A Review on the Process of Greenhouse Gas Inventory Preparation and Proposed Mitigation Measures for Reducing Carbon Footprint

Greenhouse gases (GHGs) trap heat in the atmosphere, causing the Earth's surface temperature to rise. The main GHGs are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Human activities are increasing GHG concentrations rapidly, which is causing global climate change. Global climate change is increasing environmental and public health problems. To reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, identify where the emissions are coming from, develop a plan to reduce them, and then implement and monitor the plan to ensure that emissions are actually reduced. Anthropogenic global climate change has large and increasingly adverse economic effects. Cities emit the most GHGs due to fossil fuel burning and power usage. The four major GHG emitters are energy, transportation, waste management, and urban land use sectors. Organizations should prepare action plans to lower their GHG emissions and stop the worst consequences of climate change. These action plans require companies and local authorities to submit their GHG emissions reports on a yearly basis. A GHG emissions management system includes several processes and tools created by organizations to understand, measure, monitor, report, and validate their GHG emissions. Two of the most widely adapted frameworks for GHG inventory reporting are ISO 14064 and the GHG Protocol. This review paper aims to identify some of the key points of GHG inventory preparation and mitigation strategies.