Mass Transfer Characteristics of Cantaloupe Seed and Peel during Microwave and Convective Drying for Further Waste Valorization

Mass Transfer Characteristics of Cantaloupe Seed and Peel during Microwave and Convective Drying for Further Waste Valorization | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Mass Transfer Characteristics of Cantaloupe Seed and Peel during Microwave and Convective Drying for Further Waste Valorization Ozgun Guzdemir, Fatma Acar, Rabia Kaya This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Cantaloupe byproducts, seeds and peels are valuable waste products. Recently, these have been commercialized due to their health promoting effects in foods and cosmetics. This study investigated the drying behaviour of cantaloupe seeds and peels with two different drying techniques: convective hot-air drying (CD) and microwave drying (MWD). Drying experiments were carried out at air temperatures of 50-60-70\(\:℃\) for CD and at microwave power levels of 180-300-450 W for MWD. Increasing temperature and microwave power reduced the drying time. MWD shortened the total drying duration by up to 70–80% compared with CD. For both byproducts, the drying process occurred entirely in the ‘falling rate’ period, so internal moisture diffusion governed the mass transfer mechanism. Among the thin-layer models evaluated, the Midilli model provided the best goodness of fit for both seeds and peels (\(\:{R}_{adj}^{2}\)= 0.997–0.999 and RMSE = 0.002–0.018), whereas the Wang-Singh and Lewis models showed the weakest agreement with the experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity values increased with temperature and power level and ranged from 4.2 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 9 to 8.2 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 9 m²/s for seeds and 2.0 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 to 6.0 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 m²/s for peels under CD, while 4.0 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 to 7.8 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 m²/s (seeds) and 1.0 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 to 4.0 \(\:\times\:\) 10 − 10 m²/s (peels) were obtained under MWD. Peel samples consistently exhibited lower \(\:{D}_{eff}\) and higher activation energy than seeds. This shows peels’ higher resistance to moisture migration. Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8467497","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":588572805,"identity":"cfafeee6-3d39-425b-b6ee-0d63d7f07632","order_by":0,"name":"Ozgun Guzdemir","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABA0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHCDBBCyYWA4AGTzkKAlDa5FgjgtDAyHCWvh5z9+TbqAoTZxfnvy0Q0P95yX57uRwPjgbRtDnXkDdi2SDWfKpGcwHE9s7HmWdiPh2W3DmTcSmA3ntjFIyBzArsXgYE+aNA/DscRmiRyzGwkHbjNuuJHAJs0L1ILLZQaHeSBa2iTyvwG1nLMHamH/jVfLMfZjQC01iT0SOWxALQcSQbYw49Mi2cPDbM1jcMB4Bs8zkMOSk2eeedgsOeechOQM3CH28DZPRZ0sMMSe3fxxwM6273jywQ9vymz4cUcMjwHIR8gijA0M+GOS/QGQqMOjYBSMglEwCkY8AABh9V0SejV7awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Adnan Menderes University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ozgun","middleName":"","lastName":"Guzdemir","suffix":""},{"id":588572806,"identity":"d1f284b4-feb4-4cfa-95ad-c7aeaabc033f","order_by":1,"name":"Fatma Acar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Adnan Menderes University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatma","middleName":"","lastName":"Acar","suffix":""},{"id":588572807,"identity":"b5216854-c8ca-4b51-b243-c9f75ec0ae1e","order_by":2,"name":"Rabia Kaya","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Adnan Menderes University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rabia","middleName":"","lastName":"Kaya","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-28 19:23:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":107480551,"identity":"cd98fc64-904d-4904-b54b-b106f1fa9409","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-22 02:12:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":674300,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"28122025CanPeelSeedManuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8467497/v1_covered_c3e7ecbc-a1e6-4b64-afd9-f474b18264fe.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Mass Transfer Characteristics of Cantaloupe Seed and Peel during Microwave and Convective Drying for Further Waste Valorization","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eCantaloupe byproducts, seeds and peels are valuable waste products. Recently, these have been commercialized due to their health promoting effects in foods and cosmetics. This study investigated the drying behaviour of cantaloupe seeds and peels with two different drying techniques: convective hot-air drying (CD) and microwave drying (MWD). Drying experiments were carried out at air temperatures of 50-60-70\\(\\:℃\\) for CD and at microwave power levels of 180-300-450 W for MWD. Increasing temperature and microwave power reduced the drying time. MWD shortened the total drying duration by up to 70–80% compared with CD. For both byproducts, the drying process occurred entirely in the ‘falling rate’ period, so internal moisture diffusion governed the mass transfer mechanism. Among the thin-layer models evaluated, the Midilli model provided the best goodness of fit for both seeds and peels (\\(\\:{R}_{adj}^{2}\\)= 0.997–0.999 and RMSE = 0.002–0.018), whereas the Wang-Singh and Lewis models showed the weakest agreement with the experimental data. The effective moisture diffusivity values increased with temperature and power level and ranged from 4.2 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 9\u003c/sup\u003e to 8.2 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 9\u003c/sup\u003e m²/s for seeds and 2.0 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e to 6.0 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e m²/s for peels under CD, while 4.0 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e to 7.8 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e m²/s (seeds) and 1.0 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e to 4.0 \\(\\:\\times\\:\\) 10\u003csup\u003e− 10\u003c/sup\u003e m²/s (peels) were obtained under MWD. Peel samples consistently exhibited lower \\(\\:{D}_{eff}\\) and higher activation energy than seeds. This shows peels’ higher resistance to moisture migration.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mass Transfer Characteristics of Cantaloupe Seed and Peel during Microwave and Convective Drying for Further Waste Valorization","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-04-16 03:27:58","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8467497/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90518970-8b3a-4dc6-8502-6faa08ae9e3c","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 16th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-05-13T13:32:08+00:00","index":24,"fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-16T03:27:58+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-16 03:27:58","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8467497","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8467497","identity":"rs-8467497","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}