Retrieval ocean surface wind speed of Triton meteorological satellite mission

Retrieval ocean surface wind speed of Triton meteorological satellite mission | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Retrieval ocean surface wind speed of Triton meteorological satellite mission Wen-Hao Yeh, Yung-Fu Tsai, Chen-Tsung Lin, Chun-Chi Cheng, Shih-Hung Lo, and 4 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7640851/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Global Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique is used to explore the Earth environment by using the Earth surface reflected GNSS signal. The Earth surface reflected GNSS signal can be used to retrieve the Earth surface parameters. The space based GNSS-R, which set receiver on the satellite in space to receive the Earth reflected GNSS signal, is developed from the early 21st century. Triton, a Taiwan designed and manufactured experimental micro-satellite, is one of the satellites for GNSS-R mission and was launched in October 9th, 2023. The mission payload of Triton is Taiwan Space Agency (TASA) self-developed GNSS-R receiver and used to process ocean surface reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The product of mission payload is delay-Doppler map (DDM) for ocean surface wind speed retrieving. The GNSS-R retrieval system of Triton is developed in Taiwan R/RO process system (TROPS) to retrieve ocean surface wind speed by using DDM. In the retrieval process, the first step is DDM calibration, which is used to remove the influence of payload hardware in the signal strength. Then the calibrated DDM is used to calculate supporting data, such like normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS). After that, the calibrated DDM and supporting data can be used to retrieve ocean surface wind speed. Before retrieving ocean surface wind speed by using GNSS-R function in TROPS, the geophysical model function (GMF) needs to be developed. The ocean surface wind speed product of Triton has been released freely in Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC). In this paper, the detail of retrieval process is introduced. The retrieval ocean surface wind speed is compared with those obtained from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (EAR5) for validation. Furthermore, some supporting data is also be demonstrated. GNSS-R Triton DDM ocean surface wind speed TROPS GMF Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 24 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Sep, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Sep, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 20 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 20 Sep, 2025 First submitted to journal 17 Sep, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7640851","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526566119,"identity":"0badf968-c26b-4c5d-b03b-091d66446fc5","order_by":0,"name":"Wen-Hao 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mission","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"terrestrial-atmospheric-and-oceanic-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"taoj","sideBox":"Learn more about [Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/44195)","snPcode":"44195","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44195/3","title":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"GNSS-R, Triton, DDM, ocean surface wind speed, TROPS, GMF","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7640851/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7640851/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eGlobal Navigation Satellite Systems-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technique is used to explore the Earth environment by using the Earth surface reflected GNSS signal. The Earth surface reflected GNSS signal can be used to retrieve the Earth surface parameters. The space based GNSS-R, which set receiver on the satellite in space to receive the Earth reflected GNSS signal, is developed from the early 21st century. Triton, a Taiwan designed and manufactured experimental micro-satellite, is one of the satellites for GNSS-R mission and was launched in October 9th, 2023. The mission payload of Triton is Taiwan Space Agency (TASA) self-developed GNSS-R receiver and used to process ocean surface reflected Global Positioning System (GPS) signal. The product of mission payload is delay-Doppler map (DDM) for ocean surface wind speed retrieving. The GNSS-R retrieval system of Triton is developed in Taiwan R/RO process system (TROPS) to retrieve ocean surface wind speed by using DDM. In the retrieval process, the first step is DDM calibration, which is used to remove the influence of payload hardware in the signal strength. Then the calibrated DDM is used to calculate supporting data, such like normalized bistatic radar cross section (NBRCS). After that, the calibrated DDM and supporting data can be used to retrieve ocean surface wind speed. Before retrieving ocean surface wind speed by using GNSS-R function in TROPS, the geophysical model function (GMF) needs to be developed. The ocean surface wind speed product of Triton has been released freely in Taiwan Analysis Center for COSMIC (TACC). In this paper, the detail of retrieval process is introduced. The retrieval ocean surface wind speed is compared with those obtained from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Reanalysis v5 (EAR5) for validation. Furthermore, some supporting data is also be demonstrated.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Retrieval ocean surface wind speed of Triton meteorological satellite mission","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-09 05:10:13","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7640851/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-10-26T09:49:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-24T18:02:30+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-13T16:43:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"242740934109524178170468909499126941627","date":"2025-10-09T15:48:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"338218400816184527062439373517369203290","date":"2025-09-29T07:51:22+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-27T07:29:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-09-20T07:38:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-09-20T07:37:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","date":"2025-09-17T13:36:16+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"terrestrial-atmospheric-and-oceanic-sciences","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"taoj","sideBox":"Learn more about [Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences](https://link.springer.com/journal/44195)","snPcode":"44195","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/44195/3","title":"Terrestrial, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Open","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f40047cb-85ea-46b3-be7f-61e8de06b417","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 9th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-15T06:24:11+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-09 05:10:13","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7640851","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7640851","identity":"rs-7640851","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}