Integrating Recycled Materials and Date Palm Water to Enhance Concrete Properties and Promote Sustainability in Modern Construction

Integrating Recycled Materials and Date Palm Water to Enhance Concrete Properties and Promote Sustainability in Modern Construction | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Integrating Recycled Materials and Date Palm Water to Enhance Concrete Properties and Promote Sustainability in Modern Construction Wisam Fawzi aL-Jhayyish, Jaleed Radhi Razuqi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study examines the feasibility of employing date palm water, a byproduct of date fruit processing abundant in sugars that are naturally occurring, as a sustainable additive in concrete manufacturing. The study examines the effects of integrating date palm water on essential fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete, such as workability (slump), compressive strength, and initial and f inal setting times. Experimental findings demonstrate that date palm water markedly improves workability, as indicated by elevated slump values, which can be ascribed to the sugar content diminishing the mixture’s viscosity. Compressive strength demonstrates a non-linear response: minimal concentrations (below percent 10 of total mixing water) yield marginal enhancements, whereas elevated levels cause a decline in strength due to the disruption of cement hydration by sugars. Furthermore, the incorporation of date palm water extends both the initial and final setting times, providing practical benefits for applications necessitating prolonged workability, such as concrete placement in elevated temperatures or intricate formwork systems. The study underscores challenges associated with fluctuations in sugar content among various batches of date palm water, highlighting the necessity for stringent quality control protocols. A suggested dosage range of 5–10 percent of the total mixing water is advised to optimise structural performance and workability. Additional research is necessary to determine the long-term durability of the concrete and determine the optimal dosage for different construction applications, although it shows promise in terms of sustainability and fresh concrete properties. The conclusions highlight the feasibility of date palm water as a sustainable additive in concrete technology, contingent upon its adaptation to project-specific needs. Civil Engineering Buildings Cement Concrete Environmental effect High strength concrete Strengthening Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6878053","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":470235625,"identity":"469857e0-6466-4ec3-a281-6359a4b7e2d7","order_by":0,"name":"Wisam Fawzi aL-Jhayyish","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA6ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACZhBhA2IwH4CIHAAjQlrSQAy2BIhSgloYYFoYeAzgWvACg+PsDz/dSLBLnN/O83XzxzYGOb4bCYwH3uDTcpjHWDonITmxsZl3242DbQzGkjcSGA7OwaPF7DAPg3TuD+bcZmaIlsQNQC1AQXxa2B//zkmoz21j5nkG0lJPhBYGM6DDDuf2MPOwgbQkGBDSYn+Yx8w6J+F4/QxmNrMbZ85JGM4887ABr18k+48/vp2TUG0s33/42Y2KMht5vuPJhz/gCzF0IAHEjA0M+ByGA5ChZRSMglEwCoYvAAAk9lPNivIA9wAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"middle technical university","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wisam","middleName":"Fawzi","lastName":"aL-Jhayyish","suffix":""},{"id":470235709,"identity":"bc46fc11-3e35-43c6-aed3-4607ca9ad41e","order_by":1,"name":"Jaleed Radhi Razuqi","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"middle technical university","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jaleed","middleName":"Radhi","lastName":"Razuqi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-12 08:16:51","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":true,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true,"humanSubjectConsent":true,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":true,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":84517791,"identity":"d3bf03b6-63ff-4a58-a1fd-d6169def3c91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-13 02:20:47","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":652923,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Revicethearticle.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6878053/v1_covered_9e73d303-2525-4a52-99b1-6a0ebf46d9aa.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eIntegrating Recycled Materials and Date Palm Water to Enhance Concrete Properties and Promote Sustainability in Modern Construction\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"middle techniacal university","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Buildings, Cement, Concrete, Environmental effect, High strength concrete, Strengthening","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis study examines the feasibility of employing date palm water, a byproduct of date fruit processing abundant in sugars that are \u0026nbsp;naturally occurring, as a sustainable additive in concrete manufacturing. The study examines the effects of integrating date palm \u0026nbsp;water on essential fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete, such as workability (slump), compressive strength, and initial and \u0026nbsp;f \u0026nbsp;inal setting times. Experimental findings demonstrate that date palm water markedly improves workability, as indicated by elevated \u0026nbsp;slump values, which can be ascribed to the sugar content diminishing the mixture’s viscosity. Compressive strength demonstrates \u0026nbsp;a non-linear response: minimal concentrations (below percent 10 of total mixing water) yield marginal enhancements, whereas \u0026nbsp;elevated levels cause a decline in strength due to the disruption of cement hydration by sugars. Furthermore, the incorporation of \u0026nbsp;date palm water extends both the initial and final setting times, providing practical benefits for applications necessitating prolonged \u0026nbsp;workability, such as concrete placement in elevated temperatures or intricate formwork systems. The study underscores challenges \u0026nbsp;associated with fluctuations in sugar content among various batches of date palm water, highlighting the necessity for stringent \u0026nbsp;quality control protocols. A suggested dosage range of 5–10 percent of the total mixing water is advised to optimise structural \u0026nbsp;performance and workability. Additional research is necessary to determine the long-term durability of the concrete and determine \u0026nbsp;the optimal dosage for different construction applications, although it shows promise in terms of sustainability and fresh concrete \u0026nbsp;properties. The conclusions highlight the feasibility of date palm water as a sustainable additive in concrete technology, contingent \u0026nbsp;upon its adaptation to project-specific needs.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Integrating Recycled Materials and Date Palm Water to Enhance Concrete Properties and Promote Sustainability in Modern Construction","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-13 02:12:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6878053/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a6fe06ea-13ad-4d6f-a5ac-e5880a512e61","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49932010,"name":"Civil Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-13T02:12:41+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-13 02:12:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6878053","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6878053","identity":"rs-6878053","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}