Perceptions of Risk of Attending Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic: a UK patient and public survey and focus groups

Abstract We aim to rapidly assess public attitudes to attending hospital across the UK for research purposes and clinical appointments, and attitudes to vaccine research using an online survey and online focus groups. Online surveys offer a rapid and, during a global pandemic, safe way of collecting information about public opinion. However, they are flawed in relying on self-report, and subject to abuse by means of multiple responses from one person or even merely random responses. Sampling methods associated with online surveys require opt-in so respondents are likely to be motivated, and specifically interested in research. Thus the methodology will attract a 'warm' audience when discussing questions about research as is standard in public involvement.Online focus groups with public involvement volunteers will also experience similar issues with generalisability. All online methodologies will exclude those without access to the online world.