Optimization approach for designing compact rectangular microwave patch antennas

Optimization approach for designing compact rectangular microwave patch antennas | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimization approach for designing compact rectangular microwave patch antennas Oleg Rybin, Muhammad Raza, Aleksii Shevchenko, Sergey Shulga This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6338712/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Computational Electronics → Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A theory for determining the linear dimensions of compact rectangular microwave patch antennas on metamaterial substrates with a high real part of the effective relative permittivity is presented. This theory demonstrates that significant miniaturization of the volume profile of such antennas is achievable with enhanced performance. The proposed theory is based on a simple analytical algorithm design to minimize the volume profile of the antenna patch. It establishes a relationship between the effective relative permittivity of the substrate, the resonant frequency, and the substrate thickness. Notably, the proposed optimization approach, does not impose any restrictions on the geometry of the metamaterial unit cell used to create the antenna substrate. Furthermore, it does not require substantial computational resources for designing the linear dimensions of patch antennas. The derived relations are intended to be used along with modern electromagnetic simulators for the CAD design of compact microwave metamaterial patch antennas with a rectangular patch. The proposed optimization theory is validated through an electromagnetic simulator based on the finite difference time-domain method. Patch antennas Microwaves Metamaterials Miniaturization Effective Medium Theory Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 20 Jun, 2025 Read the published version in Journal of Computational Electronics → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 02 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 01 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 01 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6338712","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":445375155,"identity":"5ab6dde3-db87-4adc-b081-afc6e1515825","order_by":0,"name":"Oleg Rybin","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIie3RPQrCMBTA8SeB5xLsmtKCVygURBD0Ki0FXdTFUVCh4NQDeA9XhycZnDyAm1AQB4eCIAodjB+IU6qbYP5LQsiPJATAZPrFyo8hQGDyPsNCwl4Eoy8JAPc/u5fFmNyXFrJfcZKjd1k0WxVnguKsIXaM7Trs5ADd9TxMdhFDl9BONMSTvOYByXAqenPixBBFgIJriXV6km66zGnMb8TO9aew7ZOwiJMUN+LoTlFvqUFAnQGKtu+7tPJQhHHD1RCrHKdZRo1+dRal9oGGLTVZbg4aolI3gfh9oTTRA/WZGcCoaJPJZDL9c1f1fUURnoFE7wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Karazin Kharkiv National University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oleg","middleName":"","lastName":"Rybin","suffix":""},{"id":445375156,"identity":"836cada5-7bed-40d8-94ec-1c0a7d7d8484","order_by":1,"name":"Muhammad Raza","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Muhammad","middleName":"","lastName":"Raza","suffix":""},{"id":445375157,"identity":"8c280040-cec0-448d-ad51-bf60c378de5b","order_by":2,"name":"Aleksii Shevchenko","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karazin Kharkiv National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aleksii","middleName":"","lastName":"Shevchenko","suffix":""},{"id":445375158,"identity":"0be78c51-c0de-4811-aa1a-9ee4b94cf559","order_by":3,"name":"Sergey Shulga","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karazin Kharkiv National University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sergey","middleName":"","lastName":"Shulga","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-03-30 13:38:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6338712/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6338712/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10825-025-02370-x","type":"published","date":"2025-06-20T15:57:33+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85231597,"identity":"460d6159-15b6-4bf7-8f04-fb2e62a77d76","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-23 16:09:15","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":388021,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscriptforsubmission.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6338712/v1_covered_a84ec9e9-e272-4940-98b2-1363bf100246.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Optimization approach for designing compact rectangular microwave patch antennas","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"journal-of-computational-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jcel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Journal of Computational Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/10825)","snPcode":"10825","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/10825/3","title":"Journal of Computational Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Patch antennas, Microwaves, Metamaterials, Miniaturization, Effective Medium Theory","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6338712/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6338712/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA theory for determining the linear dimensions of compact rectangular microwave patch antennas on metamaterial substrates with a high real part of the effective relative permittivity is presented. This theory demonstrates that significant miniaturization of the volume profile of such antennas is achievable with enhanced performance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe proposed theory is based on a simple analytical algorithm design to minimize the volume profile of the antenna patch. It establishes a relationship between the effective relative permittivity of the substrate, the resonant frequency, and the substrate thickness.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNotably, the proposed optimization approach, does not impose any restrictions on the geometry of the metamaterial unit cell used to create the antenna substrate. Furthermore, it does not require substantial computational resources for designing the linear dimensions of patch antennas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe derived relations are intended to be used along with modern electromagnetic simulators for the CAD design of compact microwave metamaterial patch antennas with a rectangular patch. 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