Correlations between serum levels of microRNA-148a-3p and microRNA-485- 5p and the progression and recurrence of prostate cancer

Background: Unpredicted postoperative recurrence of prostate cancer, one of the most common malignancies among males worldwide, has become a prominent issue-affecting patients after treatment. Here, we investigated the correlation between the serum miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p expression levels and cancer recurrence in PCa patients, aiming to identify new biomarkers for diagnosis and predicting postoperative recurrence of prostate cancer. Methods: 198 male PCa cases treated with surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were involved in the presented study. Serum levels of miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p were measured before the initial operation for the involved cases, which were then followed up for two years to monitor the recurrence of cancer to split the cases into recurrence and non-recurrence groups. Comparison of the relative expressions of serum miR-148a-3p and miR-485-5p were made and related to other clinic pathological features. Results: Pre-surgery serum levels of miR-148a-3p in patients with TNM stage I~II prostate cancer (Gleason score < 7) were significantly lower ( P < 0.05) than levels in patients with TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors (TNM) stage III~IV cancer (Gleason score ≥7)while pre-surgery serum levels of miR-485-5p in patients with TNM stage I~II prostate cancer (Gleason score < 7) were significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than patients with TNM stage III~IV cancer (Gleason score ≥ 7). Serum miR-148a-3p level in recurrence group is higher than the non-recurrence group ( P < 0.05) while serum miR-485-5p level in recurrence group is lower than non-recurrence group ( P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed the AUCs of using miR-148a-3p, miR-485-5p, and combined detection for predicting recurrence of prostate cancer were 0.825 (95% CI: 0.765 -0.875, P < 0.0001), 0.790 (95% CI: 0.726 -0.844, P < 0.0001), and 0.913 (95%CI: 0.865 -0.948, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: Pre-surgery serum miR-148a-3p level positively correlates while miR-485-5p level negatively correlates with prostate cancer's progressing and postoperative recurrence. Both molecules show potential to be used for predicting postoperative recurrence individually or combined.