Multi-omics Investigations in Endocrine Systems and Their Clinical Implications

Innovative techniques such as the “omics” can be a powerful tool for the understanding of intracellular pathways involved in homeostasis maintenance and identification of new potential therapeutic targets against endocrine-metabolic disorders. Over the last decades, proteomics has been extensively applied in the study of a wide variety of human diseases, including those involving the endocrine system. Among the most endocrine-related disorders investigated by proteomics in humans are diabetes mellitus and thyroid, pituitary, and reproductive system disorders. In diabetes, proteins implicated in insulin signaling, glucose metabolism, and β-cell activity have been investigated. In thyroid diseases, protein expression alterations were described in thyroid malignancies and autoimmune thyroid illnesses. Additionally, proteomics has been used to investigate the variations in protein expression in adrenal cancers and conditions, including Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. Pituitary tumors and disorders including acromegaly and hypopituitarism have been studied using proteomics to examine changes in protein expression. Reproductive problems such as polycystic ovarian syndrome and endometriosis are two examples of conditions where alterations in protein expression have been studied using proteomics. Proteomics has, in general, shed light on the molecular underpinnings of many endocrine-related illnesses and revealed promising biomarkers for both their detection and treatment. The capacity of proteomics to thoroughly and objectively examine complex protein mixtures is one of its main benefits. Mass spectrometry (MS) is a widely used method that identifies and measures proteins based on their mass-to-charge ratio and their fragmentation pattern. MS can perform the separation of proteins according to their physicochemical characteristics, such as hydrophobicity, charge, and size, in combination with liquid chromatography. Other proteomics techniques include protein arrays, which enable the simultaneous identification of several proteins in a single assay, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), which divides proteins depending on their isoelectric point and molecular weight. This chapter aims to summarize the most relevant proteomics data from targeted tissues, as well as the daily rhythmic variation of relevant biomarkers in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions within the involved endocrine system, especially because the actual modern lifestyle constantly imposes a chronic unentrained condition, which virtually affects all the circadian clock systems within human’s body, being also correlated with innumerous endocrine-metabolic diseases. Access this chapter Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout Purchases are for personal use only Similar content being viewed by others

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J Mol Biol 432:3565–3577 Acknowledgments This work was supported by the Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [PB-S: grant number 403972/ 2021–3] and Minas Gerais Research Foundation (FAPEMIG) [PB-S: grant number APQ-00013-22]. CFB is supported by a fellowship from CNPq. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could inappropriately influence (bias) the work reported in this chapter. Author information Authors and Affiliations Corresponding authors Editor information Editors and Affiliations Rights and permissions Copyright information © 2024 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG About this chapter Cite this chapter Peliciari-Garcia, R.A., de Barros, C.F., Secio-Silva, A., de Barros Peruchetti, D., Romano, R.M., Bargi-Souza, P. (2024). Multi-omics Investigations in Endocrine Systems and Their Clinical Implications. In: Verano-Braga, T. (eds) Mass Spectrometry-Based Approaches for Treating Human Diseases and Diagnostics. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology(), vol 1443. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_10 Download citation DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_10 Published: Publisher Name: Springer, Cham Print ISBN: 978-3-031-50623-9 Online ISBN: 978-3-031-50624-6 eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)