Premature ovarian insufficiency in autoimmune thyroiditis

Given the impact of the thyroid gland and its pathology on women’s reproductive health, one cannot exclude autoimmune thyroid diseases as the cause of decreased ovarian function and, consequently, ovarian reserve. The purpose — to evaluate the effect of autoimmune thyroid diseases on the development of premature ovarian insufficiency. Material and methods. There were 82 patients under our supervision. The main group (n = 57) consisted of patients with infertility associated with premature ovarian insufficiency in autoimmune thyroiditis. The comparison group (n = 25) did not have autoimmune thyroid diseases or problems with conception. Ovarian reserve was assessed by the level of anti-muller hormone (AMH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the number of antral follicles (NAF). Results. When assessing the parameters of the ovarian reserve in women with AIT and PОI, a statistically significant decrease in AMH levels to 0.6 (0.2) ng/ml was revealed compared with practically healthy patients to 1.6 (0.8) ng/ml (p < 0.05) and an increase in FSH concentrations of 28.7 (2.2) IU/l and 4.3 (1.9) IU/l (p < 0.05), respectively, in blood serum. Analysis of AMH levels showed that women in the main group, regardless of age, are characterized only by low levels of AMH. Conclusions. The result of our study showed that autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, being organ-specific, can lead to malfunctions of all vital body systems, including in the reproductive system, predisposing the development of premature ovarian insufficiency, genital endometriosis, as an expression of a systemic immune defect of the body.