Joint Optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Multicastive WPT assisted Data Collection in WSNs

Joint Optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Multicastive WPT assisted Data Collection in WSNs | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Joint Optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Multicastive WPT assisted Data Collection in WSNs Yang Jiang, Zhenguo Gao, Yakai Wang, Kaswan Amar This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4516564/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In Energy Harvesting assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology plays a vital role in extending network lifespan by enabling energy cooperation among nodes. Nevertheless, existing energy cooperation assisted data collection methods mostly focused solely on Point-to-Point (P2P) style WPT, overlooking the broadcasting nature of wireless radio signals, which offers the potential for multiple nodes to harvest energy simultaneously from a single radio signal. To best exploit the multicastive radio signals, this paper concentrates on harnessing multicastive WPT-based energy cooperation for optimizing data collection performance in WSNs, and inspects the underlying joint optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Data Collection (DREC-DC) problem. Here the term \textit{multicastive WPT} is used to distinguish from the P2P-style WPT considered in previous works. To overcome the scalability limitations of centralized solutions, we proposed an efficient Distributed method based on Projected Subgradient Algorithm (DPSA) by formulizing and transforming the single-slot version DREC-DC problem into a strict convex form. For situations where relevant information in some upcoming time slots are available ahead through predictions, DPSA is extended to a sliding window style multi-slot version. Our DPSA is compared with a P2P style energy cooperation approach and some classic routing algorithms not involving energy cooperation for assessing its effectiveness. Simulation results demonstrate that our distributive multicastive-WPT based method leads to considerably higher data collection ability than others. Energy harvesting Data collection Multicastive wireless power transfer Energy cooperation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Revision Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 07 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 19 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 06 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 30 Jul, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Jun, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 10 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 05 Jun, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 05 Jun, 2024 First submitted to journal 02 Jun, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4516564","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":314829130,"identity":"1a8e559c-64c0-4b6c-87f3-fd7d37ba2ec7","order_by":0,"name":"Yang Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huaqiao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yang","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""},{"id":314829131,"identity":"3b6426f6-f3c6-45f7-8267-c9ce3be64413","order_by":1,"name":"Zhenguo Gao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAq0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACNoYEBhsgSZqWhDRStTAkHCZBvbz74WMPHv44b88n3fyA4UfFNsJaDM+kpRskJNxObJM5ZsDYc+Y2EVoacswkgFoS2CQSDJgZ24jR0v8GpOWcPZtE+gfitMhLgG05wNgmkUOkLQYSz9IkEtKSE4FaCg4S5Rf5/uRjkj9s7OzlZ6RvfPCjghhbDiBxDuBQhGZLA1HKRsEoGAWjYEQDAJ21N+eAoU/DAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Huaqiao University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhenguo","middleName":"","lastName":"Gao","suffix":""},{"id":314829132,"identity":"2a276006-65b2-42c7-8566-46b8214a3cd3","order_by":2,"name":"Yakai Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Huaqiao University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yakai","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":314829133,"identity":"3ec3a2c8-d9ac-40c0-a7e5-828932a2968f","order_by":3,"name":"Kaswan Amar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Indian Institute of Technology (ISM)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Kaswan","middleName":"","lastName":"Amar","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-06-02 10:08:20","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4516564/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4516564/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":58641457,"identity":"e222c248-6345-4a49-ad71-fc338c2c99d5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-06-19 07:52:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3198010,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4516564/v1_covered_c57baf04-2624-4f5d-a5a5-841bd87c6f5a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Joint Optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Multicastive WPT assisted Data Collection in WSNs","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"wireless-personal-communications","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"wire","sideBox":"Learn more about [Wireless Personal Communications](https://www.springer.com/journal/11277)","snPcode":"11277","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11277/3","title":"Wireless Personal Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Energy harvesting, Data collection, Multicastive wireless power transfer, Energy cooperation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4516564/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4516564/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn Energy Harvesting assisted Wireless Sensor Networks (EH-WSNs), Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology plays a vital role in extending network lifespan by enabling energy cooperation among nodes. Nevertheless, existing energy cooperation assisted data collection methods mostly focused solely on Point-to-Point (P2P) style WPT, overlooking the broadcasting nature of wireless radio signals, which offers the potential for multiple nodes to harvest energy simultaneously from a single radio signal. To best exploit the multicastive radio signals, this paper concentrates on harnessing multicastive WPT-based energy cooperation for optimizing data collection performance in WSNs, and inspects the underlying joint optimization of Data Routing and Energy Cooperation for Data Collection (DREC-DC) problem. Here the term \\textit{multicastive WPT} is used to distinguish from the P2P-style WPT considered in previous works. To overcome the scalability limitations of centralized solutions, we proposed an efficient Distributed method based on Projected Subgradient Algorithm (DPSA) by formulizing and transforming the single-slot version DREC-DC problem into a strict convex form. For situations where relevant information in some upcoming time slots are available ahead through predictions, DPSA is extended to a sliding window style multi-slot version. Our DPSA is compared with a P2P style energy cooperation approach and some classic routing algorithms not involving energy cooperation for assessing its effectiveness. 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