Differential contributions of nuclear lamina association and genome compartmentalization to gene regulation

ABSTRACT Interactions of chromatin with the nuclear lamina play a significant role in properly organizing the genome in 3D space and in regulating gene expression. Genome wide studies have inferred the global association between the lamina, heterochromatin, gene repression and the B genomic compartment, and repositioning genes to the lamina can result in their repression. However, there are scenarios in which these features are discordant and, in those cases, the relative contribution to gene regulation of genomic compartment, chromatin, and lamin association status can be examined. Here we compared datasets from cell lines representing different states of differentiation across different cell type lineages to examine the relationships between changes in genomic compartmentalization, lamin association, and gene expression. With these data, we could examine, for example, what gene expression changes occur when a B compartment region is moved from the nuclear interior to the nuclear lamina and what differences exist between lamin associated and internal A compartment regions. In general, we observed an additive rather than redundant effect in which lamin association and compartment status both contribute to gene expression state. However, we found that cell type lineages differed in whether compartment status or lamin association had a dominant influence on gene expression. Finally, we identified conserved trends of how compartment and lamin association status influence the likelihood that gene expression will be induced or repressed in response to a physiochemical treatment.