The Impact of Façade Structure on the Natural Landscape, as Exemplified by Modern Buildings in Poland at the Turn of the 21st Century

The article analyses the impact of the façade structure of modern buildings in Poland at the turn of the 21st century on the perception of the natural and urban landscape. The aim of the study is to determine how the choice of materials, texture and form of façades shape the relationship between the building and its surroundings, and to identify design strategies that promote harmony with the landscape. Based on theoretical literature in the field of architectural phenomenology, critical re-gionalism and sustainable aesthetics, as well as empirical analysis of selected public buildings, landscape architecture and residential buildings, it was indicated that natural materials (wood, stone, brick, shingles) and simple, rhythmic façade forms promote the integration of the building with its surroundings. Perceptual studies and case studies prove that such solutions minimise visual discomfort, enhance the sense of ‘genius loci’ and support a positive perception of space. The analysis also points to research gaps – the lack of long-term studies combining the aesthetics of façades, their ecological functions and social perception in the context of natural areas. The conclusions emphasise the importance of conscious façade design as a tool for integrating architecture with the landscape, both natural and urban, while pre-serving aesthetic, cultural and ecological values.