A new two-step robust strategy for estimating the line of sight rate of optical seekers having time delay

A new two-step robust strategy for estimating the line of sight rate of optical seekers having time delay | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A new two-step robust strategy for estimating the line of sight rate of optical seekers having time delay Jalal Karimi, Saeid Mohammadnejad, Alireza Babaie This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4412958/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering → Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The current research is dedicated to line-of-sight rate estimation for a pitch-yaw gimballed imaging infrared seeker mechanism. The line of sight rate estimation problem has a highly nonlinear dynamic that is affected by various error sources such as measurement noise, significant coupling of vehicle channels, and time-delayed seeker detector measurements along with unknown target maneuvers. In order to consider these error sources, a new line-of-sight rate estimation approach is proposed via a two-step strategy. In the first step, an adaptive discrete-time super-twisting observer with an arbitrary convergence time approach is proposed that estimates line of sight rate, in presence of all errors except the delay. In the second step, a delay compensator is presented based on Super-Twisting Observer method to compensate the seeker delay. To increase the estimation accuracy, nonlinear dynamic equations are used and the simulations are implemented to a Software-In the-Loop test bed. The superiority of proposed approach is approved via various simulations and comparison with previously presented methods. Imaging infrared seeker line of sight rate estimation super twisting sliding mode observer delay compensation Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Feb, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering → Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 19 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Jun, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 16 May, 2024 First submitted to journal 13 May, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4412958","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":316285664,"identity":"537573f9-bc44-4f1e-a1fe-6bac5a9dcad5","order_by":0,"name":"Jalal Karimi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACCSA+wGDAwMwPE2EjWotkAwNjA9FawMDgAFQLQSDZfvbhoRsFDOzG186YP2CosWPgkz6AX4s0T7rB4Rygw8xu5xg2MBxLZmDjS8CvRY4hjQFJC9sBBjYeAg6T438G0WI8G6TlHxFapCWgthhIA7UwthGhRXIG1BaJ22mFMxL7knkIapE4n8b8OecPQzL/7OQNHz58s5OT7yGgBQr+J4OpBAYGQnYggB3RKkfBKBgFo2DkAQCr8TYFPfVizwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2777-7517","institution":"Malek-Ashtar University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jalal","middleName":"","lastName":"Karimi","suffix":""},{"id":316285665,"identity":"c9374201-7b0b-4fc3-b457-171c7b65c30e","order_by":1,"name":"Saeid Mohammadnejad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malek-Ashtar University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saeid","middleName":"","lastName":"Mohammadnejad","suffix":""},{"id":316285666,"identity":"d539c869-ac97-409f-8ebe-8f994904873d","order_by":2,"name":"Alireza Babaie","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Malek-Ashtar University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alireza","middleName":"","lastName":"Babaie","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-05-13 11:35:02","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4412958/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4412958/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40430-025-05412-4","type":"published","date":"2025-02-24T15:56:55+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":77622378,"identity":"ea03a04c-5ec9-4f1f-b8ef-09af061141fb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-03-03 16:05:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3081225,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ManuscriptwithoutNames.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4412958/v1_covered_18f72e5c-9945-4b2d-af6b-c8bab17b0d06.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"A new two-step robust strategy for estimating the line of sight rate of optical seekers having time delay","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-the-brazilian-society-of-mechanical-sciences-and-engineering","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"bmse","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering](http://link.springer.com/journal/40430)","snPcode":"40430","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/bmse/default2.aspx","title":"Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Imaging infrared seeker, line of sight rate estimation, super twisting sliding mode observer, delay compensation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4412958/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4412958/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe current research is dedicated to line-of-sight rate estimation for a pitch-yaw gimballed imaging infrared seeker mechanism. 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