Investigation of peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with different diagnoses on the psychosis spectrum: an observational cross-sectional study

Investigation of peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with different diagnoses on the psychosis spectrum: an observational cross-sectional study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation of peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with different diagnoses on the psychosis spectrum: an observational cross-sectional study Ezgi Sıla Ahi Üstün, Serkan Yazıcı, Rifat Serav İlhan, Kazım Cihan Can, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory dysfunction may be important across the psychotic spectrum. In this study, we investigated whether there is a difference between different diagnostic groups, in which psychosis is the common pathway, and healthy controls in markers of peripheral inflammation, such as platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII), determined by haemogram. Our hypotheses are as follows: patients with a common history of psychosis but with different diagnoses have higher severity of peripheral inflammation compared to healthy controls, regardless of the specific diagnosis. In addition, the severity of peripheral inflammation is similar across different diagnoses across the psychosis spectrum. Results: Before and after correction for age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference in PLR between the groups. However a substantial statistical difference in NLR and SIRI were observed between the groups. According to the post-hoc analysis performed to determine which groups the difference was between, schizophrenia and the healthy control group, schizoaffective disorder and the healthy control group, and autism spectrum disorder and the healthy control group differed in terms of NLR; there was only a significant difference in SIRI between autism spectrum disorder and the healthy control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between groups for SII before and after correction for age and sex; however, when paired groups were evaluated using post hoc analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between any two groups. When comparing disorder groups within the psychotic spectrum, it was observed that PLR, NLR, SIRI, and SII levels were comparable. Conclusions: Our results showed that several disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and autistic spectrum disorder, with different diagnoses but similarities in terms of a history of psychosis, had increased inflammation compared to healthy controls. This study contributes to the psychosis spectrum approach in that there was no statistically significant difference in the severity of inflammation in disorder groups with a history of psychosis but with different diagnostic categories.However further research is needed to completely understand the psychosis spectrum, as bipolar disorder patients have similar inflammation levels to those without mental disorders. Psychiatry psychosis spectrum transdiagnostic inflammation platelet-lymphocyte ratio neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio systemic inflammatory response index systemic immune-inflammatory index Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4551593","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":326297976,"identity":"acef4efb-057a-4cdd-82ee-7e48eadb3b23","order_by":0,"name":"Ezgi Sıla Ahi Üstün","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mamak State Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ezgi","middleName":"Sıla Ahi","lastName":"Üstün","suffix":""},{"id":326297977,"identity":"4f2b78ce-7c2f-4e53-92d4-dc57b97ba03a","order_by":1,"name":"Serkan Yazıcı","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Mamak State Hospital","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Serkan","middleName":"","lastName":"Yazıcı","suffix":""},{"id":326297978,"identity":"c2f0cb1b-c8b2-4bbf-94a8-c7a804fa5789","order_by":2,"name":"Rifat Serav İlhan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAw0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDAC5oONh4GUHIh94AFRWtgSG0BajMFaEojTksAA0pLYAOIQpcW8jbnhcEHNnfT5YYcfAm2xk9NtIKBF5hhjw+EZx57lbrydZgDUkmxsdoCAFgn5xobDPGyHczfOTgBpOZC4jaAWNqAtPP8OpxvOTv9AghbetsMJ8tI5pNjC23fYcIN0TsGBBANi/MLG/vAxz7fD8vKz0zd/+FBhJ0dQCxwYgFUaEKscBOQbSFE9CkbBKBgFIwoAAEEiSCoZBRGGAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rifat","middleName":"Serav","lastName":"İlhan","suffix":""},{"id":326297979,"identity":"ab04bb9c-fa96-4b59-919f-7aeda9737b53","order_by":3,"name":"Kazım Cihan Can","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kazım","middleName":"Cihan","lastName":"Can","suffix":""},{"id":326297980,"identity":"37f96512-0823-4415-8063-b20eafcaaec7","order_by":4,"name":"Meram Can Saka","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Meram","middleName":"Can","lastName":"Saka","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-08 18:38:12","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":68769606,"identity":"4c78369e-42b3-461f-a193-12db16aab4d2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-11-11 22:13:41","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":472809,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscriptfile..pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4551593/v2_covered_20a64142-3a82-4a2b-92db-f908ee3bfdb7.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eInvestigation of peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with different diagnoses on the psychosis spectrum: an observational cross-sectional study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"psychosis spectrum, transdiagnostic, inflammation, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, systemic inflammatory response index, systemic immune-inflammatory index","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eBackground: Increasing evidence suggests that inflammatory dysfunction may be important across the psychotic spectrum. In this study, we investigated whether there is a difference between different diagnostic groups, in which psychosis is the common pathway, and healthy controls in markers of peripheral inflammation, such as platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), systemic inflammatory response index(SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammatory index(SII), determined by haemogram. Our hypotheses are as follows: patients with a common history of psychosis but with different diagnoses have higher severity of peripheral inflammation compared to healthy controls, regardless of the specific diagnosis. In addition, the severity of peripheral inflammation is similar across different diagnoses across the psychosis spectrum.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResults: Before and after correction for age and sex, there was no statistically significant difference in PLR between the groups. However a substantial statistical difference in NLR and SIRI were observed between the groups. According to the post-hoc analysis performed to determine which groups the difference was between, schizophrenia and the healthy control group, schizoaffective disorder and the healthy control group, and autism spectrum disorder and the healthy control group differed in terms of NLR; there was only a significant difference in SIRI between autism spectrum disorder and the healthy control group. In addition, there was a statistically significant difference between groups for SII before and after correction for age and sex; however, when paired groups were evaluated using post hoc analysis, no statistically significant differences were found between any two groups. When comparing disorder groups within the psychotic spectrum, it was observed that PLR, NLR, SIRI, and SII levels were comparable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eConclusions: Our results showed that several disorders including schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and autistic spectrum disorder, with different diagnoses but similarities in terms of a history of psychosis, had increased inflammation compared to healthy controls. This study contributes to the psychosis spectrum approach in that there was no statistically significant difference in the severity of inflammation in disorder groups with a history of psychosis but with different diagnostic categories.However further research is needed to completely understand the psychosis spectrum, as bipolar disorder patients have similar inflammation levels to those without mental disorders.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation of peripheral markers of inflammation in patients with different diagnoses on the psychosis spectrum: an observational cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2024-11-11 21:57:31","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2024-07-12 18:42:02","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4551593/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"723d1504-37d3-4e5d-9337-01a064856662","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 11th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":40036738,"name":"Psychiatry"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-10-24T11:53:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-11 21:57:31","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-4551593","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4551593","identity":"rs-4551593","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}