RSM-ANOVA Optimization of Misalignment and Contamination Effects on Dry Rolling Contact: Experimental and Statistical Study

Statistical Investigation on the Failure of Misaligned Contaminated EHL Rolling Contacts Using Response Surface Methodology | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Statistical Investigation on the Failure of Misaligned Contaminated EHL Rolling Contacts Using Response Surface Methodology Mostefaoui Abdelmalek, Mohamed Rafik SARI, Mohamed KEZZAR, Mohamed EID This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract This experimental research work is conducted to determine statistical models of wear evolution and surface roughness components in a misaligned contaminated EHL rolling contact. To achieve this goal, experiments were realized on an original test rig representing the real operating conditions of gears or roller bearings. In fact, the rolling contact tests are carried out using the contact between two steel disks with the presence of misalignment defect and solid contaminants within lubricant oil. In order to investigate the influence of four operating input variables like Misalignment angle (α), Rotational velocity ( V ), Load ( Q ) and Contaminant concentration (C) on the studied responses (i.e. wear ( W ) and surface roughness components (Ra, Rt and Rz)), the Box Behnken Design (BBDs) was adopted. Thereafter, the results obtained were analyzed using both response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is found that the rotational velocity (V) is the most significant factor affecting the wear (W) and the surface roughness components (Ra, Rt and Rz) of a misaligned contaminated rolling EHL contact with 75.51 %, 79.2%, 89.07% and 59.65% of contributions respectively, whereas load (Q), misalignment angle (α), contaminant concentration (C) and two-level interaction effect (αxC) and (CxQ) are significant factors but have a lesser effect on the wear variability with 8.23%, 5.57%, 2.42%, 2.68% and 2.62% contributions, respectively. It is also deduced that the misalignment angle (α) is statistically significant when studying the mean depth roughness (Rz) with 15.67 % of contributions. Finally, it is revealed that the obtained higher values of determination coefficient (more than 90%) show clearly the reliable of the implemented quadratic models. EHL rolling contact Misalignment defect Lubricant contamination Failure Variance analysis Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8244123","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":560204080,"identity":"469d573b-d98f-491e-af58-78a33174323c","order_by":0,"name":"Mostefaoui Abdelmalek","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"skikda university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mostefaoui","middleName":"","lastName":"Abdelmalek","suffix":""},{"id":560204082,"identity":"ee5fd5ee-7857-44cb-ae07-2fa34514ef64","order_by":1,"name":"Mohamed Rafik SARI","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"University of Badji Mokhtar Annaba: Universite Badji Mokhtar Annaba","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"Rafik","lastName":"SARI","suffix":""},{"id":560204085,"identity":"20e02fbb-a33b-49e8-9a8f-bb88bac07be8","order_by":2,"name":"Mohamed KEZZAR","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"skikda university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"KEZZAR","suffix":""},{"id":616834137,"identity":"4a02b9d8-9c3a-42a9-8c57-f0d3cdd6cc1a","order_by":3,"name":"Mohamed EID","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mohamed","middleName":"","lastName":"EID","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-30 19:38:37","currentVersionCode":2,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":106401810,"identity":"3f13789e-311b-49df-88d5-21a143b57db8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-04-08 09:09:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1026085,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PaperMostefaouietal.VF.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8244123/v2_covered_2d578749-da0f-4ac3-8489-76c7d724dc70.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eStatistical Investigation on the Failure of Misaligned Contaminated EHL Rolling Contacts Using Response Surface Methodology\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"EHL rolling contact, Misalignment defect, Lubricant contamination, Failure, Variance analysis ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis experimental research work is conducted to determine statistical models of wear evolution and surface roughness components in a misaligned contaminated EHL rolling contact. To achieve this goal, experiments were realized on an original test rig representing the real operating conditions of gears or roller bearings. In fact, the rolling contact tests are carried out using the contact between two steel disks with the presence of misalignment defect and solid contaminants within lubricant oil. In order to investigate the influence of four operating input variables like Misalignment angle (α), Rotational velocity (\u003cem\u003eV\u003c/em\u003e), Load (\u003cem\u003eQ\u003c/em\u003e) and Contaminant concentration (C) on the studied responses (i.e. wear (\u003cem\u003eW\u003c/em\u003e) and surface roughness components (Ra, Rt and Rz)), the Box Behnken Design (BBDs) was adopted. Thereafter, the results obtained were analyzed using both response surface methodology (RSM) and analysis of variance (ANOVA). It is found that the rotational velocity (V) is the most significant factor affecting the wear (W) and the surface roughness components (Ra, Rt and Rz) of a misaligned contaminated rolling EHL contact with \u0026nbsp;75.51 %, 79.2%, 89.07% and 59.65% of contributions respectively, whereas load (Q), misalignment angle (α), contaminant concentration (C) and two-level interaction effect (αxC) and (CxQ) are significant factors but have a lesser effect on the wear variability with 8.23%, 5.57%, 2.42%, 2.68% and 2.62% contributions, respectively. It is also deduced that the misalignment angle (α) is statistically significant when studying the mean depth roughness (Rz) with 15.67 % of contributions. Finally, it is revealed that the obtained higher values of determination coefficient (more than 90%) show clearly the reliable of the implemented quadratic models.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Statistical Investigation on the Failure of Misaligned Contaminated EHL Rolling Contacts Using Response Surface Methodology","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":2,"date":"2026-04-03 20:26:20","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v2","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}},{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-15 01:07:19","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8244123/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3817468a-db2b-4651-a1f9-2384e460d0ed","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 3rd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-14T14:33:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-04-03 20:26:20","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v2","identity":"rs-8244123","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8244123","identity":"rs-8244123","version":["v2"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}