Mammographic Findings, Bi-rads and Their Relationship to Diagnostic Mammography at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State

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HASSAN, A.I. ONUNDI, A.ANAS This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6844746/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract OBJECTIVES: To determine the pattern of mammographic image findings at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital To determine the relationship between age, mammographic findings and BI-RADS of symptomatic patients. To determine the most common BI-RADS category. METHOD: A retrospective cross-sectional study was utilized to investigate mammographic findings, BI-RADS, and their relationship to diagnostic mammography at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State. 222 patients were recruited for this research. The research. Data were sourced from diagnostic mammogram result sheets at the Radiology Department, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, covering the period from January 2020 to August 2023. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages generated for the study. RESULTS: The study reveals that 40.5% of patients fall within BI-RADS grade II, indicating the highest occurrence, followed by 26.1% in grade I. The mean age of patients is 47.5 years, with the highest frequency found in the 41–50 age group. Benign mammographic findings are predominant (26.1%), followed by highly suggestive malignancies (13.5%) and benign ductal ectasia (6.3%). CONCLUSION: This study provides valuable insights into the patterns of mammographic findings at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. The prevalence of specific BI-RADS categories and age-related patterns contributes to a better understanding of breast health in the region. These findings can inform healthcare planning, enhance patient care, and contribute to public education regarding breast cancer trends and patterns. Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging Mammographic findings BI-RADS Pattern Diagnostic Mammography breast density Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 1. INTRODUCTION Mammography is the primary and most effective method for detecting breast cancer (Joshi et al., 2020). Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, relative availability, and affordability, it has an advantage over ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging procedures (Muhammad et al., 2019). Breast cancer incidence in developed countries is higher, while relative mortality is greatest in less developed countries (Ebubedike et al., 2018). In 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 685, 000 deaths globally. As of the end of 2020, there were 7.8 million women alive who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the past 5 years, making it the world’s most prevalent cancer (WHO,2020). In clinical practice, female patients frequently complain about breast symptoms and disorders, which is not unusual in Nigeria. The significant morbidity and mortality caused by breast disease, particularly malignant tumors, is a major concern for the world (Kumar et al., 2018). According to the American Cancer Society, all women are at risk for developing breast cancer, and it is estimated that one woman in every eight will develop this disease during their lifetime. A majority of such women will not have previous family or exposure histories that would have placed them at higher risk (Gabkwet et al., 2020). In general, women with a first-degree family history affected by the disease have more than twice the risk of developing breast cancer as the general population (Ebubedike et al., 2018). The body's normal physiological or pathological state has a significant impact on breast density. Physiological conditions influencing breast density are age, ethnicity, obesity, parity, and stages of the menstrual cycle, and typically there is an inverse relationship between a patient’s age and mammographic breast density (Kumar et al., 2018). The American College of Radiology's BI-RADS system is used to classify mammographic density, and the breast parenchymal pattern or proportion density is mostly a reflection of the ratio of glandular tissue to fatty tissue. The relative proportion of radiolucent fat, dense connective tissue, and glandular epithelium within the breast can vary depending on the appearance of the breast as seen on mammograms (Akande et al., 2017). Ensuring optimal mammographic images is paramount in order to enhance the radiologist’s capability to interpret and read mammograms (Pape et al., 2022). High image quality is indispensable for the accurate diagnosis and detection of breast abnormalities. Factors contributing to good image quality encompass resolution, contrast, noise, proper positioning, compression, exposure settings, artifact minimization, and equipment calibration. The cooperation of patients in minimizing movement during image acquisition also plays a role in achieving optimal image quality (Murphy, 2023). Assessing the quality of diagnostic images is subjective and influenced by factors such as the education, skill, and experience of the assessor (Kjelle and Chilanga, 2022). Documenting the pattern and distribution of mammographic findings in women will highlight the prevalence of different breast diseases among the various age groups of symptomatic females (Kumar et al., 2018). The University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Borno State routinely performs diagnostic mammography to evaluate breast health in patients. Despite an advancement in mammographic technology and understanding, there is a need to comprehensively analyze mammographic image findings within specific demographics, to better tailor diagnostic and treatment approaches. This research aims to investigate the distribution and characteristics of mammographic findings, identify prevalent conditions, understand age-related patterns, and provide valuable insights into the prevailing breast health conditions among the studied population. The results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the breast health landscape in the region, enabling improved healthcare planning and patient education (Qenam, 2020). 2. METHODOLOGY Retrospective cross-sectional study was adopted and secondary source of data was employed for the study. Patient request form, result sheet at the archive section of the Radiology Department University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital was assessed. The Study population included all result sheet of diagnostic mammograms within the period of January 2020 to August 2023. Result sheet of diagnostic mammograms at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital within the period were include while result sheet from other imaging modality, incomplete results were excluded from the study, Details of patients who meet the inclusion criteria was recorded on a data capture sheet. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 23, descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequencies was generated from the existing data. Ethical clearance was obtained from the research and ethics committee, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. All information obtained was treated with utmost confidentiality. 3. RESULTS Patterns of mammographic finding of two hundred and twenty-two (222) patients who underwent mammographic examination at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital were reviewed. Table 4.1 shows the frequency distribution of patients who underwent mammography based on the age, mammographic findings and BIRADS classification. The mean age of the patients was 47.5years. Number of patients within 41-50 years was the highest constituting about 46.4% (n=103) of the entire patients. Normal mammographic findings occurred the most (about 26.1% of the mammographic findings) followed by highly suggestive findings of malignancy (13.5%), benign findings of ductal ectasia (6.3%) and probably benign findings (6.3%). About 40.5% (n=90) of the patients were found to be within BIRADS grade II which presents the highest in the sample population followed by BIRADS grade I which constitutes about 26.1% (n=58) of the patients and BIRADS grade 0 having the least occurrence (1.4%). Distribution of the various parameters Table 4.1 Mammographic Findings Benign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node 3 1.4 Benign findings of axillary lymph node 12 5.4 Benign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy 8 3.6 Benign findings of breast lipoma 3 1.4 Benign findings of complex simple breast cysts 3 1.4 Benign findings of ductal ectasia 14 6.3 Benign findings of fibroadenoma 4 1.8 Benign findings of intramammary lymph node 9 4.1 Benign findings of multiple simple breast cysts 6 2.7 Benign findings of simple Breast cysts 7 3.2 Breast abscess 5 2.3 Highly suggestive of malignancy 30 13.5 Inconclusive 3 1.4 Mastitis 5 2.3 Moderately suggestive of malignancy 5 2.3 Moderately suspicious lesion 3 1.4 Normal findings 58 26.1 Probably benign findings 14 6.3 Probably benign findings of complex breast cysts 4 1.8 Probably benign findings of intraductal papilloma 5 2.3 Others 21 9.5 Total 222 100.0 Table 4.2 represents the relationship between age of patients and lesion classifications. The X2 = 24.362, p-value > 0.05 which implies that there is no significant difference between the ages of patients and the class of lesion. From the table, it was observed that patients within the ages of 41-50 years had the highest BIRADS grading of I, II and III lesions i.e. about 53.4%, 47.8%, and 52% of all the respective lesions. The result indicated that age group of 31-70 years has a high index of malignancy but the most vulnerable age group is between 51-60 years. Table 4.2 Relationship between age of patient and BIRADS lesion classifications Age of Patients BI-RADS Total 0 I II III IV V 21-30 - 1 4 2 2 - 9 31-40 1 14 11 7 3 4 40 41-50 1 31 43 16 6 6 103 51-60 1 10 30 5 7 7 60 61-70 - 2 2 1 2 3 10 Total 3 58 90 31 20 20 222 X 2 = 24.362, p-value > 0.05 Table 4.3 shows the relationship between the mammographic findings and the ages of patients. The X2 = 233.178 and p-value < 0.05 which implies that there is significant difference between the ages of patients and the mammographic findings. The age group mostly affected during the review was 41-50 years followed by 51-60 years age group accounting for about 46.4% and 27% respectively. Normal mammographic findings were the most frequent among patients within the ages of 41-50 years, about 59% of all patients with normal findings. Patients within the ages of 51-60 years were the most affected with lesions highly suggestive of malignancy (about 47% of all patients within this category. Table 4.3 Relationship between mammographic findings and age of patient Age of patients Total Mammographic findings 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 Benign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node - - - 3 - 3 Benign findings of axillary lymph node - - 6 6 - 12 Benign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy - - 6 1 1 8 Benign findings of breast lipoma - 3 - - - 3 Benign findings of complex simple breast cysts - 2 - 1 - 3 Benign findings of ductal ectasia 1 - 6 7 - 14 Benign findings of fibroadenoma - 2 2 - - 4 Benign findings of intramammary lymph node - 1 8 - - 9 Benign findings of multiple simple breast cysts - 1 3 2 - 6 Benign findings of simple breast cysts - - 5 2 - 7 Breast abscess - 1 3 - 1 5 Highly suggestive of malignancy - 6 7 14 3 30 Inconclusive - 3 - - - 3 Mastitis - 1 3 - 1 5 Moderately suggestive of malignancy 2 1 - 1 1 5 Moderately suspicious lesion - - 3 - - 3 Normal findings 1 11 34 10 2 58 Probably benign findings 3 1 6 4 - 14 Probably benign findings of complex breast cysts - 2 1 1 - 4 Probably benign findings of intraductal papilloma - 1 1 3 - 5 Others 2 4 9 5 1 21 Total 9 40 103 60 10 222 X 2 = 233.178, p-value < 0.05 Table 4.4 identifies the BI-RADS classification of lesions observed on the mammograms during the study. Based on the BIRADS grading system, class 0 to III showed that 182 patients (about 82% of all the patients) may be considered free from invasive breast lesions. However, class IV and V with a total number of 40 patients (18%) represented the group with possible malignant lesions. Table 4.4 Relationship between mammographic findings and BIRADS grades Mammographic findings BI-RADS Total 0 I II III IV V Benign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node - - 3 - - - 3 Benign findings of axillary lymph node - - 11 1 - - 12 Benign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy - - 7 1 - - 8 Benign findings of breast lipoma - - 3 - - - 3 Benign findings of complex simple breast cysts - - - 3 - - 3 Benign findings of ductal ectasia - - 12 2 - - 14 Benign findings of fibroadenoma - - 2 2 - - 4 Benign findings of intramammary lymph node - - 8 1 - - 9 Benign findings of multiple simple breast cysts - - 3 2 1 - 6 Benign findings of simple breast cysts - - 6 1 - - 7 Breast abscess - - 4 1 - - 5 Highly suggestive of malignancy - 1 - - 10 19 30 Inconclusive - 3 - - - - 3 Mastitis - - 4 1 - - 5 Moderately suggestive of malignancy - 1 - - 4 - 5 Moderately suspicious lesion - - - 1 2 - 3 Normal findings 3 53 1 - - 1 58 Probably benign findings - - 6 8 - - 14 Probably benign findings of complex breast cysts - - 2 2 - - 4 Probably benign findings of intraductal papilloma - - 2 3 - - 5 Others - 1 16 2 3 - 21 Total 3 58 90 31 20 20 222 X 2 = 530.444, p-value < 0.05 4. DISCUSSION Mammography retains its status as the gold standard in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, owing to its effectiveness in revealing small tumors that may not be detectable through clinical examination (Joshi et al., 2020). This retrospective study conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital involved the comprehensive review of 222 reports, representing 100% of the data. This study aimed to shed light on various aspects related to patient demographics and age distribution. Remarkably, the mean age of the patients in this investigation was determined to be 47.5 years, constituting 46.4% of the studied population. These demographic pattern echoes the outcomes of a study conducted by Umeh et al. , (2019), where a comparable mean age of 49.1 years was reported. The coherence in age distribution between this study and that of Umeh et al., suggests a potential similarity in the population structure under investigation, reinforcing the reliability of this findings. Furthermore, this result aligns with the research by Muhammad et al. in 2019, wherein screening mammography was predominantly performed on individuals aged 40 and above. Furthermore, this investigation revealed a noteworthy vulnerability among patients within the 51–60 age group, particularly in relation to lesions exhibiting a high likelihood of malignancy. This susceptibility could potentially be attributed to a combination of factors, including a decrease in hormonal secretion and socioeconomic status. The interplay of these factors may influence health-seeking behaviors and awareness levels among individuals in this age bracket, consequently impacting the early detection and management of breast lesions. The association between hormonal changes and vulnerability to malignancy aligns with Gabkwet et al., (2020). Hormonal fluctuations, often more pronounced during the transitional period between the fifth and sixth decades of life, can contribute to alterations in breast tissue and increase the risk of malignant lesions. Additionally, the influence of socioeconomic status on health outcomes has been well-documented in Umeh et al ., (2019), with limited access to healthcare resources and awareness programs potentially hindering timely interventions. From this study, the most common mammographic findings were normal (26.1%), followed by highly suggestive findings of malignancy (13.5%). This is in line with Gabkwet et al., (2020), which could be due to similarities in age and predisposing factors associated with a common lifestyle. However, the normal mammographic findings were the most prevalent (26.1%) differs from the result of Kumar et al., (2018), who found that a significant proportion of individuals had positive mammographic findings indicative of malignant breast conditions. Several factors could contribute to these discrepancies. Firstly, there is variation in demographic characteristics, including differences in familial history, body habits, and age distribution. Additionally, environmental exposure unique to this studied population, such as regional lifestyle factors or genetic predisposition, could contribute to the observed differences. However, an exploration of the relationship between age, BIRADS, and lesion classification reveals significant insights into the pattern and distribution of mammographic findings, showing patients aged 41–50 years having a normal mammographic finding (59%), which may be predominately due to the breast tissue composition of patients within this age group, the sedentary lifestyle of the population, compliance with screening routines, and lower exposure to cumulative factors as compared to patients aged 51–60 who were more affected by highly suggestive factors of malignancy (41%). Within the same age group of 41–50, the highest occurrence of BIRADS I, II, and III (a prevalence of benign lesions or early-stage malignancies) was observed. This is due to age-related changes in breast tissue composition, hormonal fluctuation, fibrocystic changes, etc. All these factors can lead to the presence of cysts and fibroadenoma. While having a high index of malignancy in the 51–60 age group is attributed to cumulative exposure to hormonal factors and genetic influences over time, leading to a higher likelihood of malignant findings, this corroborates with a study previously conducted by Muhammad et al., (2019). On the other hand, it varies from that of Umeh et al ., (2019), in which the research was carried out in a recently introduced center in Iyi Enu. Thus, the limited availability of diagnostic and screening mammographic services in this region hindered early detection and timely intervention, amplifying the risk of undiagnosed and untreated malignancies within the rural population. Using the BI-RADS classification, it was identified that 82% of patients may be considered free from invasive breast lesions (Class 0 to III), while 18% represented the group with possible malignant lesions (Class IV and V), similar to Joshi et al ., (2020) having BI-RADS II and I as the most frequent categories. This is in line with Gabkwet et al., (2020), which reported a high prevalence of benign lesions (BIRADS II) and a smaller proportion of malignant lesions. It is worthy of note that it could be linked to diagnostic criteria and practice across the studies. While it was revealed that 40.5% of patients fell within BIRADS grade II, followed by 26.1% in BIRADS grade I, and the least occurrence in BIRADS grade 0 (1.4%), These findings align with Gabkwet et al. 's (2020) conduced in Jos which has BI-RADS II as the most prevalent (40.3%), followed by BI-RADS II accounting for 27.3%. This could be attributed to the similarity in their ages. 5. SUMMARY 1. From this study, the most common Mammographic finding was Normal findings constituting 59%. 2. The study revealed a higher prevalence of benign findings (59%) in ages 41-50 and increased malignancy (41%) in ages 51-60, which also correlated with BI-RADS classifications. 3. The most common BI-RADS Category was CAT II. 6. CONCLUSION From this study, it can be deduced that most of the patient who came for Mammographic examinations at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital within the period of January 2020 to August 2023 revealed a higher prevalence of normal findings (59%) in ages 41-50 and increased malignancy (41%) in ages 51-60, which also correlated with BI-RADS II 7. RECOMMENDATIONS Based on the findings of this study, we recommend more elaborate studies involving larger sample size should be carried out. 7.1 AREAS OF FURTHER RECOMMENDATION Assessment of sonomammographic findings amongst patients at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno state. Assessment of Mammographic findings in women referred for screening mammography examinations in Northeastern Nigeria. References Akande, H.J., Olafimhan, B.B., Oyinloye, O.I. (2017). “A five-year audit of mammography in a tertiary hospital, North Central Nigeria”. Nigerian Medical Journal: Journal of Nigerian Medical Association ,56(3), p.213. Ebubedike, U.R., Umeh, E.O., Anyanwu, S.N.C. (2018). “Mammographic findings of breast cancer screening in patients with a positive family history in Iyienu, Southeast Nigeria”. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice , 21(6), p.801-806. Gabkwet, A.E., Gwom, P.M., Igoh, E.O., Taiwo, Y.F., Salaam, A.J., Danjem, S.M. (2020). “Breast Disease Pattern in Jos North Central Nigeria: A Review of Mammography Reports”. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 10(3), 106. ISSN 22503153. Murphy A, Gaillard F, Jones J. (2023)."Mammography" Radiopaedia.org [Online] Available at: htttps://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1644 [Accessed 16 aug 2023]. Joshi, B.R. (2020). “Pattern of Presentation of Mammography in a Developing Country”. Nepalese Journal of Radiology , 10(2), 33-37. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v10i2.35974. Kjelle, E., Chilanga, C. (2022).” The assessment of image quality and diagnostic value in x-ray images: a survey on radiographers’ reasons for rejecting images”. Insight imaging 13,36 [Online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-022-01169-9. Kumar, A., Suman, S. K., Prasad, U., Kumar, V. (2018). “Pattern of mammographic findings among females referred for mammography at a tertiary care center in IGIMS, Patna. J”. Evolution Medical and Dental Science , 7(8), 948-954. DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/217. Muhammad, S.B., Saidu, S.A., Maaji, S.M., Musa, A.I., Ibrahim, H.G., Gusau, S.B., et al. (2019). “Mammographic screening patterns in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria”. Sahel Medical Journal , 22(1), p.23. Qenam, B. A., Li, T., Tapia, K., & Brennan, P. C. (2020). The roles of clinical audit and test sets in promoting the quality of breast screening: a scoping review. Clinical radiology , 75(10), 794.e1–794.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.01.015 Pape, K.M. Spuur, J.M. Wilkinson, A. Zuhukepe. “A review of mammographic image quality in Papua New Guinea”. Journal of Medical Radiation Sciences , 69 (1) (2022), pp. 24- 29,10. 1002/jmrs.538 Mammography Study in Nigeria. Umeh, E.O., Ebubedike, U.R., Nwammuo, B.C. (2019).” Suspicious and malignant features on mammogram among women in a group of communities within south-east Nigeria”. International Journal Medicine Health Development , 24, p.23-27. World Health Organization. (2023). "Breast Cancer." WHO Fact Sheets . [Online] Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer. (Accessed May 26, 2023). Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6844746","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":468019291,"identity":"ea556d73-54fd-4d96-85e6-0d03fa02d89d","order_by":0,"name":"J.M. 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INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eMammography is the primary and most effective method for detecting breast cancer (Joshi \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2020). Due to its high sensitivity and specificity, relative availability, and affordability, it has an advantage over ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging procedures (Muhammad \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2019).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBreast cancer incidence in developed countries is higher, while relative mortality is greatest in less developed countries (Ebubedike \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2018). In 2020, there were 2.3 million women diagnosed with breast cancer and 685, 000 deaths globally. As of the end of 2020, there were 7.8 million women alive who were diagnosed with breast cancer in the past 5 years, making it the world\u0026rsquo;s most prevalent cancer (WHO,2020). In clinical practice, female patients frequently complain about breast symptoms and disorders, which is not unusual in Nigeria. The significant morbidity and mortality caused by breast disease, particularly malignant tumors, is a major concern for the world (Kumar \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2018). \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the American Cancer Society, all women are at risk for developing breast cancer, and it is estimated that one woman in every eight will develop this disease during their lifetime. A majority of such women will not have previous family or exposure histories that would have placed them at higher risk (Gabkwet \u003cem\u003eet al., \u003c/em\u003e2020). In general, women with a first-degree family history affected by the disease have more than twice the risk of developing breast cancer as the general population (Ebubedike \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe body\u0026apos;s normal physiological or pathological state has a significant impact on breast density. Physiological conditions influencing breast density are age, ethnicity, obesity, parity, and stages of the menstrual cycle, and typically there is an inverse relationship between a patient\u0026rsquo;s age and mammographic breast density (Kumar \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe American College of Radiology\u0026apos;s BI-RADS system is used to classify mammographic density, and the breast parenchymal pattern or proportion density is mostly a reflection of the ratio of glandular tissue to fatty tissue. The relative proportion of radiolucent fat, dense connective tissue, and glandular epithelium within the breast can vary depending on the appearance of the breast as seen on mammograms (Akande \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEnsuring optimal mammographic images is paramount in order to enhance the radiologist\u0026rsquo;s capability to interpret and read mammograms (Pape et al., 2022). High image quality is indispensable for the accurate diagnosis and detection of breast abnormalities. Factors contributing to good image quality encompass resolution, contrast, noise, proper positioning, compression, exposure settings, artifact minimization, and equipment calibration. The cooperation of patients in minimizing movement during image acquisition also plays a role in achieving optimal image quality (Murphy, 2023). Assessing the quality of diagnostic images is subjective and influenced by factors such as the education, skill, and experience of the assessor (Kjelle and Chilanga, 2022).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDocumenting the pattern and distribution of mammographic findings in women will highlight the prevalence of different breast diseases among the various age groups of symptomatic females (Kumar \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2018).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital in Borno State routinely performs diagnostic mammography to evaluate breast health in patients. Despite an advancement in mammographic technology and understanding, there is a need to comprehensively analyze mammographic image findings within specific demographics, to better tailor diagnostic and treatment approaches. This research aims to investigate the distribution and characteristics of mammographic findings, identify prevalent conditions, understand age-related patterns, and provide valuable insights into the prevailing breast health conditions among the studied population. The results of this research will contribute to a better understanding of the breast health landscape in the region, enabling improved healthcare planning and patient education (Qenam, 2020).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2. METHODOLOGY","content":"\u003cp\u003eRetrospective cross-sectional study was adopted and secondary source of data was employed for the study. Patient request form, result sheet at the archive section of the Radiology Department University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital was assessed. The Study population included all result sheet of diagnostic mammograms within the period of January 2020 to August 2023. Result sheet of diagnostic mammograms at University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital within the period were include while result sheet from other imaging modality, incomplete results were excluded from the study, Details of patients who meet the inclusion criteria was recorded on a data capture sheet. Data was analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) Version 23, descriptive statistics such as percentage and frequencies was generated from the existing data. Ethical clearance was obtained from the research and ethics committee, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. All information obtained was treated with utmost confidentiality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS ","content":"\u003cp\u003ePatterns of mammographic finding of two hundred and twenty-two (222) patients who underwent mammographic examination at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital were reviewed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.1 shows the frequency distribution of patients who underwent mammography based on the age, mammographic findings and BIRADS classification. The mean age of the patients was 47.5years. Number of patients within 41-50 years was the highest constituting about 46.4% (n=103) of the entire patients. \u0026nbsp; Normal mammographic findings occurred the most (about 26.1% of the mammographic findings) followed by highly suggestive findings of malignancy (13.5%), benign findings of ductal ectasia (6.3%) and probably benign findings (6.3%). About 40.5% (n=90) of the patients were found to be within BIRADS grade II which presents the highest in the sample population followed by BIRADS grade I which constitutes about 26.1% (n=58) of the patients and BIRADS grade 0 having the least occurrence (1.4%).\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDistribution of the various parameters\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMammographic Findings\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of breast lipoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of complex simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of ductal ectasia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of fibroadenoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of intramammary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of multiple simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of simple Breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast abscess\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInconclusive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMastitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suspicious lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of complex breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of intraductal papilloma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 278px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 114px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e222\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 126px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e100.0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.2 represents the relationship between age of patients and lesion classifications. The X2 = 24.362, p-value \u0026gt; 0.05 which implies that there is no significant difference between the ages of patients and the class of lesion. From the table, it was observed that patients within the ages of 41-50 years had the highest BIRADS grading of I, II and III lesions i.e. about 53.4%, 47.8%, and 52% of all the respective lesions. The result indicated that age group of 31-70 years has a high index of malignancy but the most vulnerable age group is between 51-60 years.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelationship between age of patient and BIRADS lesion classifications\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"689\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge of Patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 499px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBI-RADS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21-30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31-40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41-50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51-60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61-70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 107px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 86px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e58\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 80px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e90\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 83px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e222\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e = 24.362, p-value \u0026gt; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.3 shows the relationship between the mammographic findings and the ages of patients. The X2 = 233.178 and p-value \u0026lt; 0.05 which implies that there is significant difference between the ages of patients and the mammographic findings. The age group mostly affected during the review was 41-50 years followed by 51-60 years age group accounting for about 46.4% and 27% respectively. Normal mammographic findings were the most frequent among patients within the ages of 41-50 years, about 59% of all patients with normal findings. Patients within the ages of 51-60 years were the most affected with lesions highly suggestive of malignancy (about 47% of all patients within this category.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelationship between mammographic findings and age of patient\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"640\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"5\" style=\"width: 320px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge of patients\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; Total\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMammographic findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e21-30\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31-40\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e41-50\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e51-60\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e61-70\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of breast lipoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of complex simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of ductal ectasia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of fibroadenoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of intramammary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of multiple simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast abscess\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInconclusive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMastitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suspicious lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of complex breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of intraductal papilloma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 256px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e40\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e103\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e60\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 64px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e222\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e = 233.178, p-value \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4.4 identifies the BI-RADS classification of lesions observed on the mammograms during the study. Based on the BIRADS grading system, class 0 to III showed that 182 patients (about 82% of all the patients) may be considered free from invasive breast lesions. However, class IV and V with a total number of 40 patients (18%) represented the group with possible malignant lesions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4.4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelationship between mammographic findings and BIRADS grades\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"689\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMammographic findings\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width: 355px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBI-RADS\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e0\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eV\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign finding of left multiple intramammary and axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of axillary lymphadenopathy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of breast lipoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of complex simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of ductal ectasia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of fibroadenoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of intramammary lymph node\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of multiple simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBenign findings of simple breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBreast abscess\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHighly suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInconclusive\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMastitis\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suggestive of malignancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eModerately suspicious lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of complex breast cysts\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProbably benign findings of intraductal papilloma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 282px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e58\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e90\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e31\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 60px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e20\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 52px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e222\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eX\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e = 530.444, p-value \u0026lt; 0.05\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eMammography retains its status as the gold standard in breast cancer screening and diagnosis, owing to its effectiveness in revealing small tumors that may not be detectable through clinical examination (Joshi \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e 2020).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study conducted at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital involved the comprehensive review of 222 reports, representing 100% of the data. This study aimed to shed light on various aspects related to patient demographics and age distribution. Remarkably, the mean age of the patients in this investigation was determined to be 47.5 years, constituting 46.4% of the studied population. These demographic pattern echoes the outcomes of a study conducted by Umeh \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e, (2019), where a comparable mean age of 49.1 years was reported. The coherence in age distribution between this study and that of Umeh \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e suggests a potential similarity in the population structure under investigation, reinforcing the reliability of this findings.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, this result aligns with the research by Muhammad \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e in 2019, wherein screening mammography was predominantly performed on individuals aged 40 and above. Furthermore, this investigation revealed a noteworthy vulnerability among patients within the 51\u0026ndash;60 age group, particularly in relation to lesions exhibiting a high likelihood of malignancy. This susceptibility could potentially be attributed to a combination of factors, including a decrease in hormonal secretion and socioeconomic status. The interplay of these factors may influence health-seeking behaviors and awareness levels among individuals in this age bracket, consequently impacting the early detection and management of breast lesions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe association between hormonal changes and vulnerability to malignancy aligns with Gabkwet \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e (2020). Hormonal fluctuations, often more pronounced during the transitional period between the fifth and sixth decades of life, can contribute to alterations in breast tissue and increase the risk of malignant lesions. Additionally, the influence of socioeconomic status on health outcomes has been well-documented in Umeh \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2019), with limited access to healthcare resources and awareness programs potentially hindering timely interventions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFrom this study, the most common mammographic findings were normal (26.1%), followed by highly suggestive findings of malignancy (13.5%). This is in line with Gabkwet \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e (2020), which could be due to similarities in age and predisposing factors associated with a common lifestyle. However, the normal mammographic findings were the most prevalent (26.1%) differs from the result of Kumar \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e (2018), who found that a significant proportion of individuals had positive mammographic findings indicative of malignant breast conditions. Several factors could contribute to these discrepancies. Firstly, there is variation in demographic characteristics, including differences in familial history, body habits, and age distribution. Additionally, environmental exposure unique to this studied population, such as regional lifestyle factors or genetic predisposition, could contribute to the observed differences.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, an exploration of the relationship between age, BIRADS, and lesion classification reveals significant insights into the pattern and distribution of mammographic findings, showing patients aged 41\u0026ndash;50 years having a normal mammographic finding (59%), which may be predominately due to the breast tissue composition of patients within this age group, the sedentary lifestyle of the population, compliance with screening routines, and lower exposure to cumulative factors as compared to patients aged 51\u0026ndash;60 who were more affected by highly suggestive factors of malignancy (41%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the same age group of 41\u0026ndash;50, the highest occurrence of BIRADS I, II, and III (a prevalence of benign lesions or early-stage malignancies) was observed. This is due to age-related changes in breast tissue composition, hormonal fluctuation, fibrocystic changes, etc. All these factors can lead to the presence of cysts and fibroadenoma. While having a high index of malignancy in the 51\u0026ndash;60 age group is attributed to cumulative exposure to hormonal factors and genetic influences over time, leading to a higher likelihood of malignant findings, this corroborates with a study previously conducted by Muhammad \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u003c/em\u003e (2019). On the other hand, it varies from that of Umeh \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2019), in which the research was carried out in a recently introduced center in Iyi Enu. Thus, the limited availability of diagnostic and screening mammographic services in this region hindered early detection and timely intervention, amplifying the risk of undiagnosed and untreated malignancies within the rural population.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the BI-RADS classification, it was identified that 82% of patients may be considered free from invasive breast lesions (Class 0 to III), while 18% represented the group with possible malignant lesions (Class IV and V), similar to Joshi \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., (2020) having BI-RADS II and I as the most frequent categories. This is in line with Gabkwet \u003cem\u003eet al.,\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(2020), which reported a high prevalence of benign lesions (BIRADS II) and a smaller proportion of malignant lesions. It is worthy of note that it could be linked to diagnostic criteria and practice across the studies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;While it was revealed that 40.5% of patients fell within BIRADS grade II, followed by 26.1% in BIRADS grade I, and the least occurrence in BIRADS grade 0 (1.4%), These findings align with Gabkwet \u003cem\u003eet al.\u003c/em\u003e\u0026apos;s (2020) conduced in Jos which has BI-RADS II as the most prevalent (40.3%), followed by BI-RADS II accounting for 27.3%. This could be attributed to the similarity in their ages.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. SUMMARY","content":"\u003cp\u003e1. From this study, the most common Mammographic finding was Normal findings constituting 59%.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. The study revealed a higher prevalence of benign findings (59%) in ages 41-50 and increased malignancy (41%) in ages 51-60, which also correlated with BI-RADS classifications.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. The most common BI-RADS Category was CAT II.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eFrom this study, it can be deduced that most of the patient who came for Mammographic examinations at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital within the period of January 2020 to August 2023 revealed a higher prevalence of normal findings (59%) in ages 41-50 and increased malignancy (41%) in ages 51-60, which also correlated with BI-RADS II\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"7. RECOMMENDATIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eBased on the findings of this study, we recommend more elaborate studies involving larger sample size should be carried out.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"_Toc159398174\"\u003e7.1\u0026nbsp; AREAS OF FURTHER RECOMMENDATION\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssessment of sonomammographic findings amongst patients at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno state.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAssessment of Mammographic findings in women referred for screening mammography examinations in Northeastern Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAkande, H.J., Olafimhan, B.B., Oyinloye, O.I. (2017). \u0026ldquo;A five-year audit of mammography in a tertiary hospital, North Central Nigeria\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eNigerian Medical Journal: Journal of Nigerian Medical Association\u003c/em\u003e,56(3), p.213.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEbubedike, U.R., Umeh, E.O., Anyanwu, S.N.C. (2018). \u0026ldquo;Mammographic findings of breast cancer screening in patients with a positive family history in Iyienu, Southeast Nigeria\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eNigerian Journal of Clinical Practice\u003c/em\u003e, 21(6), p.801-806.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGabkwet, A.E., Gwom, P.M., Igoh, E.O., Taiwo, Y.F., Salaam, A.J., Danjem, S.M. (2020). \u0026ldquo;Breast Disease Pattern in Jos North Central Nigeria: A Review of Mammography Reports\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal of Scientific and Research Publications,\u003c/em\u003e 10(3), 106. ISSN 22503153.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMurphy A, Gaillard F, Jones J. (2023).\u0026quot;Mammography\u0026quot;\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eRadiopaedia.org\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e[Online]\u0026nbsp;\u003cbr\u003e\u0026nbsp;Available at: htttps://doi.org/10.53347/rID-1644 [Accessed 16 aug 2023].\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eJoshi, B.R. (2020). \u0026ldquo;Pattern of Presentation of Mammography in a Developing Country\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eNepalese Journal of Radiology\u003c/em\u003e, 10(2), 33-37. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v10i2.35974.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKjelle, E., Chilanga, C. (2022).\u0026rdquo; The assessment of image quality and diagnostic value in x-ray images: a survey on radiographers\u0026rsquo; reasons for rejecting images\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eInsight imaging\u003c/em\u003e 13,36 [Online] Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13244-022-01169-9.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKumar, A., Suman, S. K., Prasad, U., Kumar, V. (2018). \u0026ldquo;Pattern of mammographic findings among females referred for mammography at a tertiary care center in IGIMS, Patna. J\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eEvolution Medical and Dental Science\u003c/em\u003e, 7(8), 948-954. DOI: 10.14260/jemds/2018/217.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMuhammad, S.B., Saidu, S.A., Maaji, S.M., Musa, A.I., Ibrahim, H.G., Gusau, S.B., et al. (2019). \u0026ldquo;Mammographic screening patterns in Sokoto, Northwestern Nigeria\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eSahel Medical Journal\u003c/em\u003e, 22(1), p.23.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eQenam, B. A., Li, T., Tapia, K., \u0026amp; Brennan, P. C. (2020). The roles of clinical audit and test sets in promoting the quality of breast screening: a scoping review.\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Clinical radiology\u003c/em\u003e, 75(10), 794.e1\u0026ndash;794.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2020.01.015\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;Pape, K.M. Spuur, J.M. Wilkinson, A. Zuhukepe. \u0026ldquo;A review of mammographic image quality in Papua New Guinea\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Medical Radiation Sciences\u003c/em\u003e, 69 (1) (2022), pp. 24- 29,10. 1002/jmrs.538 Mammography Study in Nigeria.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUmeh, E.O., Ebubedike, U.R., Nwammuo, B.C. (2019).\u0026rdquo; Suspicious and malignant features on mammogram among women in a group of communities within south-east Nigeria\u0026rdquo;. \u003cem\u003eInternational Journal Medicine Health Development\u003c/em\u003e, 24, p.23-27.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWorld Health Organization. (2023). \u0026quot;Breast Cancer.\u0026quot; \u003cem\u003eWHO Fact Sheets\u003c/em\u003e. [Online] Available at:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/breast-cancer. (Accessed May 26, 2023).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"University of Maiduguri","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Mammographic findings, BI-RADS, Pattern, Diagnostic Mammography, breast density","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6844746/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6844746/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOBJECTIVES:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e To determine the pattern of mammographic image findings at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTo determine the relationship between age, mammographic findings and BI-RADS of symptomatic patients.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTo determine the most common BI-RADS category.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMETHOD:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e A retrospective cross-sectional study was utilized to investigate mammographic findings, BI-RADS, and their relationship to diagnostic mammography at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State. 222 patients were recruited for this research. The research. Data were sourced from diagnostic mammogram result sheets at the Radiology Department, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, covering the period from January 2020 to August 2023. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages generated for the study.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRESULTS: \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003eThe study reveals that 40.5% of patients fall within BI-RADS grade II, indicating the highest occurrence, followed by 26.1% in grade I. The mean age of patients is 47.5 years, with the highest frequency found in the 41–50 age group. Benign mammographic findings are predominant (26.1%), followed by highly suggestive malignancies (13.5%) and benign ductal ectasia (6.3%).\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCONCLUSION:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e This study provides valuable insights into the patterns of mammographic findings at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital. The prevalence of specific BI-RADS categories and age-related patterns contributes to a better understanding of breast health in the region. These findings can inform healthcare planning, enhance patient care, and contribute to public education regarding breast cancer trends and patterns.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Mammographic Findings, Bi-rads and Their Relationship to Diagnostic Mammography at the University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, Borno State","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-12 18:48:46","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6844746/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5027a439-c46d-4055-a3cf-7f85b0329125","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 12th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":49882661,"name":"Nuclear Medicine \u0026 Medical Imaging"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-12T18:48:46+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-12 18:48:46","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6844746","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6844746","identity":"rs-6844746","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}