Assessing the Predictive Validity and Reliability of the DASS-21, PHQ-9 and GAD-7 in an Indonesian Sample

Anxiety and depression continue to be major issues in developing countries. Despite this, anxiety and depression research are still lacking. A necessary tool to conduct quality research is validated and reliable measurements. In this study, we assess the predictive validity and reliability of three frequently used tools in the literature in an Indonesian population: the Participant Health Questionnaire 9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7, and the depression and anxiety subscales of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale 21. In the study, 409 participants completed a questionnaire containing these three measurements. McDonald’s Omega reliability analyses found that all three questionnaires had good internal reliability (ω ≥ 0.785) and using the Hopkins Self-Checklist 25 (a previously validated questionnaire in an Indonesian population), there was extreme evidence that each tool predicted the corresponding HSCL subscale (BF10 ≥ 1.191 x 1026, R2 ≥ 0.268). Therefore, we provide initial evidence for the validity and reliability of these questionnaires in an Indonesian population.