Impact of COVID-19 on Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Examining the Influence of in-Person and Telehealth Intervention on Outcomes Using Real-World Data

Background: Telehealth services have experienced a rapid implementation in addiction centres in the aftermath of the COVID pandemic. Several studies highlight the usefulness of telehealth activities. However, there are relatively fewer studies using real-world data, evaluating its effectiveness across different moments in time. The present study analyse the evolution, patient profile and effectiveness of an hybrid care modality (in-person and telehealth) versus an only in-person patient care modality. Methods: Retrospective observational study with data collected between 03/14/2019 and 06/21/2023. The electronic health records of 44930 patients were analysed according to different moments, selected based on the different health measures imposed by the COVID pandemic. Patients were classified according to whether they received an in-person or hybrid intervention. Bivariate statistics and logistic regression analysis were applied. Results: The trend over time shows an increase in the number of patients seen in addiction centres. However, there are no notable changes within the in-person care modality, and a modest increase in telehealth services is observed. Telehealth is primarily used among patients with opiate addiction, as well as with those with comorbid mental disorders. Logistic regression analysis shows that patients in a hybrid modality are more likely to remain in treatment. Conclusions: The study shows that hybrid care is associated with higher patient’s retention rates. Despite this, different profiles are mostly treated with in-person interventions rather than on hybrid modalities. Future studies should look further into how to personalize hybrid care so that it becomes more widespread among SUD patients.