Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fractured Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression

Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fractured Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fractured Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression Qiang Liu, Chao Pan, Shujian Li, Juncai Cao, Xuguang Wang, Lin Yan This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract To investigate the statistical laws of acoustic emission energy (AEE) avalanche dynamics of sandstone under varying fracture lengths and dip angles, as well as to determine the relationship between acoustic emission (AE) parameters and damage variables, we studied the mechanical properties and AE characteristics of sandstone with a single fracture subjected to uniaxial compression with the aid of the Shimadzu AG-IS test system and the PCI-2 AE system. The AEE characteristics of fractured sandstone under load were analyzed based on the statistical method of avalanche dynamics, with emphasis on AEE distribution, aftershock sequence, and waiting time distribution. The Weibull distribution function that incorporates a correction coefficient β was employed to optimize the Weibull parameters based on the strain equivalent hypothesis theory, which led to the establishment of a statistical damage constitutive model for fractured rock. The results indicated that the peak strength of rock samples initially decreases and then increases with increasing fracture dip angle, and decreases with increasing fracture length. The AEE of the rock sample followed a power-law distribution, with a power-law index ranging from 1.62 to 1.81, which was independent of fracture length and dip angle. The aftershock sequence also adhered to a power-law distribution, whereas the waiting time exhibited a multi-power-law distribution. The proposed statistical damage constitutive model aligned more closely with the experimental curves compared to previous models that normalizes AEE. Fractured rock mass Acoustic emission experiment Damage constitutive model Avalanche dynamics Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 03 Dec, 2024 Reviews received at journal 22 Nov, 2024 Reviews received at journal 22 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Nov, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Nov, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 12 Nov, 2024 Editor invited by journal 08 Nov, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Nov, 2024 First submitted to journal 22 Oct, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5311593","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":377658615,"identity":"74127e3e-5d7f-4ddf-9b56-2fe7c696f6f4","order_by":0,"name":"Qiang Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Qiang","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":377658618,"identity":"7ce815a7-ab3d-4a88-9423-8034e1667baa","order_by":1,"name":"Chao Pan","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAtUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCDxDKgHgdjDNI1sLMQ5IW/tnNzx7b/KpLbGBv3ibBUHOHsBaJO8fMjXP72BIbeI6VSTAce0ZYi4FEgpl0bg9PYoNEjpkEY8NhYrSkf5O27JFIbJB/Q7SWHDNphh8GQFt4iNQicedMmWRvQ4JxG09asUXCMSK08M9u3ybx40+dbD/74Y03PtQQoYVBAogZ2xgY2ECcBCI0QLQw/CFK6SgYBaNgFIxUAACekDR97HlAtAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou University mining college","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Chao","middleName":"","lastName":"Pan","suffix":""},{"id":377658619,"identity":"6f675590-fbfc-463a-a2d7-a9fc3cb53159","order_by":2,"name":"Shujian Li","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou University mining college","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shujian","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":377658622,"identity":"b401ccdc-ad47-4668-abd3-d2e19fab899a","order_by":3,"name":"Juncai Cao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou Energy Group Co., Ltd.","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Juncai","middleName":"","lastName":"Cao","suffix":""},{"id":377658624,"identity":"24e733f4-ddbe-46e3-a7bf-eb37e746608e","order_by":4,"name":"Xuguang Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Southwest Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xuguang","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":377658627,"identity":"d4e60874-1468-41ef-819e-dce83dd0ded8","order_by":5,"name":"Lin Yan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guizhou University mining college","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Yan","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-22 12:08:16","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85257-y","type":"published","date":"2025-01-24T15:58:25+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":74858547,"identity":"89ab7009-717a-47e7-ad95-027b32330335","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-01-27 16:11:18","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1195607,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AcousticEmissionCharacteristicsandDamageConstitutiveModelofFracturedSandstoneunderUniaxialCompression.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5311593/v1_covered_bdf8ea9a-05c0-4809-abea-7db45b614202.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fractured Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fractured rock mass, Acoustic emission experiment, Damage constitutive model, Avalanche dynamics","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the statistical laws of acoustic emission energy (AEE) avalanche dynamics of sandstone under varying fracture lengths and dip angles, as well as to determine the relationship between acoustic emission (AE) parameters and damage variables, we studied the mechanical properties and AE characteristics of sandstone with a single fracture subjected to uniaxial compression with the aid of the Shimadzu AG-IS test system and the PCI-2 AE system. The AEE characteristics of fractured sandstone under load were analyzed based on the statistical method of avalanche dynamics, with emphasis on AEE distribution, aftershock sequence, and waiting time distribution. The Weibull distribution function that incorporates a correction coefficient \u003cem\u003eβ\u003c/em\u003e was employed to optimize the Weibull parameters based on the strain equivalent hypothesis theory, which led to the establishment of a statistical damage constitutive model for fractured rock. The results indicated that the peak strength of rock samples initially decreases and then increases with increasing fracture dip angle, and decreases with increasing fracture length. The AEE of the rock sample followed a power-law distribution, with a power-law index ranging from 1.62 to 1.81, which was independent of fracture length and dip angle. The aftershock sequence also adhered to a power-law distribution, whereas the waiting time exhibited a multi-power-law distribution. The proposed statistical damage constitutive model aligned more closely with the experimental curves compared to previous models that normalizes AEE.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Acoustic Emission Characteristics and Damage Constitutive Model of Fractured Sandstone under Uniaxial Compression","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-11-21 17:25:08","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5311593/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-12-03T05:39:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-22T13:30:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2024-11-22T07:21:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"5541348794757778846484716429958132371","date":"2024-11-13T04:14:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"245538588339439494984300922358275811899","date":"2024-11-12T12:47:09+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-12T12:17:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-11-12T11:16:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2024-11-08T06:47:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-11-06T09:53:47+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2024-10-22T11:58:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"94797525-4594-460d-b65b-0d9fa0730dcd","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 21st, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-01-27T16:05:19+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5311593","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85257-y","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-01-24 15:58:25","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 24th, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-11-21 17:25:08","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-85257-y","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85257-y","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5311593","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5311593","identity":"rs-5311593","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}