Thimphu City’s Municipal Solid Waste Pollution A Case Study

Thimphu, Bhutan's capital, faces escalating challenges in municipal solid waste (MSW) management due to rapid urbanization, increased consumption, and ineffective waste disposal practices. This study examines the city's MSW pollution, focusing on health and environmental impacts, legal frameworks, and potential solutions. Key issues include soil, air, and water contamination from improper waste handling, compounded by inadequate infrastructure and public awareness. Despite efforts by authorities, waste generation continues to rise, exacerbating pollution. Proposed strategies include adopting circular economy principles, waste-to-energy technologies, incentivizing proper disposal, and enhancing education programs. Addressing these challenges requires sustainable planning, financial investment, and technological advancements.