Diverse and Stable Male Sterile Tropical Asian Maize Hybrids Reveal Grain Yield Increases

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Takalkar, S. Murali Mohan, Patne Nagesh, Thanda Dhliwayo, and 11 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7582507/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 05 Dec, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 12 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cytoplasmic Male Sterility, a maternally inherited trait which suppresses the production of viable pollen, eliminates the need for detasseling of females in hybrid maize seed production. We report a 9.9% yield advantage of a maize hybrid with the C-type male sterile cytoplasm compared to its isogenic non-CMS counterpart through a head-to-head analysis. From implications in enhancing global genetic gains to addressing issues of labour availability and rising wages, the technology reveals opportunities for intellectual property protection and region-wide taming of diversity of tropical Asian maize germplasm by imposing a heterotic discipline. A set of 88 diverse elite CIMMYT Asia maize inbred lines converted to CMS using a temperate donor, were evaluated for stable p er se performance for grain yield, male sterility and Turcicum Leaf Blight resistance. Performances of hybrids of varied genetic backgrounds across diverse environments -- seasons, years, agroecologies, countries, abiotic- and biotic stresses -- established a stable and robust diversification process which included the identification of potential maintainers and restorers that will benefit researchers, the seed industry and farmers. Biological sciences/Genetics Biological sciences/Plant sciences Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) Maintainer Restorer Genetic Gain Seed Production Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1 Introduction Male sterility, a failure to produce functional pollen, can result from either a nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutation. Nuclear (genic) male sterility is conferred by over 20 nuclear gene mutations 1 , the majority of which are recessive. Male sterility caused by a mitochondrial gene mutation (known as “ms”) is countered by nuclear genes called restorers-of-fertility ( Rf ). These Rf genes can restore pollen fertility by suppressing the male-sterile effect. This system, known as Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS), is commonly referred to as Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS). CMS is thus a maternally inherited condition resulting from an imbalance between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes 2 which leads to abortion of the male gametophyte, typically without affecting the development of the female gametophyte . CMS has been documented in 140 plant species from 47 genera and 20 families 3 , 4 . In maize, three primary types of CMS are recognized: CMS-C (C cytoplasm), CMS-S (S cytoplasm), and CMS-T (T cytoplasm) 5 . A male sterile line, often referred to as the CMS “A” line, is maintained by crossing it with its isogenic fertile counterpart, the maintainer or “B” line. The B line is self-pollinated like any other maize inbred line to produce seed (Fig. 1 ). Restorer, or “R” lines, carry nuclear genes ( Rf) specific to each type of male sterile cytoplasm which restore pollen fertility upon crossing 6 . This system ensures that the Rf genes inherited from the male parent, in an F 1 hybrid, enable the production of sufficient pollen for producing grain. Manual or mechanical detasseling remains the primary method for producing hybrid maize seeds, but it is labor-intensive, costly, prone to errors (non-removal of tassel) and can harm plant productivity due to accidental removal of structures like the flag leaf 7 . Studies have shown that detasseling can reduce seed yield by about 14%, mainly due to leaf loss 8 . The adoption of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) offers a cost-effective alternative, eliminating the need for detasseling thereby not only saving moderate to high labor costs (a primary “use case”) but bypassing the dependence on a labour force which can be very scarce at times of critical field operations, and ensuring genetic purity of hybrid seed. This has made CMS particularly valuable for breeding programs where emasculation is challenging and has significantly advanced the use of heterosis in crop improvement 9 , 10 . Effective male sterility systems require the inbred female parent to be 100% sterile, while fertility restoration must be reliably achieved in F 1 seeds planted by farmers. Environmental factors, such as temperature and water stress, can influence the Rf gene expression leading to partial fertility reversion in some genetic backgrounds 11 . CMS-T lines are susceptible to Southern Corn Leaf Blight caused by Bipolaris ( Helminthosporium ) maydis race T 12, 13 and CMS-S line sterility is easily affected by climatic factors 11 and are hence less favored. CMS-C is increasingly popular in temperate programs because of its stable sterility, resistance to disease, and positive impact on grain yield 11 , 14 , 15 . Recent advances include marker-assisted backcrossing to develop improved CMS-C lines more efficiently 16 . Additionally, proprietary systems like Ms44 -SPT have demonstrated a 10% yield increase in hybrid maize in sub-Saharan Africa 17 . In addition to maize, CMS/ Rf systems are widely used in various crops for high-efficiency hybrid seed production. Of the Rf genes, Rf4 is a dominant restorer gene for maize CMS-C and has significant value in hybrid maize seed production. However, the complex fertility restoration mechanism of CMS-C complicates the screening of Rf4 -restorer lines, constraining its broader adoption due to its scarcity in diverse germplasm 18 . Addressing this challenge by identifying additional Rf4 factors, in a wide array of germplasm, is crucial for expanding the use of CMS-C in hybrid breeding programs. CIMMYT’s work—both globally and in Asia—is focused on developing and providing access to diverse stress-resilient germplasm, including OPVs and inbred lines, to a network of public and private partners. Stress-resilient germplasm plays an essential role in strengthening national capacities to enhance food security, improve nutritional outcomes, and promote agricultural sustainability. Developing and expanding access to CMS lines, such as those involving Rf4 , is integral to this effort, enabling the creation of more resilient hybrid varieties that can address pressing food security and nutritional challenges. Male sterility in hybrid maize seed production has been used extensively in forming hybrids in the US Corn Belt, China and Brazil while in tropical maize it is largely limited to few hybrids from a couple of large multi-national private sector companies operating in the region with seed occupying less than 3% of the market potential. CMS sources in adapted tropical Asian germplasm were not publicly available until CIMMYT’s Global Maize Program started introgressing the male sterile C-cytoplasm into adapted tropical Asian germplasm in 2016 in response to the demand for CMS lines by partners of the International Maize Improvement Consortium for Asia (IMIC-Asia), a CIMMYT-led consortium of public and private partners. IMIC-Asia focuses on breeding maize for specific requirements of identified market segments with periodic distribution of inbred lines to its members. Early versions of diverse introgressions were made available to IMIC-Asia partners in 2020—marking a significant step toward expanding access to this vital trait and strengthening hybrid breeding efforts in Asia. Building upon this mandate, the objectives of this study were to (a) sample a set of elite tropical Asia lines to assess variation in nuclear restorers and maintainers, (b) incorporate male sterile cytoplasm from a temperate source into diverse tropical backgrounds to develop donor lines for CIMMYT and its partners, (c) derive stable CMS-C versions of elite and adapted CIMMYT-Asia lines, and (d) expand our understanding of hybrid performances of a wider set of conversions and demonstrate their utility in hybrid combinations across multiple testers in different agroecological conditions, seasons, climatic stresses, years and countries. 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 CMS Donors Two U.S. inbred lines with expired Plant Variety Protection (ex-PVP)—LP1 CMS HT (a male sterile “A” Line) and LP1 NR HT (a maintainer “B” Line) containing Charrua cytoplasm (Cytoplasm C), were obtained from the U.S. North Central Plant Introduction Station (Ames, IA) in 2014. These lines were developed by Pfister Hybrid Corn Company from a selection related to the Minnesota inbred line A632. The A-line was increased by a pairwise cross to the B-line while the B-line was self-pollinated. 2.2 Line Conversion A set of 88 elite CIMMYT Asia inbred lines from distinct CIMMYT heterotic groups (HG-A & HG-B) were crossed as male to CMS line LP1 CMS HT during the rainy and post-rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017. The resulting single crosses were planted in the following season and each tassel was carefully observed for pollen shedding. Crosses that were fully or partially fertile were eliminated, and only those exhibiting 100% male sterility were selected for backcrossing. The sterile plants from each cross were repeatedly backcrossed for several generations, with pollen shedders eliminated at each stage (noting that during backcrossing, sterility breakdown can occur—perhaps due to high temperature). This process aimed to develop male sterile BC 6 F 1 s (“A” lines) (Fig. 2 ). A total of 27 elite lines [including Parental Line 1 (PL1) from HG-A and Parental Line 2 (PL2) from HG-B] were successfully converted to their BC 6 male sterile versions. Hybrid combinations of CMS conversions of PL1 [PL1-CMSL1 to PL1-CMSL8] were used in a head-to-head comparison with its respective non-CMS version described later in the section. In each backcross (BC) generation, the plant of the recurrent parent from which pollen was used to cross to the sterile plant/s, was also self-pollinated and designated as the maintainer for that particular BC line. These maintainer lines of all BC conversions were planted next to the corresponding BCF 1 s in the subsequent backcross cycle, and the process was repeated until the desired lines were stabilized. 2.3 CMS Inbred Evaluation The CMS inbred conversions were evaluated in two experiments: an unreplicated observation nursery [Inbred Trial Set 1 (ITS1)] and a replicated yield trial [Inbred Trial Set (ITS2)]. The unreplicated observation nursery consisting of 112 CMS BC 4 F 1 or BC 5 F 1 versions of 22 elite inbred lines were evaluated for Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB) during the 2022 wet season (July-October) at a disease hot spot (Bengaluru: 12°58′N latitude - and 77°35′E longitude) in single row plots. ITS2 was planted at five environments (Table 1 ) during the 2024 dry season (December-April) under irrigated conditions as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section and consisted of 13 BC 6 or BC 7 CMS lines (PL1-CMSL1 to PL1-CMSL8 and PL2-CMSL1 to PL2-CMSL5), and seven check inbred lines (Table 2 ). Table 1 Coordinates of the testing environments. Environment Code Location Country Latitude (N) Longitude (E) Elevation (masl) Soil Type Annual Rainfall (mm) Management Evaluation Season Sets Evaluated E1 Kathalagere India 14° 29' 75° 83' 661 Sandy Red 837 Optimal Wet (2020) HTS1 E2 Marpalli India 17°32′ 77°46′ 628 Silty Clay 833 Optimal Wet (2020) HTS1 E3 Daulatabad India 17°71′ 78°20′ 547 Sandy Red 810 Optimal Wet (2020) HTS1 E4 Buldhana India 20°53' 76°18′ 639 Medium black 842 Optimal Wet (2022) HTS2 E5 Mandya India 12°52' 76°90′ 678 Red sandy loam 750 Optimal Wet (2022) HTS2 E6 Pantnagar India 28°97' 79°41′ 244 Clay loam 1583 Optimal Wet (2022) HTS2 E7 Hyderabad India 17° 53' 78° 27' 522 Deep Black 810 Managed Drought Dry (2023) HTS3 E8 Hyderabad India 17° 53' 78° 27' 522 Sandy Red 810 Optimal Wet (2023) HTS3 E9 Nutankal India 17° 68' 78° 44' 602 Sandy Red 810 Heat Stress Summer/ Spring (2023) HTS3 E10 Dharwad India 15° 48' 74° 98' 668 Deep Black 864 Irrigated Dry (2023) HTS3 E11 Hyderabad India 17° 53' 78° 27' 522 Deep Black 810 Managed Drought Dry (2024) HTS3 E12 Dharwad India 15° 48' 74° 98' 668 Deep Black 864 Irrigated Dry (2024) HTS3, ITS2 E13 Nepalgunj Nepal 28°03′ 81°37′ 150 Alluvial 1150 Irrigated Dry (2024) HTS3, ITS2 E14 Peddapuram India 17° 08' 82°13′ 35 Red Sandy Loam 1050 Irrigated Dry (2024) HTS3, ITS2 E15 Shivamogga India 13°56′ 75°34′ 569 Red gravelly clay 731 Irrigated Dry (2024) HTS3, ITS2 E16 Buldhana India 20°53' 76°18′ 639 Medium black 842 Irrigated Dry (2024) ITS2 Table 2 Per se performance of ITS2 CMS lines across four environments (E12, E13, E14, E16). Sl No. Line Code Type GY (t ha − 1 ) SD (days) 1 PL1-CMSL1 CMS 4.8 84.9 2 PL1-CMSL2 CMS 4.9 85.2 3 PL1-CMSL3 CMS 4.7 85.2 4 PL1-CMSL4 CMS 4.4 85.5 5 PL1-CMSL5 CMS 4.7 85.0 6 PL1-CMSL6 CMS 4.9 85.5 7 PL1-CMSL7 CMS 4.7 85.9 8 PL1-CMSL8 CMS 4.9 85.5 9 PL2-CMSL1 CMS 4.1 86.6 10 PL2-CMSL2 CMS 4.7 86.4 11 PL2-CMSL3 CMS 4.4 86.4 12 PL2-CMSL4 CMS 4.4 87.1 13 PL2-CMSL5 CMS 4.6 86.7 14 PL1 Non-CMS check 4.9 85.3 15 CML581 Non-CMS check 4.6 85.7 16 PL2 Non-CMS check 4.8 86.8 17 CML641A Non-CMS check 4.2 86.4 18 CML642A Non-CMS check 5.0 86.0 19 CML643A Non-CMS check 4.4 86.6 20 CML644A Non-CMS check 4.3 84.9 Mean 4.6 85.9 LSD 1.0 3.4 Heritability (h 2 ) 0.4 0.3 Number of environments 3 4 2.4 Hybrid Evaluations Agronomic performance of hybrid combinations of CMS conversions were evaluated in three sets of trials conducted from 2020 to 2024. The first hybrid trial set (HTS1) evaluated in 2020 consisted of 27 CMS BC 4 F 1 or BC 5 F 1 conversions of three (HG-A: VL107657, VL1110501; HG-B: PL2) elite lines which were crossed to three testers of the opposite group - HG-B (T1, T9, T12). The crosses between the CMS conversions and the testers were made during (rainy 2019 – July-November) without following a specific crossing design, resulting in lines not being crossed to all testers. In 2020 (wet season - July-November), a total of 42 test crosses along with six non-CMS internal and commercial check hybrids were evaluated under optimal conditions at three environments as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section. The main objective of this trial was to gather preliminary performance data of this new product concept. The second hybrid trial set (HTS2) evaluated in 2022 consisted of 14 CMS BC 5 F 1 conversions of 6 additional elite lines (HG-A: PL1, VL107859, VL1110517, VL183005; HG-B: VL18223, VL18430) crossed to 11 testers of the opposite group (HG-A: T3; T6, T7, T8, T10; HG-B: T1, T2, T4, T5, T9, T11). The crosses were also made without following a specific mating design hence not all lines were crossed to all testers. A total of 27 test crosses along with 13 non-CMS internal and commercial check hybrids were evaluated under optimum conditions during the wet season (July-November) at three agroecologically diverse environments in two replicates as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section. This experiment was primarily done to expand our understanding of hybrid performances of a wider set of conversions across diverse testers and environments in comparison to commercial checks. The third hybrid trial set (HTS3) consisted of hybrids formed between eight CMS lines selected from HTS2 and two testers of the opposite heterotic group. The mating design was a North Carolina Design II (LxT design), where both testers were crossed with all the eight lines. The 16 F 1 crosses, non-CMS commercialized isogenic hybrid (PL1/T1), and eight internal and commercial checks, were evaluated in two replications in 2023 and 2024 at nine environments (Table 1 ) during the wet and dry seasons as described in Section 2.5 and respective sub-sections of how trials were managed. The nine environments used were selected to capture all conditions typically encountered in the target population of environments. 2.5 Trial Management and Environments All trials were conducted in an Alpha lattice design as follows: 32 seeds were sown per entry in each replication having a row length of 4m with spacing of 60 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants within a row. Final plant population (of 83,333 plants ha − 1 ) was maintained by thinning extra plants and evaluation was carried out for twenty-one plants per entry in each replication. A detailed description of testing environments is presented in Table 1 . A diverse set of environments which varied by environments in India and Nepal, season (wet and dry), management (managed drought, heat, optimal, well irrigated), and years was selected for this study. 2.5.1 Managed drought Post-planting, the recommended crop management schedule was followed up until the crop reached 550 Growing Degree Days (GDDs), at which point irrigation was stopped (approximately two weeks before flowering). Soil moisture was recorded by using PR2/6 profile probe at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm) at weekly intervals. The drought stress was terminated by resuming irrigation once the soil moisture at a depth of 30–40 cms reached near permanent wilting point (PWP). Along with soil moisture data, Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) was calculated using T max after applying the last irrigation. Total accumulated VPD ~ 120.0 kPa from the day after last irrigation to the day of terminating the stress was calibrated and used along with moisture depletion data for taking a decision on terminating the stress. 2.5.2 Heat Stress Hybrids were planted for evaluation in the Spring/Summer of 2023 in such a way that the reproductive growth stage, from tassel emergence to early grain-filling (lag-phase), was exposed to heat stress (T max >35°C, T min >23°C, and RH 35%) in the month of May (rain-free window). Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle. 2.5.3 Optimal Condition Trials were evaluated in the rainy/wet season with only lifesaving irrigation/s in the event of a prolonged dry spell. Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle. 2.5.4 Irrigated condition Trial was evaluated under dry/post-rainy season and provided with irrigation at 8–10 days interval depending on soil type. Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle. 2.6 Data Recording and Analysis Data were collected on each plot for field weight (FW) (weight of dehusked ears), days to anthesis (AD) (50% plants with pollen shedding), days to silking (SD) (50% plants with silk emergence), plant height (PH) (height of a plant from ground level to the base of tassel), ear height (EH) (height of a plant to the base of main ear), number of plants (NP) per plot, number of ears (NE) and number of fertile plants (FP) per plot. TLB scores were recorded on a 1–9 scale (1 = immune and 9 = susceptible) at 15 and 30 days after flowering in the unreplicated observation nursery. Grain yield (GY in tons ha − 1 ), anthesis-silking interval (ASI in days), and fertility restoration (FR in percentage) were calculated (ratio of number of plants with pollen shedding to the total number of plants per plot). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusted means, heritability, and variance components were estimated using META-R software (Multi-Environment Trial Analysis with R) 19 . General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated only for HTS3 using AGD-R software (Analysis of Genetic Designs in R) 20 . The Line by Tester (L×T) analysis 21 was done to predict the general combining ability (GCA) of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) of their crosses 22 . Head-to-head comparison (Student’s T-test) of a CMS hybrid with its non-CMS version was done in HTS3. 3 Results 3.1 CMS Conversion For the CMS conversion process, we selected 88 fixed lines which were parental lines of hybrids that were showing promise in Stages 1 and 2 of hybrid evaluation. Only 38 lines were found to be 100% sterile while 50 lines were restoring fertility after the first cross (Table 3 ). 27 CMS lines showed stable performance up to BC 5 while 11 lines produced shedders during subsequent backcrossing generations (BC 2 and beyond). After repeated backcrossing, we were able to derive CMS versions of 27 CIMMYT lines. A detailed LxT study was conducted on CMS versions of PL1. Table 3 Stability of male sterility in CMS inbreds and list of Potential Restorers Type Inbred list Potential Restorers (Pollen Parents) VL109250, VL109251, VL109524, VL143906, VL111354, VL108281, VL108303, VL1040, VL1016178, VL1110496, VL1016532, VL1052, KL154670, KL154688, VL133161, VL143903, VL121671, KL153140, KL154685, KL154763, VL13797, VL132985, VL13827-1, VL13827-2, VL13827-3, VL13801, ZL15248, VL108727, VL122591, VL13822, VL154209, VL109288, VL1012766, VL108723, VL1016594, VL1016242, VL1016977, VL1016518, VL121258, KL154714, VL144262, VL144319, VL143991, VL161235, VL109336, VL109853, VL18205, VL18211, KL153063, VL18274 Stable B-lines converted to CMS A (Seed Parents) VL107657, VL1110501, VL1110514, VL1110517, PL1, PL2, VL109451, VL144234, KL155956, VL108312, VL0512418, VL18434, VL18274, VL183003, VL18430, VL183005, VL18260, VL107859, VL109293, VL058727, KL155982, VL144309, VL109344, VL18442, VL18223, VL107685, VL107992 Shedders at BC 2 and beyond KL154675, VL1012765, VL1018391, VL133756, VL108726, VL108750, VL18447-1, VL18447-2, VL121671, VL109970, VL18202 3.2 Inbred Evaluation The results of the inbred observation nursery, summarized in Table 4 , revealed that among the 112 BC 5 F 1 CMS lines tested for TLB, 33 were resistant (score 1.0 to 3.0 to 6.0), and 52 were susceptible to TLB (score > 6.0). CMS conversions PL1-CMSL2, PL1-CMSL3, PL1-CMSL4, PL1-CMSL5, PL1-CMSL7 were resistant, while PL1-CMSL1 and PL1-CMSL8 were moderately resistant, and PL1-CMSL6 was susceptible to TLB. These results indicate successful development of CMS A-lines (seed parent) with C-cytoplasm resistant to TLB, thereby alleviating previous concerns regarding the susceptibility of CMS germplasm to TLB and mitigating risks associated with the T-cytoplasm. Per se yields of CMS conversions of PL1 and PL2 were comparable to their non-CMS versions (Table 2 ). Complementing these results, the inbred trial analysis of variance (Supplementary Table 1) revealed that genotypic and genotype-environment interaction variances were not statistically significant for grain yield, indicating lack of genetic variation between the CMS versions and non-CMS elite lines. These results suggest that the introgression of CMS through backcrossing did not alter grain yield of the developed inbred lines, maintaining their agronomic performance while also selecting for TLB resistance. Thus, a limited diversification of CMS-A lines in Asia tropical germplasm was achieved. Table 4 Turcicum Leaf Blight (TLB) Scores of CMS conversions of ITS1 and ITS2 CMS lines at Bengaluru. TLB Scores CMS Lines 2 PL1-CMSL3, PL1-CMSL4, PL1-CMSL5, PL1-CMSL7, VL21560, VL18223-1, VL21565, VL21567, VL21568, VL21569, VL21574, VL21575, VL21576, VL21582, V1787-79, V1787-81, VL21616 3 PL1-CMSL2, VL21556, VL21558, VL18223-3, VL21577, VL21583, VL21586, V1787-77, VL21594, VL21609, VL21611, VL107859-5, VL21622, VL21623, VL21633, VL21634 4 VL21555, VL21557, VL21589, VL18430-4, VL21599, VL21602, VL21603, VL21612, VL107859-6, VL21619, VL21625, VL21651, V1787-205, V1787-207 5 PL1-CMSL1, PL1-CMSL8, VL21559, VL21605, VL21620 6 VL21654, VL21554, VL21604, VL21606, VL21608, VL21617, VL21621, VL21653 7 VL21553, VL21624 8 PL1-CMSL6, VL21561, VL183005-1, VL21563, VL21570, VL21571, VL21572, VL21573, VL21578, VL21579, VL21580, VL21581, VL21584, VL21585, VL21587, VL21588, VL21590, V1787-83, VL21592, VL21593, VL21595, VL21596, VL21598, VL21600, VL21601, VL21607, VL21610, VL21615, VL21618, VL21626, VL21627, VL21628, VL21629, VL21630, VL21631, VL21632, VL21635, VL21636, VL21637, VL107992, VL21639, VL21640, VL21649, VL21650, V1787-209, V1787-211, V1787-213, VL21655, VL21656, VL21657 TLB disease rating Scale: 1.0 to 3.0 to 6.0: Moderately resistant, > 6.0: Susceptible 3.3 Hybrid Evaluation Box and whisker plots (Fig. 3 A, Fig. 3 B) indicated that the range in yield of CMS hybrids was comparable or better than non-CMS hybrids (including isogenic non-CMS hybrids and commercial checks) across 2–3 environments. X (horizontal line at the center of the box) represents the mean, the solid box represents 25th -75th percentile and the vertical lines (whiskers) represent the minimum and maximum of the distribution in box and whisker plots. Likewise, Fig. 4 A and Fig. 5 A indicated comparable to superior performances in yield of CMS hybrids to non-CMS checks across genetic backgrounds in various environments. In particular, CMS derivatives of VL1110501, PL1 and VL18223 had distinct performance advantages across environments. Figure 4 B and Fig. 5 B indicated that CMS hybrids formed with diverse testers showed performances either comparable or superior to non-CMS checks across environments. Conversions of VL107859 did not yield good hybrids. Analysis of variance of test crosses of HTS1 (Table 5 ) and HTS3 (Table 6 ) showed that mean squares for genotypes were significant for the traits GY, AD, and FR which implied that there was ample genetic variance amongst the entries as would be expected in the three different genetic backgrounds of CMS conversions. Genotype x Environment (GxE) interaction was significant for GY in HTS3. A sub-partition of the GxE interaction in HTS3 into line x environment (LxE) and tester x environment (TxE) interactions revealed that the GxE interaction was mostly due to the interaction of lines with environments rather than testers with environments. GxE interaction for AD and FR were significant in HTS1 implying that the extent of fertility restoration of a hybrid varied across environments, precisely emphasizing the need for ascertaining stability in FR of hybrids to be advanced / deployed, as done in this study. Between HTS1, HTS2 (Supplementary Table 2) and HTS3, environmental variation was significant for the traits GY, AD and SD indicating the heterogeneity of the environments selected. Table 5 ANOVA of HTS1 evaluated across three environments in India during the wet season of 2020. Sources of variation df (for GY) Mean Sum of Squares GY (t ha − 1 ) AD (days) SD (days) FR (%) Environment (E) 1 0.2 370.2** 528.2** 0.0 Genotype (G) 43 0.5** 1.9* 0.7** 195.1** G x E 43 < 0.001 2.9** 1.0 29.5* Residuals 88 1.4 5.1 2.1 70.5 Number of Environments 2 3 2 2 *, ** significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. df – degrees of freedom, GY - Grain yield, AD – Anthesis Date, SD – Silking Date, FR – Fertility Restoration Percentage Table 6 ANOVA of HTS3 evaluated across nine environments in India and Nepal during 2023–2024 wet and dry seasons. Sources of variation df (for GY) Mean Sum of Squares GY (t ha − 1 ) AD (days) SD (days) FR (%) Environment (Env) 7 129.9* 2183.0** 10038.1** 824.9** Rep(Env) 8 2.1 2.3 7.7 137.7 Genotypes 17 7.1** 8.0* 5.4 30482.1** Line 8 1.1 8.6* 7.1 8422.2** Tester 1 104.2** 41.2** 4.2 398871.9** Line:Tester 8 0.9 2.9 3.7 6493.3** Env:Genotypes 119 2.4** 4.7 5.7 180.1 Env:Line 56 1.5 3.9 5.7 162.7 Env:Tester 7 15.7** 13.9** 17.7** 518.1* Env:Line:Tester 56 1.5 2.8 4.2 155.8 Residual 72 1.1 2.9 4.8 219.5 Number of Environments 8 6 6 7 *, ** significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively. df – degrees of freedom, GY - Grain yield, AD – Anthesis Date, SD – Silking Date, FR – Fertility Restoration Percentage General combining ability effects of HTS3 are presented in Table 7 . All the CMS lines showed negative GCA effects for the trait FR except PL1-CMSL8 (4.03%). The highest positive GCA effects for GY were as follows: PL1-CMSL4 (0.53 t ha − 1 – managed drought), PL1-CMSL8 (0.73 t ha − 1 - heat stress), and PL1-CMSL3 (0.51 t ha − 1 - optimal). PL1-CMSL7 had positive GCA effects on GY under all environments with the highest significant GCA effects for GY of 0.43 t ha − 1 under irrigated conditions and 0.38 t ha − 1 across environments, while it had the second highest GCA effect under heat stress (0.58 t ha − 1 ). Its GCA for FR was negative, but non-significant (-6.22%) but was still higher than many entries (Table 7 ). PL1-CMSL7 was thus deemed to be the best CMS version of PL1. Highest positive SCA effects for GY were as follows: CMSH9, (0.31 t ha − 1 – across environments), CMSH7 (0.86 t ha − 1 – managed drought), CMSH11 (0.50 t ha − 1 – heat), CMSH12 (1.34 t ha − 1 - optimal), and CMSH9 (0.37 t ha − 1 – irrigated) (Supplementary Table 3). Table 7 . General combining ability effects of inbred lines and testers for various traits in HTS3. The top yielding hybrids were: CMSH14 (6.46 t ha − 1 – managed drought), hybrid CMSH11 (2.67 t ha − 1 - heat stress), CMSH4 (8.46 t ha − 1 – optimum), and CMSH14 (8.73 t ha − 1 - irrigated) (Table 8 ). All CMS hybrids with tester T2 had low fertility restoration ranging from 0.8% to 22% across all the environments, despite generally higher grain yield under different managements. Conversely, CMS hybrids with tester T1 showed good fertility restoration ranging from 89.6% to 96.8% across environments. Considering good grain yield with ample fertility restoration, the highest ranking hybrids were CMSH7 (5.42 t ha − 1 - managed drought), CMSH11 (2.67 t ha − 1 - heat stress), CMSH5 (8.31 t ha − 1 – optimal), and CMSH13 (8.29 t ha − 1 - irrigated); all combinations with T1. This result indicated that T1 can be used as a potential restorer in a hybrid breeding program while T2 could be a potential maintainer for CMS line development. This also revealed that the heterotic groups can be formed based on the presence of maintainer versus restorer genes in the germplasm. Table 8 Mean performance and restoration of male fertility of CMS hybrids (HTS3) evaluated across 9 environments in 2023 and 2024. Hybrid #Line #Tester GY (t ha − 1 ) Fertility Restoration (%) Managed Drought (E7, E11) Heat Stress (E9) Optimal (E8) Irrigated (E10, E12, E13, E14) E7 E8 E9 E10 E11 E13 E15 Across Std. dev. CMSH1 PL1-CMSL1 T1 4.23 1.28 8.26 7.65 100.0 99.9 96.8 80.5 95.5 100.0 95.9 96.8 6.9 CMSH2 PL1-CMSL1 T2 6.25 0.83 7.98 8.62 0.0 0.2 6.3 12.6 51.1 0.0 0.3 8.6 18.7 CMSH3 PL1-CMSL2 T1 4.07 1.27 7.30 7.51 100.0 94.4 96.7 51.8 98.5 100.0 99.9 91.3 17.7 CMSH4 PL1-CMSL2 T2 5.76 1.35 8.46 8.67 0.0 0.2 6.0 8.6 3.7 0.0 13.7 2.0 5.2 CMSH5 PL1-CMSL3 T1 4.33 1.01 8.31 7.68 100.0 90.5 84.0 90.8 98.5 100.0 99.9 96.4 6.4 CMSH6 PL1-CMSL3 T2 6.04 1.91 7.92 8.72 0.0 0.2 6.2 9.1 3.7 0.0 16.7 3.1 6.2 CMSH7 PL1-CMSL4 T1 5.42 1.22 7.69 7.79 100.0 96.3 86.6 76.4 98.5 100.0 99.9 94.6 9.1 CMSH8 PL1-CMSL4 T2 6.15 1.89 8.13 8.66 0.0 0.2 6.2 7.0 3.7 0.0 10.3 1.2 4.1 CMSH9 PL1-CMSL5 T1 4.16 0.79 7.91 7.86 100.0 93.3 91.8 56.7 98.5 100.0 99.9 92.2 15.7 CMSH10 PL1-CMSL5 T2 5.59 1.32 8.15 8.38 0.0 0.2 6.2 8.0 3.7 0.0 4.3 1.5 3.2 CMSH11 PL1-CMSL6 T1 4.36 2.67 6.65 7.71 100.0 96.1 51.5 76.7 98.5 100.0 99.9 89.6 18.5 CMSH12 PL1-CMSL6 T2 5.96 1.20 8.39 8.70 0.0 0.2 6.1 6.4 3.7 0.0 11.8 1.5 4.4 CMSH13 PL1-CMSL7 T1 4.55 1.34 7.56 8.29 100.0 99.9 87.8 84.9 98.5 100.0 99.9 96.7 6.6 CMSH14 PL1-CMSL7 T2 6.46 1.81 8.18 8.73 0.0 0.2 6.1 6.0 3.7 0.0 4.8 0.8 2.8 CMSH15 PL1-CMSL8 T1 3.95 1.75 7.42 7.74 100.0 98.6 96.6 74.3 98.5 100.0 99.9 95.6 9.4 CMSH16 PL1-CMSL8 T2 5.97 1.99 7.61 8.55 36.7 13.8 41.4 26.4 26.3 19.5 0.3 22.4 13.9 H2 PL1 T2 6.93 1.34 7.82 8.67 100.0 99.9 96.9 95.2 98.5 100.0 99.9 99.9 1.9 H1 PL1 T1 3.91 1.29 7.75 7.77 100.0 99.9 96.9 93.5 98.5 100.0 99.9 99.6 2.4 Mean 5.28 1.44 7.76 8.24 69.5 67.3 65.9 60.8 70.8 68.8 70.2 67.6 Min. 3.91 0.76 6.65 7.51 0.0 0.2 6.0 6.0 3.7 0.0 0.3 0.8 Max. 6.93 2.67 8.46 9.42 100.0 99.9 96.9 95.2 98.5 100.0 99.9 99.9 LSD 0.36 0.80 1.35 1.33 2.0 7.7 38.9 44.0 15.9 0.3 8.7 9.0 Heritability (h 2 ) 0.21 0.81 0.52 0.42 0.99 0.99 0.91 0.88 0.94 0.99 0.99 0.99 Number of environments 2 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 Year 2023, 2024 2023 2023 2023, 2024 2023 2023 2023 2023 2024 2024 2024 2023, 2024 CMSH13 ranked first under irrigation (8.29 t ha − 1 ), second under managed drought (4.55 t ha − 1 ) and third under heat stress condition (1.34 t ha − 1 ) with fertility restoration of 96.7% (the second highest among all CMS hybrids) (Table 8 ) implying that the hybrid CMSH13 would be the best candidate for advancement and validating the choice of its seed parent PL1-CMSL7 in future crosses. This was supported by its high SCA for GY under optimal (0.27 t ha − 1 ) and across environments (0.14 t ha − 1 ) with an SCA for fertility restoration (8.39% - highest among all the hybrids). Head-to-head comparison between CMSH13 (Table 9 ) and its corresponding non-CMS hybrid (PL1/T1) over seven environments revealed a performance advantage ranging from − 2.4% to 28.7%, with an average superiority of 9.9%. In this study, the performance comparison of CMS vs non-CMS hybrids across environments yielded a p-value of the t-test of 0.059, indicating a statistically significant superiority of the CMS hybrid at α = 0.1. Environments selected spanned diverse agroecologies, soil types (red and black, sandy to clay), management conditions which included irrigated, drought, heat, and rainfed systems, in different cropping seasons (dry and wet) across years (2023 and 2024) in two countries (India and Nepal). Importantly, the CMS hybrid had good average fertility restoration of 96.7% across environments with the lowest at 84.9% in Environment 10 as described in (Table 8 ). Table 9 Head-to-head comparison of best CMS hybrid (CMSH13) with its non-CMS isogenic hybrid H1 for grain yield across seven environments. GY (t ha − 1 ) Environment Code CMSH13 H1 (non-CMS isogenic version of CMSH13) Difference GY % superiority E7 4.17 3.99 0.18 4.5 E8 7.56 7.75 -0.19 -2.5 E9 1.34 1.29 0.05 3.9 E10 8.96 6.97 1.99 28.6 E11 4.93 3.83 1.10 28.7 E13 11.54 10.66 0.88 8.3 E14 5.36 5.49 -0.13 -2.4 T-test (probability) 0.059* Average 0.6 9.9 * significant at 0.1 probability level GY - Grain yield in tons per hectare 4 Discussion 4.1 Diversity and stability of male sterility in CMS inbreds In this study we developed tropical C-cytoplasm CMS seed parents from a temperate germplasm source and demonstrated their utility and stability across a range of genetic backgrounds and environments. While the absence of nuclear restorer genes (which are dominant) in an inbred line being converted renders its BC generation sterile (Fig. 2 ) it is quite common to see the expression of fertility in backcross generations (referred to as “shedders”) has been attributed to minor restoration factors (as no known major fertility restorer has been introduced in the process) triggered by environmental effects. Hence, the stability of CMS is key to its utility in commercial hybrid seed production to ensure the purity of the hybrid seed produced. The stable sterility of CMS lines developed in this study (after screening and observing pollen shed in multiple seasons in seed increase nurseries and evaluation in multi-environment trials) was demonstrated in a range of environments. This is the first such report for tropical maize and is especially relevant in the Asian context as countries are looking to reduce seed imports while in-country seed production is being increasingly emphasized to ensure seed-security. In the Indian context, 90% of 220,000 metric tons of maize seed production happens in the coastal region of the state of Andhra Pradesh and national partners and the seed sector are looking to diversify seed production environments. Any future research should focus on genomic and metabolomic approaches to identify minor restoration factors which would help in developing more robust CMS systems. Secondly, CMS-seed parental lines of the limited number of male sterile hybrids in the Asian market are believed to have poor local adaptability, a point that has been addressed in this study through the introgression of the CMS trait in a range of Asia-adapted genetic backgrounds. As reported, 27 CMS lines showed stable performance at BC 5 many of which have already been distributed through IMIC-Asia. This sets the stage for the identification of potential B and R lines across a wider set of genotypes as follow up research. 4.2 Stability of fertility restoration in CMS-based hybrids While this study identified some lines with good restoration, molecular and phenotypic validation of restoration factors using a large set of CIMMYT lines is in progress. Of the 12 restoration factors identified in maize, our focus is on Rf4 23 as a line of future work which has been primarily found to restore fertility of C-cytoplasm. It should be noted that in CMS hybrids, the full potential production of grain can be achieved with less than 100% fertility restoration. It is a known industry practice to blend CMS hybrids with their isogenic non-CMS counterparts in commercially sold seed. Breeders have indicated that blended hybrids are 50% CMS and 50% isogenic normal hybrid 24 , while this proportion could vary between 30–70%. To ensure commercial viability of CMS systems with < 100% FR, CMS hybrids should have little or no blending – an aspect of field research that has been initiated for the many promising CIMMYT CMS hybrids. 4.3 Grain productivity, seed production costs, and dependence on labour We have shown a 9.9% grain yield advantage of CMSH13 over its non-CMS isogenic counterpart; a huge yield gain realized through the use of a single gene. This is in line with Collinson, Hamdziripi 17 who reported a 10% increase in maize grain yield of CMS hybrids in sub-Saharan Africa, a yield benefit provided by a CMS hybrid with 50% fertility restoration. While more comparisons of performances of CMS hybrids with their corresponding non-CMS counterparts would validate and strengthen this trend, at the outset CMS hybrids promise to provide significant economic benefits to maize grain farmers. Limited studies and technical manuals have reported that detasseling accounts for roughly 15–20% of total hybrid maize seed production costs globally which in India it is at least 10%, 25, 26, 27 . Besides reducing the dependence on scarce labour and its associated costs, a distinct 14% increase in seed yield by CMS inbreds during hybrid seed production was demonstrated by Collinson, Cairns 8 in Africa. Validating such a potential through seed production pilots would be valuable to the Asian seed industry. Tropical maize area in South and South-East Asia is estimated to be at least 25 million ha, translating to about 25,000 hectares in seed production area. While Collinson, Hamdziripi 17 used the dominant male sterile Ms44 -SPT system to show the benefit of male sterility for farmers in Africa, this is the first report in Asia of use of C-cytoplasm for the successful development of a stable CMS hybrid superior to its non-CMS version across a range of environments which includes severe managed drought and heat stresses. 4.4 Intellectual Property (IP) Protection Inbred parental seed increase and formation of single cross females (for use in producing three-way cross hybrids) usually happens on fields under the direct control of seed companies (either through land ownership or land leased) wherein adequate fencing and security is provided to prevent trespassers (Fig. 1 ). Certified hybrid seed production moves to (contracted) farmers’ fields where watch-and-ward security is not guaranteed. It is recognized practice across the globe to chop down rows of male plants in hybrid seed production plots, soon after pollination, in order to protect one half of the hybrid IP. However, in many parts of the world, rampant loss of IP has been reported due to theft of seed (either before planting or even soon after - by trespassers digging out planted seed) or due to illegal transfer / hand over of a sample; something that is reportedly rampant in the Asian region. Although most countries have IP protection laws to prevent such pilferage, its implementation is questionable and may be varied. Where three-way crosses are produced (as in Eastern and Southern Africa), the IP of single-cross females are inherently protected. In contrast, IP of both parents of a single-cross are exposed to IP drain. Use of CMS systems gives an opportunity to protect the IP of the seed parent as its maintenance happens on-station by crossing it with the B-line, the access to which is controlled by the legal owner. In other words, even if male sterile parental A-lines seed samples are illegally passed over by the contract seed farmer, they cannot be multiplied without a maintainer, thus protecting the IP of the female side of the hybrid. While this study does not directly address the point being made here, we opine that this could become an important use-case of male sterility in the industry. 4.5 Heterotic separation and discipline The streamlining of US corn belt germplasm groups largely into distinct heterotic groups, mainly the stiff-stalks (BSSS) and the non-stiff stalks (NSSS), has guided temperate breeding for the last 75 years. In comparison, tropical maize has had a shorter history of hybrid improvement of about 30 years, is exposed to a gamut of abiotic and biotic stresses and, is wider in diversity (and so are the possible groups of lines that could give heterosis). Most of the increase of tropical maize area in the last two decades has been in Asia where much of the breeding in the public and the private small and medium sized enterprises has been based on derivation of lines by selfing heterotic (commercial) hybrids, a strategy that gives lines with only a small chance of combining well with other available lines within breeding programs. Such dependence on “chance heterosis” coupled with poor record keeping, lack of data management systems, staff turnover, a lack of commitment and motivation to manage data and pedigrees, inadequate research funding (in the public sector), use of multiple heterotic groups (where it exists) has plagued tropical maize improvement and rendered it chaotic. Although CIMMYT has played its part in demonstrating the importance of heterotic grouping and the systematic need to tame the diversity of tropical maize, abuse of heterotic patterns – that of deriving new inbred lines from across group crosses – persists, mainly due to a lack of intent and effort in applying the concept. Firstly, with the use of CMS a very clear and objective heterotic pattern of B (maintainer) versus R (restorer) is inherently determined by the presence / absence of Rf factors (unlike in non-CMS systems where the classification of heterotic groups is based on an interpretation of combining abilities for grain yield which can tend towards subjectivity). With an established CMS system, any attempt to derive new inbred lines derived from B x R crosses would eventually hinder the conversion of seed parents of successful hybrids due to the presence of Rf factors in female lines as a result of this intermixing of pools; thus automatically enforcing respect for the B vs R grouping. In pearl millet, molecular diversity studies in addition to the presence / absence of nuclear restorer genes has guided the classification of breeding lines into two broad-based heterotic pools—B-lines (seed parents) and R-lines (restorers) 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 . Hence we believe that, in order to better exploit the diversity of tropical maize and enhance heterosis and genetic gains over a period of time, the separation of lines into female (B or maintainer) and male (R or Restorer) groups would force breeding crosses to be made only within such groups, a discipline easy to break if parental lines were amenable to be used either as female or male as in non-CMS pools. In developing and distributing commercially viable CMS lines in a gamut of genetic backgrounds presented in this study, we believe that a strategic possibility for moving towards an objective B vs R heterotic grouping, exists in maize. This study sets the stage for the development of CMS systems in a larger array of maize germplasm, not only that of CIMMYT but of other public and proprietary private sector germplasm as more partners begin the use of tropicalized CMS donor base developed by CIMMYT and presented here. 5 Conclusion Through this study: A portfolio of CMS-A seed parents and tropicalized CMS donors of diverse genetic backgrounds having stable per se performance for grain yield across various environments in India and Nepal was developed. Stable and consistent performance of genetically diverse CMS-C inbred seed parental lines in multiple tester combinations was proven across a range of environments (diverse agroecologies across India and Nepal, different seasons, varied managed stresses and crop management and across years). A CMS hybrid superior in performance (9.9% grain yield advantage) to its isogenic non-CMS combination was identified. A set of restorers suitable as pollen parents was identified. Declarations CRediT authorship contribution statement Satish A. Takalkar – Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing S. Murali Mohan - Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision P. Nagesh - Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing T. Dhliwayo – Sourcing of CMS donor germplasm, Methodology, Writing – review & editing P. Bhaskara Naidu - Investigation, Supervision S.C. Boregowda - Investigation, Supervision Rajashekar M. Kachapur - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing Dinesh G. Kanwade - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing P. Mahadevu - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing N.K. Singh - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing Sudhir Kumar Injeti - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing Manjunatha B. Kariganur - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing Santosh K. Pattanashetti - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review & editing B.G. Ravindra - Investigation, Supervision Bindiganavile S. Vivek - Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Acknowledgements and Funding The authors would like to acknowledge the funding received from various sources for research and publication of this article: International Maize Improvement Consortium for Asia (IMIC-Asia), CGIAR Research Program (CRP) MAIZE and the CGIAR Accelerated Breeding Initiative. The contribution of Desika Saravanan in generating R-scripts for box and whisker plots is acknowledged. Data Statement Data will be made available on request through Dataverse. References Neuffer MG, Coe EH, Wessler SR. Mutants of maize . Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1997) Touzet P, Budar F. Unveiling the molecular arms race between two conflicting genomes in cytoplasmic male sterility? Trends Plant Sci 9 , 568-570 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.001 Laser KD, Lersten NR. Anatomy and cytology of microsporogenesis in cytoplasmic male sterile angiosperms. Bot Rev 38 , 425-454 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02860010 Hanson MR, Conde MF. 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":162221,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eSchema for the Conversion of Elite Lines to Male Sterility.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/75aff4510b307510612b4ace.png"},{"id":92445083,"identity":"4603331c-cee8-408d-84b4-fbd50a3c958e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-29 19:58:41","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":33866,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBox and Whisker plots showing the performance of CMS vs non-CMS hybrids across environments in (A) HTS1 and (B) HTS2.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/598bdf93cd0eb61c77cb12b5.png"},{"id":92444207,"identity":"ccd44ea8-0259-49bf-b4d5-70b7a51e9dd9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-29 19:50:41","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":36965,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBox and Whisker plots showing environment-wise performance of (A) CMS hybrids with various backgrounds and (B) testers vs non-CMS hybrids in HTS1 in 2020.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/b979355b8dabb3009e4d2ef3.png"},{"id":92446362,"identity":"a3d5f433-2f5f-4ca5-96d4-8296f0afc30a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-29 20:22:41","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":40131,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBox and Whisker plots showing environment-wise performance of (A) CMS hybrids with various backgrounds and (B) testers vs non-CMS hybrids in HTS2 in 2022.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/07ead74b5231bcfc5513488f.png"},{"id":97723768,"identity":"c1aeb3c2-2a12-4202-9215-0cf2a1e579ca","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-08 16:05:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2612599,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/e0e9d3cc-a96b-4ca4-ba30-42dde8f2f4c5.pdf"},{"id":92444206,"identity":"165ea288-0933-478b-a2fb-9cbfde86e08d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-29 19:50:40","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":23600,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementaryTables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7582507/v1/94b5f3b04efeb556bcab87c3.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Diverse and Stable Male Sterile Tropical Asian Maize Hybrids Reveal Grain Yield Increases","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eMale sterility, a failure to produce functional pollen, can result from either a nuclear or mitochondrial gene mutation. Nuclear (genic) male sterility is conferred by over 20 nuclear gene mutations\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, the majority of which are recessive. Male sterility caused by a mitochondrial gene mutation (known as \u0026ldquo;ms\u0026rdquo;) is countered by nuclear genes called restorers-of-fertility (\u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e). These Rf genes can restore pollen fertility by suppressing the male-sterile effect. This system, known as Cytoplasmic Genetic Male Sterility (CGMS), is commonly referred to as Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS). CMS is thus a maternally inherited condition resulting from an imbalance between the mitochondrial and nuclear genomes\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e which leads to abortion of the male gametophyte, typically without affecting the development of the female gametophyte .\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS has been documented in 140 plant species from 47 genera and 20 families\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In maize, three primary types of CMS are recognized: CMS-C (C cytoplasm), CMS-S (S cytoplasm), and CMS-T (T cytoplasm)\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. A male sterile line, often referred to as the CMS \u0026ldquo;A\u0026rdquo; line, is maintained by crossing it with its isogenic fertile counterpart, the maintainer or \u0026ldquo;B\u0026rdquo; line. The B line is self-pollinated like any other maize inbred line to produce seed (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Restorer, or \u0026ldquo;R\u0026rdquo; lines, carry nuclear genes (\u003cem\u003eRf)\u003c/em\u003e specific to each type of male sterile cytoplasm which restore pollen fertility upon crossing\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. This system ensures that the \u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e genes inherited from the male parent, in an F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e hybrid, enable the production of sufficient pollen for producing grain.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eManual or mechanical detasseling remains the primary method for producing hybrid maize seeds, but it is labor-intensive, costly, prone to errors (non-removal of tassel) and can harm plant productivity due to accidental removal of structures like the flag leaf\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Studies have shown that detasseling can reduce seed yield by about 14%, mainly due to leaf loss\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The adoption of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) offers a cost-effective alternative, eliminating the need for detasseling thereby not only saving moderate to high labor costs (a primary \u0026ldquo;use case\u0026rdquo;) but bypassing the dependence on a labour force which can be very scarce at times of critical field operations, and ensuring genetic purity of hybrid seed. This has made CMS particularly valuable for breeding programs where emasculation is challenging and has significantly advanced the use of heterosis in crop improvement\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEffective male sterility systems require the inbred female parent to be 100% sterile, while fertility restoration must be reliably achieved in F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e seeds planted by farmers. Environmental factors, such as temperature and water stress, can influence the \u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e gene expression leading to partial fertility reversion in some genetic backgrounds\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. CMS-T lines are susceptible to Southern Corn Leaf Blight caused by \u003cem\u003eBipolaris\u003c/em\u003e (\u003cem\u003eHelminthosporium\u003c/em\u003e) \u003cem\u003emaydis\u003c/em\u003e race T\u003csup\u003e12, 13\u003c/sup\u003e and CMS-S line sterility is easily affected by climatic factors\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and are hence less favored. CMS-C is increasingly popular in temperate programs because of its stable sterility, resistance to disease, and positive impact on grain yield\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Recent advances include marker-assisted backcrossing to develop improved CMS-C lines more efficiently\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally, proprietary systems like \u003cem\u003eMs44\u003c/em\u003e-SPT have demonstrated a 10% yield increase in hybrid maize in sub-Saharan Africa\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition to maize, CMS/\u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e systems are widely used in various crops for high-efficiency hybrid seed production. Of the \u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e genes, \u003cem\u003eRf4\u003c/em\u003e is a dominant restorer gene for maize CMS-C and has significant value in hybrid maize seed production. However, the complex fertility restoration mechanism of CMS-C complicates the screening of \u003cem\u003eRf4\u003c/em\u003e-restorer lines, constraining its broader adoption due to its scarcity in diverse germplasm\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Addressing this challenge by identifying additional \u003cem\u003eRf4\u003c/em\u003e factors, in a wide array of germplasm, is crucial for expanding the use of CMS-C in hybrid breeding programs. CIMMYT\u0026rsquo;s work\u0026mdash;both globally and in Asia\u0026mdash;is focused on developing and providing access to diverse stress-resilient germplasm, including OPVs and inbred lines, to a network of public and private partners. Stress-resilient germplasm plays an essential role in strengthening national capacities to enhance food security, improve nutritional outcomes, and promote agricultural sustainability. Developing and expanding access to CMS lines, such as those involving \u003cem\u003eRf4\u003c/em\u003e, is integral to this effort, enabling the creation of more resilient hybrid varieties that can address pressing food security and nutritional challenges.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMale sterility in hybrid maize seed production has been used extensively in forming hybrids in the US Corn Belt, China and Brazil while in tropical maize it is largely limited to few hybrids from a couple of large multi-national private sector companies operating in the region with seed occupying less than 3% of the market potential. CMS sources in adapted tropical Asian germplasm were not publicly available until CIMMYT\u0026rsquo;s Global Maize Program started introgressing the male sterile C-cytoplasm into adapted tropical Asian germplasm in 2016 in response to the demand for CMS lines by partners of the International Maize Improvement Consortium for Asia (IMIC-Asia), a CIMMYT-led consortium of public and private partners. IMIC-Asia focuses on breeding maize for specific requirements of identified market segments with periodic distribution of inbred lines to its members. Early versions of diverse introgressions were made available to IMIC-Asia partners in 2020\u0026mdash;marking a significant step toward expanding access to this vital trait and strengthening hybrid breeding efforts in Asia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuilding upon this mandate, the objectives of this study were to (a) sample a set of elite tropical Asia lines to assess variation in nuclear restorers and maintainers, (b) incorporate male sterile cytoplasm from a temperate source into diverse tropical backgrounds to develop donor lines for CIMMYT and its partners, (c) derive stable CMS-C versions of elite and adapted CIMMYT-Asia lines, and (d) expand our understanding of hybrid performances of a wider set of conversions and demonstrate their utility in hybrid combinations across multiple testers in different agroecological conditions, seasons, climatic stresses, years and countries.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.1 CMS Donors\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwo U.S. inbred lines with expired Plant Variety Protection (ex-PVP)\u0026mdash;LP1 CMS HT (a male sterile \u0026ldquo;A\u0026rdquo; Line) and LP1 NR HT (a maintainer \u0026ldquo;B\u0026rdquo; Line) containing \u003cem\u003eCharrua\u003c/em\u003e cytoplasm (Cytoplasm C), were obtained from the U.S. North Central Plant Introduction Station (Ames, IA) in 2014. These lines were developed by Pfister Hybrid Corn Company from a selection related to the Minnesota inbred line A632. The A-line was increased by a pairwise cross to the B-line while the B-line was self-pollinated.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.2 Line Conversion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA set of 88 elite CIMMYT Asia inbred lines from distinct CIMMYT heterotic groups (HG-A \u0026amp; HG-B) were crossed as male to CMS line LP1 CMS HT during the rainy and post-rainy seasons of 2016 and 2017. The resulting single crosses were planted in the following season and each tassel was carefully observed for pollen shedding. Crosses that were fully or partially fertile were eliminated, and only those exhibiting 100% male sterility were selected for backcrossing. The sterile plants from each cross were repeatedly backcrossed for several generations, with pollen shedders eliminated at each stage (noting that during backcrossing, sterility breakdown can occur\u0026mdash;perhaps due to high temperature). This process aimed to develop male sterile BC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es (\u0026ldquo;A\u0026rdquo; lines) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). A total of 27 elite lines [including Parental Line 1 (PL1) from HG-A and Parental Line 2 (PL2) from HG-B] were successfully converted to their BC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e male sterile versions. Hybrid combinations of CMS conversions of PL1 [PL1-CMSL1 to PL1-CMSL8] were used in a head-to-head comparison with its respective non-CMS version described later in the section. In each backcross (BC) generation, the plant of the recurrent parent from which pollen was used to cross to the sterile plant/s, was also self-pollinated and designated as the maintainer for that particular BC line. These maintainer lines of all BC conversions were planted next to the corresponding BCF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003es in the subsequent backcross cycle, and the process was repeated until the desired lines were stabilized.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.3 CMS Inbred Evaluation\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe CMS inbred conversions were evaluated in two experiments: an unreplicated observation nursery [Inbred Trial Set 1 (ITS1)] and a replicated yield trial [Inbred Trial Set (ITS2)]. The unreplicated observation nursery consisting of 112 CMS BC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e or BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e versions of 22 elite inbred lines were evaluated for \u003cem\u003eTurcicum\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Blight (TLB) during the 2022 wet season (July-October) at a disease hot spot (Bengaluru: 12\u0026deg;58\u0026prime;N latitude - and 77\u0026deg;35\u0026prime;E longitude) in single row plots. ITS2 was planted at five environments (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) during the 2024 dry season (December-April) under irrigated conditions as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section and consisted of 13 BC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e or BC\u003csub\u003e7\u003c/sub\u003e CMS lines (PL1-CMSL1 to PL1-CMSL8 and PL2-CMSL1 to PL2-CMSL5), and seven check inbred lines (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCoordinates of the testing environments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" 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align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e547\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSandy Red\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOptimal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWet (2020)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuldhana\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u0026deg;53'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u0026deg;18\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e639\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e842\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOptimal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWet (2022)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMandya\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u0026deg;52'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u0026deg;90\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e678\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRed sandy loam\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e750\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOptimal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWet (2022)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePantnagar\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u0026deg;97'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u0026deg;41\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e244\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eClay loam\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1583\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOptimal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWet (2022)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHyderabad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026deg; 53'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u0026deg; 27'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eManaged Drought\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHyderabad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026deg; 53'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u0026deg; 27'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSandy Red\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOptimal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWet (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNutankal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026deg; 68'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u0026deg; 44'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e602\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSandy Red\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeat Stress\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSummer/ Spring (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDharwad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u0026deg; 48'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74\u0026deg; 98'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e668\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e864\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2023)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHyderabad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026deg; 53'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u0026deg; 27'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e810\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eManaged Drought\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDharwad\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u0026deg; 48'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74\u0026deg; 98'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e668\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeep Black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e864\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3, ITS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNepalgunj\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNepal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u0026deg;03\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81\u0026deg;37\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlluvial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1150\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3, ITS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeddapuram\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u0026deg; 08'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e82\u0026deg;13\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRed Sandy Loam\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1050\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3, ITS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShivamogga\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u0026deg;56\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u0026deg;34\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e569\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRed gravelly clay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e731\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHTS3, ITS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eE16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBuldhana\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIndia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u0026deg;53'\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76\u0026deg;18\u0026prime;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e639\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium black\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e842\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrrigated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDry (2024)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eITS2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePer se\u003c/b\u003e \u003cb\u003eperformance of ITS2 CMS lines across four environments (E12, E13, E14, E16).\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSl No.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLine Code\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eType\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGY (t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSD (days)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2-CMSL1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2-CMSL2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2-CMSL3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2-CMSL4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2-CMSL5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCMS\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCML581\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePL2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCML641A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCML642A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCML643A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCML644A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNon-CMS check\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e84.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLSD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeritability (h\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNumber of environments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.4 Hybrid Evaluations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAgronomic performance of hybrid combinations of CMS conversions were evaluated in three sets of trials conducted from 2020 to 2024. The first hybrid trial set (HTS1) evaluated in 2020 consisted of 27 CMS BC\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e or BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e conversions of three (HG-A: VL107657, VL1110501; HG-B: PL2) elite lines which were crossed to three testers of the opposite group - HG-B (T1, T9, T12). The crosses between the CMS conversions and the testers were made during (rainy 2019 \u0026ndash; July-November) without following a specific crossing design, resulting in lines not being crossed to all testers. In 2020 (wet season - July-November), a total of 42 test crosses along with six non-CMS internal and commercial check hybrids were evaluated under optimal conditions at three environments as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section. The main objective of this trial was to gather preliminary performance data of this new product concept.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe second hybrid trial set (HTS2) evaluated in 2022 consisted of 14 CMS BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e conversions of 6 additional elite lines (HG-A: PL1, VL107859, VL1110517, VL183005; HG-B: VL18223, VL18430) crossed to 11 testers of the opposite group (HG-A: T3; T6, T7, T8, T10; HG-B: T1, T2, T4, T5, T9, T11). The crosses were also made without following a specific mating design hence not all lines were crossed to all testers. A total of 27 test crosses along with 13 non-CMS internal and commercial check hybrids were evaluated under optimum conditions during the wet season (July-November) at three agroecologically diverse environments in two replicates as described in Section 2.5 and its respective sub-section. This experiment was primarily done to expand our understanding of hybrid performances of a wider set of conversions across diverse testers and environments in comparison to commercial checks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe third hybrid trial set (HTS3) consisted of hybrids formed between eight CMS lines selected from HTS2 and two testers of the opposite heterotic group. The mating design was a North Carolina Design II (LxT design), where both testers were crossed with all the eight lines. The 16 F\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e crosses, non-CMS commercialized isogenic hybrid (PL1/T1), and eight internal and commercial checks, were evaluated in two replications in 2023 and 2024 at nine environments (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e) during the wet and dry seasons as described in Section 2.5 and respective sub-sections of how trials were managed. The nine environments used were selected to capture all conditions typically encountered in the target population of environments.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5 Trial Management and Environments\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll trials were conducted in an Alpha lattice design as follows: 32 seeds were sown per entry in each replication having a row length of 4m with spacing of 60 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants within a row. Final plant population (of 83,333 plants ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) was maintained by thinning extra plants and evaluation was carried out for twenty-one plants per entry in each replication. A detailed description of testing environments is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. A diverse set of environments which varied by environments in India and Nepal, season (wet and dry), management (managed drought, heat, optimal, well irrigated), and years was selected for this study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5.1 Managed drought\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost-planting, the recommended crop management schedule was followed up until the crop reached 550 Growing Degree Days (GDDs), at which point irrigation was stopped (approximately two weeks before flowering). Soil moisture was recorded by using PR2/6 profile probe at different depths (10, 20, 30, 40, 60 and 100 cm) at weekly intervals. The drought stress was terminated by resuming irrigation once the soil moisture at a depth of 30\u0026ndash;40 cms reached near permanent wilting point (PWP). Along with soil moisture data, Vapour Pressure Deficit (VPD) was calculated using T\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e after applying the last irrigation. Total accumulated VPD\u0026thinsp;~\u0026thinsp;120.0 kPa from the day after last irrigation to the day of terminating the stress was calibrated and used along with moisture depletion data for taking a decision on terminating the stress.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5.2 Heat Stress\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eHybrids were planted for evaluation in the Spring/Summer of 2023 in such a way that the reproductive growth stage, from tassel emergence to early grain-filling (lag-phase), was exposed to heat stress (T\u003csub\u003emax\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt;35\u0026deg;C, T\u003csub\u003emin\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt;23\u0026deg;C, and RH 35%) in the month of May (rain-free window). Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5.3 Optimal Condition\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrials were evaluated in the rainy/wet season with only lifesaving irrigation/s in the event of a prolonged dry spell. Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.5.4 Irrigated condition\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrial was evaluated under dry/post-rainy season and provided with irrigation at 8\u0026ndash;10 days interval depending on soil type. Recommended agronomic practices were followed throughout the crop cycle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e2.6 Data Recording and Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were collected on each plot for field weight (FW) (weight of dehusked ears), days to anthesis (AD) (50% plants with pollen shedding), days to silking (SD) (50% plants with silk emergence), plant height (PH) (height of a plant from ground level to the base of tassel), ear height (EH) (height of a plant to the base of main ear), number of plants (NP) per plot, number of ears (NE) and number of fertile plants (FP) per plot. TLB scores were recorded on a 1\u0026ndash;9 scale (1\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;immune and 9\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;susceptible) at 15 and 30 days after flowering in the unreplicated observation nursery. Grain yield (GY in tons ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), anthesis-silking interval (ASI in days), and fertility restoration (FR in percentage) were calculated (ratio of number of plants with pollen shedding to the total number of plants per plot). Analysis of variance (ANOVA), adjusted means, heritability, and variance components were estimated using META-R software (Multi-Environment Trial Analysis with R)\u003csup\u003e19\u003c/sup\u003e. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated only for HTS3 using AGD-R software (Analysis of Genetic Designs in R)\u003csup\u003e20\u003c/sup\u003e. The Line by Tester (L\u0026times;T) analysis\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e was done to predict the general combining ability (GCA) of parents and the specific combining ability (SCA) of their crosses\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Head-to-head comparison (Student\u0026rsquo;s T-test) of a CMS hybrid with its non-CMS version was done in HTS3.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3 Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.1 CMS Conversion\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor the CMS conversion process, we selected 88 fixed lines which were parental lines of hybrids that were showing promise in Stages 1 and 2 of hybrid evaluation. Only 38 lines were found to be 100% sterile while 50 lines were restoring fertility after the first cross (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). 27 CMS lines showed stable performance up to BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e while 11 lines produced shedders during subsequent backcrossing generations (BC\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and beyond). After repeated backcrossing, we were able to derive CMS versions of 27 CIMMYT lines. A detailed LxT study was conducted on CMS versions of PL1.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStability of male sterility in CMS inbreds and list of Potential Restorers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eType\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInbred list\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePotential Restorers (Pollen Parents)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVL109250, VL109251, VL109524, VL143906, VL111354, VL108281, VL108303, VL1040, VL1016178, VL1110496, VL1016532, VL1052, KL154670, KL154688, VL133161, VL143903, VL121671, KL153140, KL154685, KL154763, VL13797, VL132985, VL13827-1, VL13827-2, VL13827-3, VL13801, ZL15248, VL108727, VL122591, VL13822, VL154209, VL109288, VL1012766, VL108723, VL1016594, VL1016242, VL1016977, VL1016518, VL121258, KL154714, VL144262, VL144319, VL143991, VL161235, VL109336, VL109853, VL18205, VL18211, KL153063, VL18274\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStable B-lines converted to CMS A (Seed Parents)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVL107657, VL1110501, VL1110514, VL1110517, PL1, PL2, VL109451, VL144234, KL155956, VL108312, VL0512418, VL18434, VL18274, VL183003, VL18430, VL183005, VL18260, VL107859, VL109293, VL058727, KL155982, VL144309, VL109344, VL18442, VL18223, VL107685, VL107992\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eShedders at BC\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and beyond\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eKL154675, VL1012765, VL1018391, VL133756, VL108726, VL108750, VL18447-1, VL18447-2, VL121671, VL109970, VL18202\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.2 Inbred Evaluation\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe results of the inbred observation nursery, summarized in Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, revealed that among the 112 BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003eF\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e CMS lines tested for TLB, 33 were resistant (score 1.0 to \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.0), 27 were moderately resistant (score\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3.0 to 6.0), and 52 were susceptible to TLB (score\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;6.0). CMS conversions PL1-CMSL2, PL1-CMSL3, PL1-CMSL4, PL1-CMSL5, PL1-CMSL7 were resistant, while PL1-CMSL1 and PL1-CMSL8 were moderately resistant, and PL1-CMSL6 was susceptible to TLB. These results indicate successful development of CMS A-lines (seed parent) with C-cytoplasm resistant to TLB, thereby alleviating previous concerns regarding the susceptibility of CMS germplasm to TLB and mitigating risks associated with the T-cytoplasm. Per se yields of CMS conversions of PL1 and PL2 were comparable to their non-CMS versions (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Complementing these results, the inbred trial analysis of variance (Supplementary Table 1) revealed that genotypic and genotype-environment interaction variances were not statistically significant for grain yield, indicating lack of genetic variation between the CMS versions and non-CMS elite lines. These results suggest that the introgression of CMS through backcrossing did not alter grain yield of the developed inbred lines, maintaining their agronomic performance while also selecting for TLB resistance. Thus, a limited diversification of CMS-A lines in Asia tropical germplasm was achieved.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTurcicum\u003c/em\u003e Leaf Blight (TLB) Scores of CMS conversions of ITS1 and ITS2 CMS lines at Bengaluru.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTLB Scores\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMS Lines\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL3, PL1-CMSL4, PL1-CMSL5, PL1-CMSL7, VL21560, VL18223-1, VL21565, VL21567, VL21568, VL21569, VL21574, VL21575, VL21576, VL21582, V1787-79, V1787-81, VL21616\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL2, VL21556, VL21558, VL18223-3, VL21577, VL21583, VL21586, V1787-77, VL21594, VL21609, VL21611, VL107859-5, VL21622, VL21623, VL21633, VL21634\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVL21555, VL21557, VL21589, VL18430-4, VL21599, VL21602, VL21603, VL21612, VL107859-6, VL21619, VL21625, VL21651, V1787-205, V1787-207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL1, PL1-CMSL8, VL21559, VL21605, VL21620\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVL21654, VL21554, VL21604, VL21606, VL21608, VL21617, VL21621, VL21653\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVL21553, VL21624\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL6, VL21561, VL183005-1, VL21563, VL21570, VL21571, VL21572, VL21573, VL21578, VL21579, VL21580, VL21581, VL21584, VL21585, VL21587, VL21588, VL21590, V1787-83, VL21592, VL21593, VL21595, VL21596, VL21598, VL21600, VL21601, VL21607, VL21610, VL21615, VL21618, VL21626, VL21627, VL21628, VL21629, VL21630, VL21631, VL21632, VL21635, VL21636, VL21637, VL107992, VL21639, VL21640, VL21649, VL21650, V1787-209, V1787-211, V1787-213, VL21655, VL21656, VL21657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eTLB disease rating Scale: 1.0 to \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3.0: Resistant, \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;3.0 to 6.0: Moderately resistant, \u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;6.0: Susceptible\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\n \u003ch2\u003e3.3 Hybrid Evaluation\u003c/h2\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBox and whisker plots (Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eA, Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003eB) indicated that the range in yield of CMS hybrids was comparable or better than non-CMS hybrids (including isogenic non-CMS hybrids and commercial checks) across 2\u0026ndash;3 environments. X (horizontal line at the center of the box) represents the mean, the solid box represents 25th -75th percentile and the vertical lines (whiskers) represent the minimum and maximum of the distribution in box and whisker plots. Likewise, Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eA and Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eA indicated comparable to superior performances in yield of CMS hybrids to non-CMS checks across genetic backgrounds in various environments. In particular, CMS derivatives of VL1110501, PL1 and VL18223 had distinct performance advantages across environments. Figure \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003eB and Fig. \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003eB indicated that CMS hybrids formed with diverse testers showed performances either comparable or superior to non-CMS checks across environments. Conversions of VL107859 did not yield good hybrids.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of variance of test crosses of HTS1 (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e) and HTS3 (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e) showed that mean squares for genotypes were significant for the traits GY, AD, and FR which implied that there was ample genetic variance amongst the entries as would be expected in the three different genetic backgrounds of CMS conversions. Genotype x Environment (GxE) interaction was significant for GY in HTS3. A sub-partition of the GxE interaction in HTS3 into line x environment (LxE) and tester x environment (TxE) interactions revealed that the GxE interaction was mostly due to the interaction of lines with environments rather than testers with environments. GxE interaction for AD and FR were significant in HTS1 implying that the extent of fertility restoration of a hybrid varied across environments, precisely emphasizing the need for ascertaining stability in FR of hybrids to be advanced / deployed, as done in this study. Between HTS1, HTS2 (Supplementary Table 2) and HTS3, environmental variation was significant for the traits GY, AD and SD indicating the heterogeneity of the environments selected.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eANOVA of HTS1 evaluated across three environments in India during the wet season of 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSources of variation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf (for GY)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Sum of Squares\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGY (t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAD (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFR (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnvironment (E)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370.2**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e528.2**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGenotype (G)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.7**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e195.1**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eG x E\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.5*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResiduals\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of Environments\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*, ** significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003edf \u0026ndash; degrees of freedom, GY - Grain yield, AD \u0026ndash; Anthesis Date, SD \u0026ndash; Silking Date, FR \u0026ndash; Fertility Restoration Percentage\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eANOVA of HTS3 evaluated across nine environments in India and Nepal during 2023\u0026ndash;2024 wet and dry seasons.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSources of variation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edf\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e(for GY)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean Sum of Squares\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGY (t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAD (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSD (days)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFR (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnvironment (Env)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129.9*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2183.0**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10038.1**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e824.9**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRep(Env)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGenotypes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30482.1**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8422.2**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTester\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104.2**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.2**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e398871.9**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLine:Tester\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6493.3**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnv:Genotypes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnv:Line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnv:Tester\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.9**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.7**\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e518.1*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnv:Line:Tester\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e155.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eResidual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"char\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e219.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of Environments\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e*, ** significant at 0.05 and 0.01 probability levels, respectively.\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003edf \u0026ndash; degrees of freedom, GY - Grain yield, AD \u0026ndash; Anthesis Date, SD \u0026ndash; Silking Date, FR \u0026ndash; Fertility Restoration Percentage\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGeneral combining ability effects of HTS3 are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e. All the CMS lines showed negative GCA effects for the trait FR except PL1-CMSL8 (4.03%). The highest positive GCA effects for GY were as follows: PL1-CMSL4 (0.53 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; managed drought), PL1-CMSL8 (0.73 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - heat stress), and PL1-CMSL3 (0.51 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - optimal). PL1-CMSL7 had positive GCA effects on GY under all environments with the highest significant GCA effects for GY of 0.43 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e under irrigated conditions and 0.38 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e across environments, while it had the second highest GCA effect under heat stress (0.58 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e). Its GCA for FR was negative, but non-significant (-6.22%) but was still higher than many entries (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). PL1-CMSL7 was thus deemed to be the best CMS version of PL1. Highest positive SCA effects for GY were as follows: CMSH9, (0.31 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; across environments), CMSH7 (0.86 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; managed drought), CMSH11 (0.50 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; heat), CMSH12 (1.34 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - optimal), and CMSH9 (0.37 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; irrigated) (Supplementary Table\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eGeneral combining ability effects of inbred lines and testers for various traits in HTS3.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003eThe top yielding hybrids were: CMSH14 (6.46 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; managed drought), hybrid CMSH11 (2.67 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - heat stress), CMSH4 (8.46 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; optimum), and CMSH14 (8.73 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - irrigated) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). All CMS hybrids with tester T2 had low fertility restoration ranging from 0.8% to 22% across all the environments, despite generally higher grain yield under different managements. Conversely, CMS hybrids with tester T1 showed good fertility restoration ranging from 89.6% to 96.8% across environments. Considering good grain yield with ample fertility restoration, the highest ranking hybrids were CMSH7 (5.42 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - managed drought), CMSH11 (2.67 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - heat stress), CMSH5 (8.31 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026ndash; optimal), and CMSH13 (8.29 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e - irrigated); all combinations with T1. This result indicated that T1 can be used as a potential restorer in a hybrid breeding program while T2 could be a potential maintainer for CMS line development. This also revealed that the heterotic groups can be formed based on the presence of maintainer versus restorer genes in the germplasm.\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean performance and restoration of male fertility of CMS hybrids (HTS3) evaluated across 9 environments in 2023 and 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHybrid\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e#Line\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e#Tester\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGY (t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFertility Restoration (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eManaged Drought (E7, E11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeat Stress (E9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOptimal (E8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIrrigated (E10, E12, E13, E14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAcross\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStd. dev.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.25\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.27\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.22\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.59\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e76.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e74.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1-CMSL8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePL1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e68.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e67.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMin.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.51\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMax.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.67\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLSD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeritability (h\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber of environments\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2023, 2024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH13 ranked first under irrigation (8.29 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e), second under managed drought (4.55 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and third under heat stress condition (1.34 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) with fertility restoration of 96.7% (the second highest among all CMS hybrids) (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e) implying that the hybrid CMSH13 would be the best candidate for advancement and validating the choice of its seed parent PL1-CMSL7 in future crosses. This was supported by its high SCA for GY under optimal (0.27 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) and across environments (0.14 t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e) with an SCA for fertility restoration (8.39% - highest among all the hybrids). Head-to-head comparison between CMSH13 (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e) and its corresponding non-CMS hybrid (PL1/T1) over seven environments revealed a performance advantage ranging from \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;2.4% to 28.7%, with an average superiority of 9.9%. In this study, the performance comparison of CMS vs non-CMS hybrids across environments yielded a p-value of the t-test of 0.059, indicating a statistically significant superiority of the CMS hybrid at \u0026alpha;\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.1. Environments selected spanned diverse agroecologies, soil types (red and black, sandy to clay), management conditions which included irrigated, drought, heat, and rainfed systems, in different cropping seasons (dry and wet) across years (2023 and 2024) in two countries (India and Nepal). Importantly, the CMS hybrid had good average fertility restoration of 96.7% across environments with the lowest at 84.9% in Environment 10 as described in (Table \u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003ctable id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\" class=\"fr-table-selection-hover\"\u003e\n \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\n \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eHead-to-head comparison of best CMS hybrid (CMSH13) with its non-CMS isogenic hybrid H1 for grain yield across seven environments.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n \u003c/caption\u003e\n \u003cthead\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGY (t ha\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEnvironment Code\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCMSH13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eH1 (non-CMS isogenic version of CMSH13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDifference\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGY % superiority\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/th\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/thead\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.97\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eE14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-0.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-2.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eT-test (probability)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.059*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAverage\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0.6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9.9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003ctfoot\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003e* significant at 0.1 probability level\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eGY - Grain yield in tons per hectare\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tfoot\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"4 Discussion","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.1 Diversity and stability of male sterility in CMS inbreds\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study we developed tropical C-cytoplasm CMS seed parents from a temperate germplasm source and demonstrated their utility and stability across a range of genetic backgrounds and environments. While the absence of nuclear restorer genes (which are dominant) in an inbred line being converted renders its BC generation sterile (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) it is quite common to see the expression of fertility in backcross generations (referred to as \u0026ldquo;shedders\u0026rdquo;) has been attributed to minor restoration factors (as no known major fertility restorer has been introduced in the process) triggered by environmental effects. Hence, the stability of CMS is key to its utility in commercial hybrid seed production to ensure the purity of the hybrid seed produced. The stable sterility of CMS lines developed in this study (after screening and observing pollen shed in multiple seasons in seed increase nurseries and evaluation in multi-environment trials) was demonstrated in a range of environments. This is the first such report for tropical maize and is especially relevant in the Asian context as countries are looking to reduce seed imports while in-country seed production is being increasingly emphasized to ensure seed-security. In the Indian context, 90% of 220,000 metric tons of maize seed production happens in the coastal region of the state of Andhra Pradesh and national partners and the seed sector are looking to diversify seed production environments. Any future research should focus on genomic and metabolomic approaches to identify minor restoration factors which would help in developing more robust CMS systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondly, CMS-seed parental lines of the limited number of male sterile hybrids in the Asian market are believed to have poor local adaptability, a point that has been addressed in this study through the introgression of the CMS trait in a range of Asia-adapted genetic backgrounds. As reported, 27 CMS lines showed stable performance at BC\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e many of which have already been distributed through IMIC-Asia. This sets the stage for the identification of potential B and R lines across a wider set of genotypes as follow up research.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec19\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.2 Stability of fertility restoration in CMS-based hybrids\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile this study identified some lines with good restoration, molecular and phenotypic validation of restoration factors using a large set of CIMMYT lines is in progress. Of the 12 restoration factors identified in maize, our focus is on \u003cem\u003eRf4\u003c/em\u003e\u003csup\u003e23\u003c/sup\u003e as a line of future work which has been primarily found to restore fertility of C-cytoplasm. It should be noted that in CMS hybrids, the full potential production of grain can be achieved with less than 100% fertility restoration. It is a known industry practice to blend CMS hybrids with their isogenic non-CMS counterparts in commercially sold seed. Breeders have indicated that blended hybrids are 50% CMS and 50% isogenic normal hybrid\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, while this proportion could vary between 30\u0026ndash;70%. To ensure commercial viability of CMS systems with \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;100% FR, CMS hybrids should have little or no blending \u0026ndash; an aspect of field research that has been initiated for the many promising CIMMYT CMS hybrids.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.3 Grain productivity, seed production costs, and dependence on labour\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe have shown a 9.9% grain yield advantage of CMSH13 over its non-CMS isogenic counterpart; a huge yield gain realized through the use of a single gene. This is in line with Collinson, Hamdziripi \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e who reported a 10% increase in maize grain yield of CMS hybrids in sub-Saharan Africa, a yield benefit provided by a CMS hybrid with 50% fertility restoration. While more comparisons of performances of CMS hybrids with their corresponding non-CMS counterparts would validate and strengthen this trend, at the outset CMS hybrids promise to provide significant economic benefits to maize grain farmers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLimited studies and technical manuals have reported that detasseling accounts for roughly 15\u0026ndash;20% of total hybrid maize seed production costs globally which in India it is at least 10%,\u003csup\u003e25, 26, 27\u003c/sup\u003e. Besides reducing the dependence on scarce labour and its associated costs, a distinct 14% increase in seed yield by CMS inbreds during hybrid seed production was demonstrated by Collinson, Cairns \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e in Africa. Validating such a potential through seed production pilots would be valuable to the Asian seed industry. Tropical maize area in South and South-East Asia is estimated to be at least 25\u0026nbsp;million ha, translating to about 25,000 hectares in seed production area. While Collinson, Hamdziripi \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e used the dominant male sterile \u003cem\u003eMs44\u003c/em\u003e-SPT system to show the benefit of male sterility for farmers in Africa, this is the first report in Asia of use of C-cytoplasm for the successful development of a stable CMS hybrid superior to its non-CMS version across a range of environments which includes severe managed drought and heat stresses.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.4 Intellectual Property (IP) Protection\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eInbred parental seed increase and formation of single cross females (for use in producing three-way cross hybrids) usually happens on fields under the direct control of seed companies (either through land ownership or land leased) wherein adequate fencing and security is provided to prevent trespassers (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Certified hybrid seed production moves to (contracted) farmers\u0026rsquo; fields where watch-and-ward security is not guaranteed. It is recognized practice across the globe to chop down rows of male plants in hybrid seed production plots, soon after pollination, in order to protect one half of the hybrid IP. However, in many parts of the world, rampant loss of IP has been reported due to theft of seed (either before planting or even soon after - by trespassers digging out planted seed) or due to illegal transfer / hand over of a sample; something that is reportedly rampant in the Asian region. Although most countries have IP protection laws to prevent such pilferage, its implementation is questionable and may be varied. Where three-way crosses are produced (as in Eastern and Southern Africa), the IP of single-cross females are inherently protected. In contrast, IP of both parents of a single-cross are exposed to IP drain. Use of CMS systems gives an opportunity to protect the IP of the seed parent as its maintenance happens on-station by crossing it with the B-line, the access to which is controlled by the legal owner. In other words, even if male sterile parental A-lines seed samples are illegally passed over by the contract seed farmer, they cannot be multiplied without a maintainer, thus protecting the IP of the female side of the hybrid. While this study does not directly address the point being made here, we opine that this could become an important use-case of male sterility in the industry.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e4.5 Heterotic separation and discipline\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe streamlining of US corn belt germplasm groups largely into distinct heterotic groups, mainly the stiff-stalks (BSSS) and the non-stiff stalks (NSSS), has guided temperate breeding for the last 75 years. In comparison, tropical maize has had a shorter history of hybrid improvement of about 30 years, is exposed to a gamut of abiotic and biotic stresses and, is wider in diversity (and so are the possible groups of lines that could give heterosis). Most of the increase of tropical maize area in the last two decades has been in Asia where much of the breeding in the public and the private small and medium sized enterprises has been based on derivation of lines by selfing heterotic (commercial) hybrids, a strategy that gives lines with only a small chance of combining well with other available lines within breeding programs. Such dependence on \u0026ldquo;chance heterosis\u0026rdquo; coupled with poor record keeping, lack of data management systems, staff turnover, a lack of commitment and motivation to manage data and pedigrees, inadequate research funding (in the public sector), use of multiple heterotic groups (where it exists) has plagued tropical maize improvement and rendered it chaotic. Although CIMMYT has played its part in demonstrating the importance of heterotic grouping and the systematic need to tame the diversity of tropical maize, abuse of heterotic patterns \u0026ndash; that of deriving new inbred lines from across group crosses \u0026ndash; persists, mainly due to a lack of intent and effort in applying the concept. Firstly, with the use of CMS a very clear and objective heterotic pattern of B (maintainer) versus R (restorer) is inherently determined by the presence / absence of \u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e factors (unlike in non-CMS systems where the classification of heterotic groups is based on an interpretation of combining abilities for grain yield which can tend towards subjectivity). With an established CMS system, any attempt to derive new inbred lines derived from B x R crosses would eventually hinder the conversion of seed parents of successful hybrids due to the presence of \u003cem\u003eRf\u003c/em\u003e factors in female lines as a result of this intermixing of pools; thus automatically enforcing respect for the B vs R grouping. In pearl millet, molecular diversity studies in addition to the presence / absence of nuclear restorer genes has guided the classification of breeding lines into two broad-based heterotic pools\u0026mdash;B-lines (seed parents) and R-lines (restorers) \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Hence we believe that, in order to better exploit the diversity of tropical maize and enhance heterosis and genetic gains over a period of time, the separation of lines into female (B or maintainer) and male (R or Restorer) groups would force breeding crosses to be made only within such groups, a discipline easy to break if parental lines were amenable to be used either as female or male as in non-CMS pools. In developing and distributing commercially viable CMS lines in a gamut of genetic backgrounds presented in this study, we believe that a strategic possibility for moving towards an objective B vs R heterotic grouping, exists in maize. This study sets the stage for the development of CMS systems in a larger array of maize germplasm, not only that of CIMMYT but of other public and proprietary private sector germplasm as more partners begin the use of tropicalized CMS donor base developed by CIMMYT and presented here.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThrough this study:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA portfolio of CMS-A seed parents and tropicalized CMS donors of diverse genetic backgrounds having stable \u003cem\u003eper se\u003c/em\u003e performance for grain yield across various environments in India and Nepal was developed.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eStable and consistent performance of genetically diverse CMS-C inbred seed parental lines in multiple tester combinations was proven across a range of environments (diverse agroecologies across India and Nepal, different seasons, varied managed stresses and crop management and across years).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA CMS hybrid superior in performance (9.9% grain yield advantage) to its isogenic non-CMS combination was identified.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eA set of restorers suitable as pollen parents was identified.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCRediT authorship contribution statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatish A. Takalkar –\u0026nbsp;Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS. Murali Mohan - Investigation, Methodology, Data curation, Formal analysis, Supervision\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP. Nagesh - Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Visualization, Writing – original draft,\u0026nbsp;Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eT. Dhliwayo – Sourcing of CMS donor germplasm, Methodology, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP. Bhaskara Naidu - Investigation, Supervision\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eS.C. Boregowda - Investigation, Supervision\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRajashekar M. Kachapur - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDinesh G. Kanwade - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eP. Mahadevu - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eN.K. Singh - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSudhir Kumar Injeti - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eManjunatha B. Kariganur - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSantosh K. Pattanashetti - Investigation, Supervision, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eB.G. Ravindra - Investigation, Supervision\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBindiganavile S. Vivek - Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Supervision, Formal analysis, Validation, Visualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition, Resources, Writing – original draft, Writing – review \u0026amp; editing\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of Competing Interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements and Funding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to acknowledge the funding received from various sources for research and publication of this article: International Maize Improvement Consortium for Asia (IMIC-Asia), CGIAR Research Program (CRP) MAIZE and the CGIAR Accelerated Breeding Initiative. The contribution of Desika Saravanan in generating R-scripts for box and whisker plots is acknowledged.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData Statement\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData will be made available on request through Dataverse.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNeuffer MG, Coe EH, Wessler SR. \u003cem\u003eMutants of maize\u003c/em\u003e. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (1997)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTouzet P, Budar F. Unveiling the molecular arms race between two conflicting genomes in cytoplasmic male sterility? \u003cem\u003eTrends Plant Sci\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e, 568-570 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2004.10.001\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLaser KD, Lersten NR. 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From implications in enhancing global genetic gains to addressing issues of labour availability and rising wages, the technology reveals opportunities for intellectual property protection and region-wide taming of diversity of tropical Asian maize germplasm by imposing a heterotic discipline. \u0026nbsp;A set of 88 diverse elite CIMMYT Asia maize inbred lines converted to CMS using a temperate donor, were evaluated for stable p\u003cem\u003eer se\u003c/em\u003e performance for grain yield, male sterility and \u003cem\u003eTurcicum \u003c/em\u003eLeaf Blight resistance. Performances of hybrids of varied genetic backgrounds across diverse environments -- seasons, years, agroecologies, countries, abiotic- and biotic stresses -- established a stable and robust diversification process which included the identification of potential maintainers and restorers that will benefit researchers, the seed industry and farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Diverse and Stable Male Sterile Tropical Asian Maize Hybrids Reveal Grain Yield Increases","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-09-29 19:50:35","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7582507/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-14T05:48:33+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T19:28:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T15:29:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-09T08:03:08+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"79940259360001658894197348865802852373","date":"2025-10-04T23:48:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"8882546951077710296535467651139628003","date":"2025-09-26T10:20:46+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"53084727434632352847117633483777821512","date":"2025-09-18T06:06:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T03:38:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-18T02:17:10+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-16T05:02:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-12T12:39:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-09-10T11:36:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"cd245ef8-74b6-4a1e-a550-4015011c93da","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 29th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":55462105,"name":"Biological sciences/Genetics"},{"id":55462106,"name":"Biological sciences/Plant sciences"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-08T15:59:20+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-7582507","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29738-0","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-12-05 15:57:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"December 5th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-09-29 19:50:35","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-29738-0","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-29738-0","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7582507","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7582507","identity":"rs-7582507","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}