Job Retention Schemes in Europe Italy

During the COVID-19 pandemic all the EU Member States established some kind of job retention scheme to cushion the employment effects of the economic crisis. While all job retention schemes share this general objective, they differ considerably as regards their institutional design and underlying functional logic. The aim of this article is to analyse the relevant system in Italy, with a particular focus on the role of collective bargaining and employee representation structures in the design and implementation of job retention schemes.