A Falsifiable Leggett--Garg Test of the Three-Layer Quantum Brain Hypothesis: Quantum Non-Demolition Probes and Brain--Reservoir Information Channels

A Falsifiable Leggett--Garg Test of the Three-Layer Quantum Brain Hypothesis: Quantum Non-Demolition Probes and Brain--Reservoir Information Channels | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Falsifiable Leggett--Garg Test of the Three-Layer Quantum Brain Hypothesis: Quantum Non-Demolition Probes and Brain--Reservoir Information Channels Hikaru Wakaura, Taiki Tanimae This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The three-layer quantum brain (3LQB) hypothesis proposes that biological tissue computes by exploiting nuclear-spin memories, radical-pair processors and spin-selective readouts. To convert this hypothesis from speculation to testable physics we (i)~derive a sharp falsifiable prediction--Leggett--Garg violation $K\!\ge\!1$ requires $\geff/\omega_{\mathrm{Larmor}}\le 0.5$, and (ii)~build a quantitative catalogue of probes able to confirm or refute it without disturbing the quantum information. Eleven quantum non-demolition (QND) detection schemes and ten brain--organic-quantum-computer information-exchange channels are evaluated with adaptive Lindblad-complete Monte-Carlo ($N=2{,}000$ trajectories, bootstrap 95\,\% CIs) calibrated against 31~primary-literature parameters (28~within $\frac{1}{2}$--$2\times$, zero outliers). Petz-map covariant recovery raises the back-action-only fidelity of weak EDMR from $0.701\,[0.687,0.714]$ to $0.777\,[0.759,0.793]$ (CIs non-overlapping). A clean-qubit Leggett--Garg sweep reaches $K=1.46\,[1.35,1.59]$ for $\gdec/\omega\le 0.16$ and collapses to $K=0.16\,[0.00,0.31]$ for $\gdec/\omega\ge 1.6$. Tissue and skull attenuation analysis (Gabriel 1996) shows that L-band EPR loses 60\,\% of signal at 3~cm depth whereas NV-nanodiamond and OPM-MEG suffer only $\le 0.5\,\%$ attenuation. Power analysis identifies five schemes (ZULF-NMR, OPM-MEG, MARY, hyperpolarised \textsuperscript{13}C MRI, isotope-behavioural) capable of decisive 3LQB discrimination at $\alpha=0.05$, $1-\beta=0.80$ with $N\!\le\!10^3$ subjects. The hypothesis is therefore experimentally testable using existing technology, and engineered organic substrates (PTM-COF, $\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$X) provide ready-made positive controls. Biophysics quantum non-demolition radical pair quantum brain NV magnetometry optically pumped magnetometer Leggett--Garg inequality covariant quantum error correction Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9586245","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":632970703,"identity":"eb3baf22-d866-4ae6-95d8-1bdcddf188f2","order_by":0,"name":"Hikaru Wakaura","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA70lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAyBmbACx2BsMwCJ87BBRIrTwHDAA89mYidYikYDQgheYM/AYfpxRcziff+bjjQ8+7vgjB9JSXIBHi2UDj7HkhmOHLWfcTis2nHnGwBikxXgGPocd4N0g+YDtsAHD7Rwzad42g8Q2kBYe/Fo2/3zw77CB/M0z5r//thnUE6Nlm+TGtsMGBjd4zJgZ2wwS2AhqOcz/zXJmX7qB4Zm0YsneM8aGbcyMDfj9crwt+WbPN2sDueOHN374uUNOnp+9+ZgxvhBjQIkFSAwxthnj04EKIFoYmB8Tr2UUjIJRMApGAAAApB1Ji9H0SDIAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"QIRI (Quantum Integrated Research Institute Inc.)","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hikaru","middleName":"","lastName":"Wakaura","suffix":""},{"id":632970704,"identity":"e093910a-86d0-4261-9dcd-b2a2b55fa177","order_by":1,"name":"Taiki Tanimae","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"QIRI (Quantum Integrated Research Institute Inc.)","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taiki","middleName":"","lastName":"Tanimae","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-05-01 13:02:54","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":108583757,"identity":"6c7d895a-2ef0-494a-9525-27fe7f990856","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-05-06 08:28:03","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":302356,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"detectionv3.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-9586245/v1_covered_63c809f2-041d-413e-a735-948f2a1f0f03.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eA Falsifiable Leggett--Garg Test of the Three-Layer Quantum Brain Hypothesis: Quantum Non-Demolition Probes and Brain--Reservoir Information Channels\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"QIRI (Quantum Integrated Research Institute Inc.)","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"quantum non-demolition, radical pair, quantum brain, NV magnetometry, optically pumped magnetometer, Leggett--Garg inequality, covariant quantum error correction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe three-layer quantum brain (3LQB) hypothesis proposes that biological tissue computes by exploiting nuclear-spin memories, radical-pair processors and spin-selective readouts. To convert this hypothesis from speculation to testable physics we (i)~derive a sharp falsifiable prediction--Leggett--Garg violation $K\\!\\ge\\!1$ requires $\\geff/\\omega_{\\mathrm{Larmor}}\\le 0.5$, and (ii)~build a quantitative catalogue of probes able to confirm or refute it without disturbing the quantum information. Eleven quantum non-demolition (QND) detection schemes and ten brain--organic-quantum-computer information-exchange channels are evaluated with adaptive Lindblad-complete Monte-Carlo ($N=2{,}000$ trajectories, bootstrap 95\\,\\% CIs) calibrated against 31~primary-literature parameters (28~within $\\frac{1}{2}$--$2\\times$, zero outliers). Petz-map covariant recovery raises the back-action-only\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efidelity of weak EDMR from $0.701\\,[0.687,0.714]$ to $0.777\\,[0.759,0.793]$ (CIs non-overlapping). A clean-qubit Leggett--Garg sweep reaches $K=1.46\\,[1.35,1.59]$ for $\\gdec/\\omega\\le 0.16$ and collapses to $K=0.16\\,[0.00,0.31]$ for $\\gdec/\\omega\\ge 1.6$. Tissue and skull attenuation analysis (Gabriel 1996) shows that L-band EPR loses 60\\,\\% of signal at 3~cm depth whereas NV-nanodiamond and OPM-MEG suffer only $\\le 0.5\\,\\%$ attenuation. Power analysis identifies five schemes (ZULF-NMR, OPM-MEG, MARY, hyperpolarised \\textsuperscript{13}C MRI, isotope-behavioural) capable of decisive 3LQB discrimination at $\\alpha=0.05$, $1-\\beta=0.80$ with $N\\!\\le\\!10^3$ subjects. The hypothesis is therefore experimentally testable using existing technology, and engineered organic substrates (PTM-COF, $\\kappa$-(BEDT-TTF)$_2$X) provide ready-made positive controls.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"A Falsifiable Leggett--Garg Test of the Three-Layer Quantum Brain Hypothesis: Quantum Non-Demolition Probes and Brain--Reservoir Information Channels","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-06 08:27:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9586245/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"8768b55e-2e21-42ac-8c08-24534da08dc1","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 6th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":67373942,"name":"Biophysics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-06T08:27:09+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-06 08:27:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9586245","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9586245","identity":"rs-9586245","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}