Effectiveness of Project-based Learning and Design Thinking Model in Entrepreneruship Education Among Teacher Education Students

Effectiveness of Project-based Learning and Design Thinking Model in Entrepreneruship Education Among Teacher Education Students | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Effectiveness of Project-based Learning and Design Thinking Model in Entrepreneruship Education Among Teacher Education Students Christian Lloyd D. Taguba This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7919514/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 14 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study evaluated the effectiveness of an integrated Project-Based Learning (PBL) and Design Thinking Model in an Entrepreneurial Management course for Teacher Education students at Isabela State University. Using a descriptive-comparative method, the findings indicated high student satisfaction with the instructor and organization, yet identified a need for improvement in stimulating deeper student interest and providing timely feedback on project work. Comparative analysis revealed significant gender differences, with male students reporting greater confidence in business model development, as well as program-specific disparities in satisfaction. The study recommends enhancing the structure of practical activities, improving feedback mechanisms, and employing gender-sensitive, program-specific strategies to optimize the development of entrepreneurial competencies among all future educators. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 05 Feb, 2026 Reviews received at journal 31 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 21 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 27 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 26 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 26 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 08 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 03 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 01 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7919514","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":566415027,"identity":"6222cd26-1920-45b8-9590-218dbeabac97","order_by":0,"name":"Christian Lloyd D. 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