Innovative multi-phase corrective redispatch framework for restoration of voltage, frequency, and line limits under N-2 contingencies

Innovative multi-phase corrective redispatch framework for restoration of voltage, frequency, and line limits under N-2 contingencies | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Innovative multi-phase corrective redispatch framework for restoration of voltage, frequency, and line limits under N-2 contingencies Far Chen Jong, Musse Mohamud Ahmed This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9502431/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Voltage, system frequency, and line loading are critical for power system security, especially under severe N-2 transmission line outages. Such contingencies can cause voltage violations, branch overloads, and frequency deviations, threatening system stability. Conventional contingency analyses are largely diagnostic and lack systematic corrective actions. This paper proposes a innovative multi-phase generator re-dispatch framework to mitigate operational violations following N-2 line tripping. A base-case AC power flow is established using MATPOWER, and N-2 contingencies are simulated by removing selected branches, generating during-contingency states with limit violations. An AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is then formulated to re-dispatch generators while enforcing voltage limits, generator capacities, and line thermal ratings. The fmincon interior-point solver was proposed and integrated into the framework to obtain the solution. System frequency deviation is analytically estimated from active power imbalances, enabling steady-state frequency assessment without dynamic simulation. Results on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 118-bus test systems show all buses achieve full voltage compliance (100%) for all 8 cases, with the highest improvements of 78.57% for voltage, 16.67% for branch overload relief, and 0.166Hz for frequency, while maintaining execution times below 4.5 seconds, demonstrating a efficient and scalable decision-support tool for enhancing power system resilience. Decision support N-2 contingencies Optimal power flow Corrective redispatch Voltage frequency and line limit restoration Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9502431","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":628740270,"identity":"6e55dd3b-7edf-442c-8895-3455e16b4dfe","order_by":0,"name":"Far Chen Jong","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACxgYgUcFgwwPlMxOp5QxDGg9UNRFawOAMw2EG4rUwt/cefnGg5rwMf/v5wx8YKqwTG8TOGOB3WM+5NIsDx27zSJxJZpNgOJOe2CCdQ0DLjBwz448Nt3kMGJLZGBjbDhOnxeBgwzkeA/7HzB8Y/xGnxfjBwYYDPAYSyQwSjA3EaOk5Y8Zw4Fgyj8SNx2YSCcfSjduk0wrwajFs7zH+cKDGzp6/P/Hxhw811rL90skb8GtpYAAGFAwkADEbAwd+h8kDo+YDmhj7A7xaRsEoGAWjYMQBAN7ERot1mPHNAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"i-CATS University College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Far","middleName":"Chen","lastName":"Jong","suffix":""},{"id":628740271,"identity":"aa9b3b4c-8701-46bb-8b81-9beb116e11c9","order_by":1,"name":"Musse Mohamud Ahmed","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universal University of Science, Engineering \u0026 Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Musse","middleName":"Mohamud","lastName":"Ahmed","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-04-23 05:23:26","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9502431/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9502431/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108803778,"identity":"f4bc82cd-3e22-40ad-b5d4-3a69e4ee3d17","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-08 15:06:42","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1208951,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9502431/v1_covered_d1f17a39-e888-49c4-9f26-b2ab847c7ab4.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Innovative multi-phase corrective redispatch framework for restoration of voltage, frequency, and line limits under N-2 contingencies","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Decision support, N-2 contingencies, Optimal power flow, Corrective redispatch, Voltage, frequency, and line limit restoration","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9502431/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9502431/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eVoltage, system frequency, and line loading are critical for power system security, especially under severe N-2 transmission line outages. Such contingencies can cause voltage violations, branch overloads, and frequency deviations, threatening system stability. Conventional contingency analyses are largely diagnostic and lack systematic corrective actions. This paper proposes a innovative multi-phase generator re-dispatch framework to mitigate operational violations following N-2 line tripping. A base-case AC power flow is established using MATPOWER, and N-2 contingencies are simulated by removing selected branches, generating during-contingency states with limit violations. An AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is then formulated to re-dispatch generators while enforcing voltage limits, generator capacities, and line thermal ratings. The fmincon interior-point solver was proposed and integrated into the framework to obtain the solution. System frequency deviation is analytically estimated from active power imbalances, enabling steady-state frequency assessment without dynamic simulation. 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