Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series

Successful single-center experiences of laser... | F1000Research "use strict";function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){var t=function(){var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;for(;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=r.parent}t||(!function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r 3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)&&null!==o?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))};"undefined"!=typeof module?module.exports=t:t()}(); dataLayer = dataLayer || []; // Standard GTM initialization - Google Consent Mode handles consent automatically (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl+ '>m_auth=hzk0Vc3qFsQYhCrIoHz68A>m_preview=env-1>m_cookies_win=x';f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MWFK8L5J'); ;window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.init={distributed_tracing:{enabled:true},privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}}; ;NREUM.loader_config={accountID:"438030",trustKey:"438030",agentID:"772317073",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073"} ;NREUM.info={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net",licenseKey:"97f8f67f26",applicationID:"772317073",sa:1} ;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.236.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{"use strict";var e,t,r={5763:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P_:()=>l,Mt:()=>g,C5:()=>s,DL:()=>v,OP:()=>T,lF:()=>D,Yu:()=>y,Dg:()=>h,CX:()=>c,GE:()=>b,sU:()=>_});var n=r(8632),i=r(9567);const o={beacon:n.ce.beacon,errorBeacon:n.ce.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.D)(t,o),(0,n.Qy)(e,a[e],"info")}var u=r(7056);const d=()=>{const e={blockSelector:"[data-nr-block]",maskInputOptions:{password:!0}};return{allow_bfcache:!0,privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},ajax:{deny_list:void 0,enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},session:{domain:void 0,expiresMs:u.oD,inactiveMs:u.Hb},ssl:void 0,obfuscate:void 0,jserrors:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},metrics:{enabled:!0},page_action:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30},page_view_event:{enabled:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:30,long_task:!1},session_trace:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10},harvest:{tooManyRequestsDelay:60},session_replay:{enabled:!1,harvestTimeSeconds:60,sampleRate:.1,errorSampleRate:.1,maskTextSelector:"*",maskAllInputs:!0,get blockClass(){return"nr-block"},get ignoreClass(){return"nr-ignore"},get maskTextClass(){return"nr-mask"},get blockSelector(){return e.blockSelector},set blockSelector(t){e.blockSelector+=",".concat(t)},get maskInputOptions(){return e.maskInputOptions},set maskInputOptions(t){e.maskInputOptions={...t,password:!0}}},spa:{enabled:!0,harvestTimeSeconds:10}}},f={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");if(!f[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return f[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");f[e]=(0,i.D)(t,d()),(0,n.Qy)(e,f[e],"config")}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All configuration objects require an agent identifier!");var r=l(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i {r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(50);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires an object as input");if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.Z)("Setting a Configurable requires a model to set its initial properties");const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occurred while setting a property of a Configurable",e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting a Configurable",e)}}},6818:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Re:()=>i,gF:()=>o,q4:()=>n});const n="1.236.0",i="PROD",o="CDN"},385:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{FN:()=>a,IF:()=>u,Nk:()=>f,Tt:()=>s,_A:()=>o,il:()=>n,pL:()=>c,v6:()=>i,w1:()=>d});const n="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,i="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=n?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=""+o?.location,s=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(navigator.userAgent),c=s&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,u=(()=>{const e=navigator.userAgent.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),d=Boolean(n&&window.document.documentMode),f=!!navigator.sendBeacon},1117:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{w:()=>o});var n=r(50);const i={agentIdentifier:"",ee:void 0};class o{constructor(e){try{if("object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.Z)("shared context requires an object as input");this.sharedContext={},Object.assign(this.sharedContext,i),Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,r]=e;Object.keys(i).includes(t)&&(this.sharedContext[t]=r)}))}catch(e){(0,n.Z)("An error occured while setting SharedContext",e)}}}},8e3:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{L:()=>d,R:()=>c});var n=r(2177),i=r(1284),o=r(4322),a=r(3325);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:a.p[t]||0};u(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e){e&&(s[e]||(s[e]=new Map))}function d(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:"",t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:"feature";if(u(e),!e||!s[e].get(t))return a(t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0;const r=[...s[e]];function a(t){const r=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,a=o.X.handlers;if(r.backlog&&a){var s=r.backlog[t],c=a[t];if(c){for(var u=0;s&&u {let[t,r]=e;return r.staged}))&&(r.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),r.forEach((e=>{let[t]=e;a(t)})))}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];(0,i.D)(t[r],(function(t,r){var n=e[0];if(r[0]===n){var i=r[1],o=e[3],a=e[2];i.apply(o,a)}}))}},2177:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{c:()=>f,ee:()=>u});var n=r(8632),i=r(2210),o=r(1284),a=r(5763),s="nr@context";let c=(0,n.fP)();var u;function d(){}function f(e){return(0,i.X)(e,s,l)}function l(){return new d}function h(){u.aborted=!0,u.backlog={}}c.ee?u=c.ee:(u=function e(t,r){var n={},c={},f={},g=!1;try{g=16===r.length&&(0,a.OP)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var p={on:b,addEventListener:b,removeEventListener:y,emit:v,get:x,listeners:w,context:m,buffer:A,abort:h,aborted:!1,isBuffering:E,debugId:r,backlog:g?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{}};return p;function m(e){return e&&e instanceof d?e:e?(0,i.X)(e,s,l):l()}function v(e,r,n,i,o){if(!1!==o&&(o=!0),!u.aborted||i){t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=m(n),s=w(e),d=s.length,f=0;fn,p:()=>i});var n=r(2177).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},4322:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>o});var n=r(5546);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.E,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.E);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3239:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{bP:()=>s,iz:()=>c,m$:()=>a});var n=r(385);let i=!1,o=!1;try{const e={get passive(){return i=!0,!1},get signal(){return o=!0,!1}};n._A.addEventListener("test",null,e),n._A.removeEventListener("test",null,e)}catch(e){}function a(e,t){return i||o?{capture:!!e,passive:i,signal:t}:!!e}function s(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;window.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}function c(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2],n=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;document.addEventListener(e,t,a(r,n))}},4402:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Ht:()=>u,M:()=>c,Rl:()=>a,ky:()=>s});var n=r(385);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,++r).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n._A?.crypto||n._A?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(31)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s {r.d(t,{Bq:()=>n,Hb:()=>o,oD:()=>i});const n="NRBA",i=144e5,o=18e5},7894:(e,t,r)=>{function n(){return Math.round(performance.now())}r.d(t,{z:()=>n})},7243:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{e:()=>o});var n=r(385),i={};function o(e){if(e in i)return i[e];if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};let t;var r=n._A?.location,o={};if(n.il)t=document.createElement("a"),t.href=e;else try{t=new URL(e,r.href)}catch(e){return o}o.port=t.port;var a=t.href.split("://");!o.port&&a[1]&&(o.port=a[1].split("/")[0].split("@").pop().split(":")[1]),o.port&&"0"!==o.port||(o.port="https"===a[0]?"443":"80"),o.hostname=t.hostname||r.hostname,o.pathname=t.pathname,o.protocol=a[0],"/"!==o.pathname.charAt(0)&&(o.pathname="/"+o.pathname);var s=!t.protocol||":"===t.protocol||t.protocol===r.protocol,c=t.hostname===r.hostname&&t.port===r.port;return o.sameOrigin=s&&(!t.hostname||c),"/"===o.pathname&&(i[e]=o),o}},50:(e,t,r)=>{function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.warn&&(console.warn("New Relic: ".concat(e)),t&&console.warn(t))}r.d(t,{Z:()=>n})},2587:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>c,T:()=>u});var n=r(2177),i=r(5546),o=r(8e3),a=r(3325);const s={stn:[a.D.sessionTrace],err:[a.D.jserrors,a.D.metrics],ins:[a.D.pageAction],spa:[a.D.spa],sr:[a.D.sessionReplay,a.D.sessionTrace]};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);e&&"object"==typeof e&&(Object.entries(e).forEach((e=>{let[t,n]=e;void 0===u[t]&&(s[t]?s[t].forEach((e=>{n?(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,e,r):(0,i.p)("block-"+t,[],void 0,e,r),(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+t,[Boolean(n)],void 0,e,r)})):n&&(0,i.p)("feat-"+t,[],void 0,void 0,r),u[t]=Boolean(n))})),Object.keys(s).forEach((e=>{void 0===u[e]&&(s[e]?.forEach((t=>(0,i.p)("rumresp-"+e,[!1],void 0,t,r))),u[e]=!1)})),(0,o.L)(t,a.D.pageViewEvent))}const u={}},2210:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{X:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},1284:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n});const n=(e,t)=>Object.entries(e||{}).map((e=>{let[r,n]=e;return t(r,n)}))},4351:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{P:()=>o});var n=r(2177);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}}},3960:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{K:()=>a,b:()=>o});var n=r(3239);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.bP)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.iz)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},8632:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{EZ:()=>u,Qy:()=>c,ce:()=>o,fP:()=>a,gG:()=>d,mF:()=>s});var n=r(7894),i=r(385);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return i._A.NREUM||(i._A.NREUM={}),void 0===i._A.newrelic&&(i._A.newrelic=i._A.NREUM),i._A.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:i._A.setTimeout,SI:i._A.setImmediate,CT:i._A.clearTimeout,XHR:i._A.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:i._A.Request,EV:i._A.Event,PR:i._A.Promise,MO:i._A.MutationObserver,FETCH:i._A.fetch}),e}function c(e,t,r){let i=a();const o=i.initializedAgents||{},s=o[e]||{};return Object.keys(s).length||(s.initializedAt={ms:(0,n.z)(),date:new Date}),i.initializedAgents={...o,[e]:{...s,[r]:t}},i}function u(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},7956:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{N:()=>i});var n=r(3239);function i(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]&&arguments[1],r=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,i=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0;return void(0,n.iz)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"==document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},1214:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{em:()=>v,u5:()=>N,QU:()=>S,_L:()=>I,Gm:()=>L,Lg:()=>M,gy:()=>U,BV:()=>Q,Kf:()=>ee});var n=r(2177);const i="nr@original";var o=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,a=!1;function s(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");var a,s,c,u="-"===n.charAt(0);for(c=0;c 2?n-2:0),o=2;o {r(A[T],e,w),r(E[T],e,w)})),r(l._A,"fetch",y),t.on(y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(y+"done",[e],n)})),t}const O={},j=["pushState","replaceState"];function S(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("history")}(e);return!l.il||O[t.debugId]++||(O[t.debugId]=1,s(t).inPlace(window.history,j,"-")),t}var P=r(3239);const C={},R=["appendChild","insertBefore","replaceChild"];function I(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("jsonp")}(e);if(!l.il||C[t.debugId])return t;C[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=/[?&](?:callback|cb)=([^&#]+)/,o=/(.*)\.([^.]+)/,a=/^(\w+)(\.|$)(.*)$/;function c(e,t){var r=e.match(a),n=r[1],i=r[3];return i?c(i,t[n]):t[n]}return r.inPlace(Node.prototype,R,"dom-"),t.on("dom-start",(function(e){!function(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e.nodeName||"script"!==e.nodeName.toLowerCase())return;if("function"!=typeof e.addEventListener)return;var n=(a=e.src,s=a.match(i),s?s[1]:null);var a,s;if(!n)return;var u=function(e){var t=e.match(o);if(t&&t.length>=3)return{key:t[2],parent:c(t[1],window)};return{key:e,parent:window}}(n);if("function"!=typeof u.parent[u.key])return;var d={};function f(){t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}function l(){t.emit("jsonp-error",[],d),t.emit("jsonp-end",[],d),e.removeEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.removeEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1))}r.inPlace(u.parent,[u.key],"cb-",d),e.addEventListener("load",f,(0,P.m$)(!1)),e.addEventListener("error",l,(0,P.m$)(!1)),t.emit("new-jsonp",[e.src],d)}(e[0])})),t}var k=r(5763);const H={};function L(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("mutation")}(e);if(!l.il||H[t.debugId])return t;H[t.debugId]=!0;var r=s(t),i=k.Yu.MO;return i&&(window.MutationObserver=function(e){return this instanceof i?new i(r(e,"fn-")):i.apply(this,arguments)},MutationObserver.prototype=i.prototype),t}const z={};function M(e){const t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("promise")}(e);if(z[t.debugId])return t;z[t.debugId]=!0;var r=n.c,o=s(t),a=k.Yu.PR;return a&&function(){function e(r){var n=t.context(),i=o(r,"executor-",n,null,!1);const s=Reflect.construct(a,[i],e);return t.context(s).getCtx=function(){return n},s}l._A.Promise=e,Object.defineProperty(e,"name",{value:"Promise"}),e.toString=function(){return a.toString()},Object.setPrototypeOf(e,a),["all","race"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){let i=!1;[...e||[]].forEach((e=>{this.resolve(e).then(a("all"===r),a(!1))}));const o=n.apply(this,arguments);return o;function a(e){return function(){t.emit("propagate",[null,!i],o,!1,!1),i=i||!e}}}})),["resolve","reject"].forEach((function(r){const n=a[r];e[r]=function(e){const r=n.apply(this,arguments);return e!==r&&t.emit("propagate",[e,!0],r,!1,!1),r}})),e.prototype=a.prototype;const n=a.prototype.then;a.prototype.then=function(){var e=this,i=r(e);i.promise=e;for(var a=arguments.length,s=new Array(a),c=0;c e())),t};function m(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",E)}function b(){var e=this,t=r.context(e);e.readyState>3&&!t.resolved&&(t.resolved=!0,r.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,f,"fn-",E)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,p),p.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,J,"-xhr-",E),r.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){m(e,t),function(e){h.push(e),a&&(y?y.then(A):u?u(A):(w=-w,x.data=w))}(t)})),r.on("open-xhr-start",m),a){var y=c&&c.resolve();if(!u&&!c){var w=1,x=document.createTextNode(w);new a(A).observe(x,{characterData:!0})}}else t.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||A()}));function A(){for(var e=0;e {r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.ajax},6660:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{A:()=>i,t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.jserrors,i="nr@seenError"},3081:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{gF:()=>o,mY:()=>i,t9:()=>n,vz:()=>s,xS:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},4649:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageAction},7633:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{Dz:()=>i,OJ:()=>a,qw:()=>o,t9:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewEvent,i="firstbyte",o="domcontent",a="windowload"},9251:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{t:()=>n});const n=r(3325).D.pageViewTiming},3614:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BST_RESOURCE:()=>i,END:()=>s,FEATURE_NAME:()=>n,FN_END:()=>u,FN_START:()=>c,PUSH_STATE:()=>d,RESOURCE:()=>o,START:()=>a});const n=r(3325).D.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState"},7836:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{BODY:()=>A,CB_END:()=>E,CB_START:()=>u,END:()=>x,FEATURE_NAME:()=>i,FETCH:()=>_,FETCH_BODY:()=>v,FETCH_DONE:()=>m,FETCH_START:()=>p,FN_END:()=>c,FN_START:()=>s,INTERACTION:()=>l,INTERACTION_API:()=>d,INTERACTION_EVENTS:()=>o,JSONP_END:()=>b,JSONP_NODE:()=>g,JS_TIME:()=>T,MAX_TIMER_BUDGET:()=>a,REMAINING:()=>f,SPA_NODE:()=>h,START:()=>w,originalSetTimeout:()=>y});var n=r(5763);const i=r(3325).D.spa,o=["click","submit","keypress","keydown","keyup","change"],a=999,s="fn-start",c="fn-end",u="cb-start",d="api-ixn-",f="remaining",l="interaction",h="spaNode",g="jsonpNode",p="fetch-start",m="fetch-done",v="fetch-body-",b="jsonp-end",y=n.Yu.ST,w="-start",x="-end",A="-body",E="cb"+x,T="jsTime",_="fetch"},5938:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(5763),i=r(2177);class o{constructor(e,t,r){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.aggregator=t,this.ee=i.ee.get(e,(0,n.OP)(this.agentIdentifier).isolatedBacklog),this.featureName=r,this.blocked=!1}}},9144:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{j:()=>m});var n=r(3325),i=r(5763),o=r(5546),a=r(2177),s=r(7894),c=r(8e3),u=r(3960),d=r(385),f=r(50),l=r(3081),h=r(8632);function g(){const e=(0,h.gG)();["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId"].forEach((t=>{e[t]=function(){for(var r=arguments.length,n=new Array(r),i=0;i 1?r-1:0),i=1;i {e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&o.push(e.api[t](...n))})),o.length>1?o:o[0]}(t,...n)}}))}var p=r(2587);function m(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:{},m=arguments.length>2?arguments[2]:void 0,v=arguments.length>3?arguments[3]:void 0,{init:b,info:y,loader_config:w,runtime:x={loaderType:m},exposed:A=!0}=t;const E=(0,h.gG)();y||(b=E.init,y=E.info,w=E.loader_config),(0,i.Dg)(e,b||{}),(0,i.GE)(e,w||{}),(0,i.sU)(e,x),y.jsAttributes??={},d.v6&&(y.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.CX)(e,y),g();const T=function(e,t){t||(0,c.R)(e,"api");const h={};var g=a.ee.get(e),p=g.get("tracer"),m="api-",v=m+"ixn-";function b(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.C5)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.CX)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),x(m,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function y(){}["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","inlineHit","addRelease"].forEach((e=>h[e]=x(m,e,!0,"api"))),h.addPageAction=x(m,"addPageAction",!0,n.D.pageAction),h.setCurrentRouteName=x(m,"routeName",!0,n.D.spa),h.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,i.OP)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,x(m,"setPageViewName",!0)()},h.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t){let r=arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2]&&arguments[2];if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return b(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nNon-null value must be a string or number type, but a type of was provided."))}else(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setCustomAttribute.\nName must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return b("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,f.Z)("Failed to execute setUserId.\nNon-null value must be a string type, but a type of was provided."))},h.interaction=function(){return(new y).get()};var w=y.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,a="function"==typeof t;return(0,o.p)(v+"tracer",[(0,s.z)(),e,r],i,n.D.spa,g),function(){if(p.emit((a?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,s.z)(),i,a],r),a)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){throw p.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,"string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e],r),e}finally{p.emit("fn-end",[(0,s.z)()],r)}}}};function x(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),i&&(0,o.p)(e+t,[(0,s.z)(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,g),r?void 0:this}}function A(){r.e(439).then(r.bind(r,7438)).then((t=>{let{setAPI:r}=t;r(e),(0,c.L)(e,"api")})).catch((()=>(0,f.Z)("Downloading runtime APIs failed...")))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{w[e]=x(v,e,void 0,n.D.spa)})),h.noticeError=function(e,t){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,o.p)(l.xS,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.D.metrics,g),(0,o.p)("err",[e,(0,s.z)(),!1,t],void 0,n.D.jserrors,g)},d.il?(0,u.b)((()=>A()),!0):A(),h}(e,v);return(0,h.Qy)(e,T,"api"),(0,h.Qy)(e,A,"exposed"),(0,h.EZ)("activatedFeatures",p.T),T}},3325:(e,t,r)=>{r.d(t,{D:()=>n,p:()=>i});const n={ajax:"ajax",jserrors:"jserrors",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",spa:"spa"},i={[n.pageViewEvent]:1,[n.pageViewTiming]:2,[n.metrics]:3,[n.jserrors]:4,[n.ajax]:5,[n.sessionTrace]:6,[n.pageAction]:7,[n.spa]:8,[n.sessionReplay]:9}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>(({78:"page_action-aggregate",147:"metrics-aggregate",242:"session-manager",317:"jserrors-aggregate",348:"page_view_timing-aggregate",412:"lazy-feature-loader",439:"async-api",538:"recorder",590:"session_replay-aggregate",675:"compressor",733:"session_trace-aggregate",786:"page_view_event-aggregate",873:"spa-aggregate",898:"ajax-aggregate"}[e]||e)+"."+{78:"ac76d497",147:"3dc53903",148:"1a20d5fe",242:"2a64278a",317:"49e41428",348:"bd6de33a",412:"2f55ce66",439:"30bd804e",538:"1b18459f",590:"cf0efb30",675:"ae9f91a8",733:"83105561",786:"06482edd",860:"03a8b7a5",873:"e6b09d52",898:"998ef92b"}[e]+"-1.236.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d {s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(h);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},h=setTimeout(l.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=l.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=l.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.j=364,i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={364:0,953:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u {i.r(o);var e=i(3325),t=i(5763);const r=Object.values(e.D);function n(e){const n={};return r.forEach((r=>{n[r]=function(e,r){return!1!==(0,t.Mt)(r,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),n}var a=i(9144);var s=i(5546),c=i(385),u=i(8e3),d=i(5938),f=i(3960),l=i(50);class h extends d.W{constructor(e,t,r){let n=!(arguments.length>3&&void 0!==arguments[3])||arguments[3];super(e,t,r),this.auto=n,this.abortHandler,this.featAggregate,this.onAggregateImported,n&&(0,u.R)(e,r)}importAggregator(){let e=arguments.length>0&&void 0!==arguments[0]?arguments[0]:{};if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;const r=c.il&&!0===(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"privacy.cookies_enabled");let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let t;try{if(r){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await Promise.all([i.e(860),i.e(242)]).then(i.bind(i,3228));t=e(this.agentIdentifier)}}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("A problem occurred when starting up session manager. This page will not start or extend any session.",e)}try{if(!this.shouldImportAgg(this.featureName,t))return void(0,u.L)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName);const{lazyFeatureLoader:r}=await i.e(412).then(i.bind(i,8582)),{Aggregate:o}=await r(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new o(this.agentIdentifier,this.aggregator,e),n(!0)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Downloading and initializing ".concat(this.featureName," failed..."),e),this.abortHandler?.(),n(!1)}};c.il?(0,f.b)((()=>o()),!0):o()}shouldImportAgg(r,n){return r!==e.D.sessionReplay||!1!==(0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"session_trace.enabled")&&(!!n?.isNew||!!n?.state.sessionReplay)}}var g=i(7633),p=i(7894);class m extends h{static featureName=g.t9;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];if(super(r,n,g.t9,i),("undefined"==typeof PerformanceNavigationTiming||c.Tt)&&"undefined"!=typeof PerformanceTiming){const n=(0,t.OP)(r);n[g.Dz]=Math.max(Date.now()-n.offset,0),(0,f.K)((()=>n[g.qw]=Math.max((0,p.z)()-n[g.Dz],0))),(0,f.b)((()=>{const t=(0,p.z)();n[g.OJ]=Math.max(t-n[g.Dz],0),(0,s.p)("timing",["load",t],void 0,e.D.pageViewTiming,this.ee)}))}this.importAggregator()}}var v=i(1117),b=i(1284);class y extends v.w{constructor(e){super(e),this.aggregatedData={}}store(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,r,i);return o.metrics=function(e,t){t||(t={count:0});return t.count+=1,(0,b.D)(e,(function(e,r){t[e]=w(r,t[e])})),t}(n,o.metrics),o}merge(e,t,r,n,i){var o=this.getBucket(e,t,n,i);if(o.metrics){var a=o.metrics;a.count+=r.count,(0,b.D)(r,(function(e,t){if("count"!==e){var n=a[e],i=r[e];i&&!i.c?a[e]=w(i.t,n):a[e]=function(e,t){if(!t)return e;t.c||(t=x(t.t));return t.min=Math.min(e.min,t.min),t.max=Math.max(e.max,t.max),t.t+=e.t,t.sos+=e.sos,t.c+=e.c,t}(i,a[e])}}))}else o.metrics=r}storeMetric(e,t,r,n){var i=this.getBucket(e,t,r);return i.stats=w(n,i.stats),i}getBucket(e,t,r,n){this.aggregatedData[e]||(this.aggregatedData[e]={});var i=this.aggregatedData[e][t];return i||(i=this.aggregatedData[e][t]={params:r||{}},n&&(i.custom=n)),i}get(e,t){return t?this.aggregatedData[e]&&this.aggregatedData[e][t]:this.aggregatedData[e]}take(e){for(var t={},r="",n=!1,i=0;i t.max&&(t.max=e),e 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,r,j.t,n),c.il&&((0,t.OP)(e).initHidden=Boolean("hidden"===document.visibilityState),(0,N.N)((()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee)),!0),(0,O.bP)("pagehide",(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,p.z)()],void 0,j.t,this.ee))),this.importAggregator())}}var P=i(3081);class C extends h{static featureName=P.t9;constructor(e,t){let r=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,P.t9,r),this.importAggregator()}}var R,I=i(2210),k=i(1214),H=i(2177),L={};try{R=localStorage.getItem("__nr_flags").split(","),console&&"function"==typeof console.log&&(L.console=!0,-1!==R.indexOf("dev")&&(L.dev=!0),-1!==R.indexOf("nr_dev")&&(L.nrDev=!0))}catch(e){}function z(e){try{L.console&&z(e)}catch(e){}}L.nrDev&&H.ee.on("internal-error",(function(e){z(e.stack)})),L.dev&&H.ee.on("fn-err",(function(e,t,r){z(r.stack)})),L.dev&&(z("NR AGENT IN DEVELOPMENT MODE"),z("flags: "+(0,b.D)(L,(function(e,t){return e})).join(", ")));var M=i(6660);class B extends h{static featureName=M.t;constructor(r,n){let i=!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,M.t,i),this.skipNext=0;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}const o=this;o.ee.on("fn-start",(function(e,t,r){o.abortHandler&&(o.skipNext+=1)})),o.ee.on("fn-err",(function(t,r,n){o.abortHandler&&!n[M.A]&&((0,I.X)(n,M.A,(function(){return!0})),this.thrown=!0,(0,s.p)("err",[n,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee))})),o.ee.on("fn-end",(function(){o.abortHandler&&!this.thrown&&o.skipNext>0&&(o.skipNext-=1)})),o.ee.on("internal-error",(function(t){(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,o.ee)})),this.origOnerror=c._A.onerror,c._A.onerror=this.onerrorHandler.bind(this),c._A.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(t=>{const r=function(e){let t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(e instanceof Error)try{return e.message=t+e.message,e}catch(t){return e}if(void 0===e)return new Error(t);try{return new Error(t+(0,D.P)(e))}catch(e){return new Error(t)}}(t.reason);(0,s.p)("err",[r,(0,p.z)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1}],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}),(0,O.m$)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),(0,k.gy)(this.ee),(0,k.BV)(this.ee),(0,k.em)(this.ee),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}onerrorHandler(t,r,n,i,o){"function"==typeof this.origOnerror&&this.origOnerror(...arguments);try{this.skipNext?this.skipNext-=1:(0,s.p)("err",[o||new F(t,r,n),(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(t){try{(0,s.p)("ierr",[t,(0,p.z)(),!0],void 0,e.D.jserrors,this.ee)}catch(e){}}return!1}}function F(e,t,r){this.message=e||"Uncaught error with no additional information",this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r}let U=1;const q="nr@id";function G(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===c._A?0:(0,I.X)(e,q,(function(){return U++}))}function V(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,D.P)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var X=i(7243);class W{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.generateTracePayload=this.generateTracePayload.bind(this),this.shouldGenerateTrace=this.shouldGenerateTrace.bind(this)}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var r=(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!r)return null;var n=(r.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(r.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(r.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,_.M)(),s=(0,_.Ht)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof c._A?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,D.P)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var r=!1,n={};if((0,t.Mt)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(n=(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)r=!0;else if(n.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var i=0;i 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(r,n,Z.t,i),(0,t.OP)(r).xhrWrappable&&(this.dt=new W(r),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee),(0,k.u5)(this.ee),(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),function(r,n,i,o){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=E,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){_(t,e)}),(0,O.m$)(!1)),c.IF||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,O.m$)(!1))}function s(e){this.params={method:e[0]},T(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function u(e,n){var i=(0,t.DL)(r);i.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&n.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",i.xpid);var a=o.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(a){var s=!1;a.newrelicHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("newrelic",a.newrelicHeader),s=!0),a.traceContextParentHeader&&(n.setRequestHeader("traceparent",a.traceContextParentHeader),a.traceContextStateHeader&&n.setRequestHeader("tracestate",a.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=a)}}function d(e,t){var r=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(r&&i){var a=V(i);a&&(r.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(t)}catch(e){try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s 1?e[1]=i:e.push(i)}else e[0]&&e[0].headers&&s(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function x(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,p.z)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof Y?r=i.url:c._A?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),T(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof Y&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.txSize=V(n.body)||0}function A(t,r){var n;this.endTime=(0,p.z)(),this.params||(this.params={}),this.params.status=r?r.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);var o={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,p.z)()-this.startTime};i("xhr",[this.params,o,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,e.D.ajax)}function E(t){var r=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(var o=0;o 2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2];super(e,t,we.t,r),this.importAggregator()}}new class{constructor(e){let t=arguments.length>1&&void 0!==arguments[1]?arguments[1]:(0,_.ky)(16);c._A?(this.agentIdentifier=t,this.sharedAggregator=new y({agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier}),this.features={},this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(m),Object.assign(this,(0,a.j)(this.agentIdentifier,e,e.loaderType||"agent")),this.start()):(0,l.Z)("Failed to initial the agent. Could not determine the runtime environment.")}get config(){return{info:(0,t.C5)(this.agentIdentifier),init:(0,t.P_)(this.agentIdentifier),loader_config:(0,t.DL)(this.agentIdentifier),runtime:(0,t.OP)(this.agentIdentifier)}}start(){const t="features";try{const r=n(this.agentIdentifier),i=[...this.desiredFeatures];i.sort(((t,r)=>e.p[t.featureName]-e.p[r.featureName])),i.forEach((t=>{if(r[t.featureName]||t.featureName===e.D.pageViewEvent){const n=function(t){switch(t){case e.D.ajax:return[e.D.jserrors];case e.D.sessionTrace:return[e.D.ajax,e.D.pageViewEvent];case e.D.sessionReplay:return[e.D.sessionTrace];case e.D.pageViewTiming:return[e.D.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(t.featureName);n.every((e=>r[e]))||(0,l.Z)("".concat(t.featureName," is enabled but one or more dependent features has been disabled (").concat((0,D.P)(n),"). This may cause unintended consequences or missing data...")),this.features[t.featureName]=new t(this.agentIdentifier,this.sharedAggregator)}})),(0,T.Qy)(this.agentIdentifier,this.features,t)}catch(e){(0,l.Z)("Failed to initialize all enabled instrument classes (agent aborted) -",e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,T.fP)();return delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.[t],delete this.sharedAggregator,r.ee?.abort(),delete r.ee?.get(this.agentIdentifier),!1}}}({features:[J,m,S,class extends h{static featureName=oe;constructor(t,r){if(super(t,r,oe,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;const n=this.ee;let i;(0,k.QU)(n),this.eventsEE=(0,k.em)(n),this.eventsEE.on(se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,p.z)()})),this.eventsEE.on(ae,(function(t,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[t[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,p.z)()],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),n.on(ce+ne,(function(e){this.time=(0,p.z)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),n.on(ce+ie,(function(t){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)}));try{i=new PerformanceObserver((t=>{const r=t.getEntries();(0,s.p)(te,[r],void 0,e.D.sessionTrace,n)})),i.observe({type:re,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator({resourceObserver:i})}},C,xe,B,class extends h{static featureName=de;constructor(e,r){if(super(e,r,de,!(arguments.length>2&&void 0!==arguments[2])||arguments[2]),!c.il)return;if(!(0,t.OP)(e).xhrWrappable)return;try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}let n,i=0;const o=this.ee.get("tracer"),a=(0,k._L)(this.ee),s=(0,k.Lg)(this.ee),u=(0,k.BV)(this.ee),d=(0,k.Kf)(this.ee),f=this.ee.get("events"),l=(0,k.u5)(this.ee),h=(0,k.QU)(this.ee),g=(0,k.Gm)(this.ee);function m(e,t){h.emit("newURL",[""+window.location,t])}function v(){i++,n=window.location.hash,this[ve]=(0,p.z)()}function b(){i--,window.location.hash!==n&&m(0,!0);var e=(0,p.z)();this[pe]=~~this[pe]+e-this[ve],this[ye]=e}function y(e,t){e.on(t,(function(){this[t]=(0,p.z)()}))}this.ee.on(ve,v),s.on(be,v),a.on(be,v),this.ee.on(ye,b),s.on(ge,b),a.on(ge,b),this.ee.buffer([ve,ye,"xhr-resolved"],this.featureName),f.buffer([ve],this.featureName),u.buffer(["setTimeout"+le,"clearTimeout"+fe,ve],this.featureName),d.buffer([ve,"new-xhr","send-xhr"+fe],this.featureName),l.buffer([me+fe,me+"-done",me+he+fe,me+he+le],this.featureName),h.buffer(["newURL"],this.featureName),g.buffer([ve],this.featureName),s.buffer(["propagate",be,ge,"executor-err","resolve"+fe],this.featureName),o.buffer([ve,"no-"+ve],this.featureName),a.buffer(["new-jsonp","cb-start","jsonp-error","jsonp-end"],this.featureName),y(l,me+fe),y(l,me+"-done"),y(a,"new-jsonp"),y(a,"jsonp-end"),y(a,"cb-start"),h.on("pushState-end",m),h.on("replaceState-end",m),window.addEventListener("hashchange",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("load",m,(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",(function(){m(0,i>1)}),(0,O.m$)(!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#e,this.importAggregator()}#e(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}],loaderType:"spa"})})(),window.NRBA=o})(); window.jQuery || document.write(' ') CKEDITOR_BASEPATH='https://f1000research.com/js/vendor/ckeditor/' window.reactTheme = 'research'; window.MathJax = { CommonHTML: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, 'HTML-CSS': { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } }, AuthorInit: function() { MathJax.Hub.Register.MessageHook('End Process', function () { let timeout = false; // holder for timeout id const delay = 250; // delay after event is "complete" to run callback const reflowMath = function() { const dispFormulas = document.querySelectorAll('.disp-formula.panel'); if (!dispFormulas) { return; } for (const dispFormula of dispFormulas) { const child = dispFormula.querySelector('.MathJax_Preview').nextSibling.firstChild; const isMultiline = MathJax.Hub.getAllJax(dispFormula)[0].root.isMultiline; if (dispFormula.offsetWidth < child.offsetWidth || isMultiline) { MathJax.Hub.Queue(['Rerender', MathJax.Hub, dispFormula]); } } }; window.addEventListener('resize', function() { clearTimeout(timeout); // clear the timeout timeout = setTimeout(reflowMath, delay); // start timing for event "completion" }); }); }, }; if (window.location.hash == '#_=_'){ window.location = window.location.href.split('#')[0] } !function(f,b,e,v,n,t,s){if(f.fbq)return;n=f.fbq=function() {n.callMethod? n.callMethod.apply(n,arguments):n.queue.push(arguments)} ;if(!f._fbq)f._fbq=n; n.push=n;n.loaded=!0;n.version='2.0';n.queue=[];t=b.createElement(e);t.async=!0; t.src=v;s=b.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(t,s)}(window, document,'script','https://connect.facebook.net/en_US/fbevents.js'); fbq('init', '1641728616063202'); fbq('track', "PixelInitialized", {}); (function(h,o,t,j,a,r){ h.hj=h.hj||function(){(h.hj.q=h.hj.q||[]).push(arguments)}; h._hjSettings={hjid:2318163,hjsv:6}; a=o.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; r=o.createElement('script');r.async=1; r.src=t+h._hjSettings.hjid+j+h._hjSettings.hjsv; a.appendChild(r); })(window,document,'https://static.hotjar.com/c/hotjar-','.js?sv='); search file_upload Submit your research search menu close search Browse Gateways & Collections How to Publish Submit your Research My Submissions Article Guidelines Article Guidelines (New Versions) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines Open Data and Accessible Source Materials Guidelines (HSS) Open Data, Software and Code Guidelines (PSE) Prepublication Checks Production Process Posters and Slides Guidelines Document Guidelines Article Processing Charges Peer Review Finding Article Reviewers About How it Works For Reviewers Our Advisors Policies Glossary FAQs For Developers Newsroom Contact My Research Submissions Content and Tracking Alerts My Details Sign In file_upload Submit your research { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "ScholarlyArticle", "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96" }, "headline": "Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for...", "datePublished": "2026-01-21T05:03:19", "dateModified": "2026-01-21T05:03:19", "author": [ { "@type": "Person", "name": "Taofan Taofan" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Suko Ardiarto" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Suci Indriani" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Ruth Grace Aurora" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Adelin Dhivi" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Aris Munandar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Vekky Sariowan" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Erwin Mulia" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Fadhil Pratama" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Rido Jati Kuncara" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Yuyun Pamungkas" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Kelvin Kohar" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Matthew Sebastian" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Aditya Rachman" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Eric Ferdinand" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Junichi Utoh" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Marc Vuylsteke" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Thomas Weiler" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Iwan Dakota" }, { "@type": "Person", "name": "Bambang Widyantoro" } ], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "F1000Research", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 480, "width": 60 } }, "image": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://f1000research.com/img/AMP/F1000Research_image.png", "height": 1200, "width": 150 }, "description": "Abstract* Background Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent and underdiagnosed disease affecting over 25 million adults worldwide. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) remains the gold standard for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. However, conventional EVLA performed 1–2 cm distal to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) often leaves residual tributaries, increasing the risk of recurrence. Zone-zero laser crossectomy, defined as laser crossectomy performed exactly at the 0 cm zone of the SFJ (zone-zero ablation), had been proposed as a minimally invasive alternative technique to eliminate residual stumps and reduce varicose vein recurrence. This case series of zone-zero laser crossectomy aims to share our experiences and outcomes amongst 57 patients in our center. Methods A total of 57 consecutive patients with symptomatic GSV insufficiency (CEAP C2–C6) underwent EVLA using a 1470 nm radial double-ring swift laser with zone-zero ablation at the SFJ. Procedural parameters, complications, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Patients were followed at 7 days, 4, 8, and 12 weeks with physical and duplex ultrasound examinations. Results The mean age was 61.6 years. No recanalization was observed during the 3-month follow-up, with duplex ultrasound confirming complete obliteration of treated GSVs. Postoperative complications included leg pain in 3 cases (5.26%), EHIT grade I–II in 1 case (1.75%), hyperpigmentation in 1 case (1.75%), and paresthesia in 1 case (1.75%). All complications were mild and managed conservatively. Conclusions Zone-zero laser crossectomy is a safe and effective modification of EVLA for GSV insufficiency, demonstrating high obliteration rates and low complication rates. Larger cohorts with longer follow-up are needed to confirm durability. " } { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "1", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/", "name": "Home" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "2", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/browse/articles", "name": "Browse" } }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": "3", "item": { "@id": "https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96", "name": "Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone..." } } ] } Home Browse Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone... ALL Metrics - Views Downloads Get PDF Get XML Cite How to cite this article Taofan T, Ardiarto S, Indriani S et al. Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. Close Copy Citation Details Export Export Citation Sciwheel EndNote Ref. Manager Bibtex ProCite Sente EXPORT Select a format first Track Share ▬ ✚ Clinical Practice Article Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] Taofan Taofan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-9010 1 , Suko Ardiarto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-0566 1 , Suci Indriani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-0390 1 , [...] Ruth Grace Aurora 1 , Adelin Dhivi 1 , Aris Munandar 2 , Vekky Sariowan 2 , Erwin Mulia 2 , Fadhil Pratama 2 , Rido Jati Kuncara 2 , Yuyun Pamungkas 3 , Kelvin Kohar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4789-0747 4 , Matthew Sebastian https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8001-9054 4 , Aditya Rachman 2 , Eric Ferdinand 4 , Junichi Utoh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-833X 5 , Marc Vuylsteke 6 , Thomas Weiler 7 , Iwan Dakota https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-2759 1 , Bambang Widyantoro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-4125 1 Taofan Taofan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6363-9010 1 , Suko Ardiarto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2848-0566 1 , [...] Suci Indriani https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9156-0390 1 , Ruth Grace Aurora 1 , Adelin Dhivi 1 , Aris Munandar 2 , Vekky Sariowan 2 , Erwin Mulia 2 , Fadhil Pratama 2 , Rido Jati Kuncara 2 , Yuyun Pamungkas 3 , Kelvin Kohar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4789-0747 4 , Matthew Sebastian https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8001-9054 4 , Aditya Rachman 2 , Eric Ferdinand 4 , Junichi Utoh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6366-833X 5 , Marc Vuylsteke 6 , Thomas Weiler 7 , Iwan Dakota https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-2759 1 , Bambang Widyantoro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5325-4125 1 PUBLISHED 21 Jan 2026 Author details Author details 1 Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Cardiologist Fellow/Resident in Vascular Medicine, Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 4 Assistant Researcher, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 5 Department of Vascular Surgery, Kumamoto Kekkan Vascular Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan 6 Department of Vascular Surgery, Sint-Andriesziekenhuis Tielt, Tielt, Belgium 7 Department of Vascular Surgery, Venenzentrum Pforzheim, Pforzheim, 75179, Germany Taofan Taofan Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Suko Ardiarto Roles: Conceptualization Suci Indriani Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Ruth Grace Aurora Roles: Conceptualization Adelin Dhivi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Aris Munandar Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Vekky Sariowan Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Erwin Mulia Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing Fadhil Pratama Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rido Jati Kuncara Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Yuyun Pamungkas Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Kelvin Kohar Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Matthew Sebastian Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Aditya Rachman Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Eric Ferdinand Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Junichi Utoh Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Marc Vuylsteke Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Thomas Weiler Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Iwan Dakota Roles: Supervision Bambang Widyantoro Roles: Supervision OPEN PEER REVIEW DETAILS REVIEWER STATUS Abstract Abstract* Background Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a prevalent and underdiagnosed disease affecting over 25 million adults worldwide. Endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) remains the gold standard for great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency. However, conventional EVLA performed 1–2 cm distal to the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) often leaves residual tributaries, increasing the risk of recurrence. Zone-zero laser crossectomy, defined as laser crossectomy performed exactly at the 0 cm zone of the SFJ (zone-zero ablation), had been proposed as a minimally invasive alternative technique to eliminate residual stumps and reduce varicose vein recurrence. This case series of zone-zero laser crossectomy aims to share our experiences and outcomes amongst 57 patients in our center. Methods A total of 57 consecutive patients with symptomatic GSV insufficiency (CEAP C2–C6) underwent EVLA using a 1470 nm radial double-ring swift laser with zone-zero ablation at the SFJ. Procedural parameters, complications, and postoperative outcomes were recorded. Patients were followed at 7 days, 4, 8, and 12 weeks with physical and duplex ultrasound examinations. Results The mean age was 61.6 years. No recanalization was observed during the 3-month follow-up, with duplex ultrasound confirming complete obliteration of treated GSVs. Postoperative complications included leg pain in 3 cases (5.26%), EHIT grade I–II in 1 case (1.75%), hyperpigmentation in 1 case (1.75%), and paresthesia in 1 case (1.75%). All complications were mild and managed conservatively. Conclusions Zone-zero laser crossectomy is a safe and effective modification of EVLA for GSV insufficiency, demonstrating high obliteration rates and low complication rates. Larger cohorts with longer follow-up are needed to confirm durability. READ ALL READ LESS Keywords Endovenous laser ablation, laser crossectomy, chronic venous insufficiency, varicose vein, safety, efficacy Main body Corresponding Author(s) Taofan Taofan ( [email protected] ) Close Corresponding author: Taofan Taofan Competing interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information: The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Copyright: © 2026 Taofan T et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. How to cite: Taofan T, Ardiarto S, Indriani S et al. Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 ) First published: 21 Jan 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 ) Latest published: 21 Jan 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 ) Introduction Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI), a part of chronic venous disease, is defined as a chronic condition due to blockage of a vein, or blood leaking around the valves (reflux) of the veins, which results in venous hypertension. This disease is commonly underdiagnosed and progressively reduces patients’ quality of life. 1 To date, CVI affects more than 25 million adults, with various clinical manifestations, ranging from varicose vein to ulceration. 2 According to the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS), endovenous thermal ablation (especially endovenous laser ablation) is still the gold standard in great saphenous vein insufficiency compared to other treatments. 1 In conventional technique of endovenous laser ablation, the operator performed vein ablation 1 to 2 cm away from saphenous femoral junction (SFJ) to minimize the risk of thrombosis progression. However, these residual tributary veins (stump), such as the superficial circumflex iliac vein, epigastric vein, and anterior accessory saphenous vein, are attributed to higher likelihood of recurrence and neovascularization. 3 A study by Nagib, et al introduced the “laser crossectomy” term, which is defined as ablation at 0 cm or exactly at SFJ. Their hypothesis is that by performing laser crossectomy in an accurate position, the operator will be able to eliminate any stumps, which correlates with less recurrence and complication rate. 3 The concept behind laser crossectomy is similar to the high ligation and stripping of GSV, but in a minimally invasive way. This technique also has been proven safe and effective in many studies, but comes with side effects, such as hematoma, cicatrix, and other aesthetic problems. 4 , 5 This case series aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the novel technique “laser crossectomy” in a single center of National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita. Methods Case series This article is a case series conducted in National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita, Indonesia, between February 2025 and June 2025. All data were collected and reviewed from medical records of patients who underwent EVLA of great saphenous vein incompetency using laser crossectomy technique. The patients were informed of the risks and benefits of the procedure and signed a written informed consent before undergoing said procedure. Preprocedural evaluation Patients with symptomatic GSV insufficiency were evaluated in the hospital outpatient clinic. During the baseline evaluation, the following parameters were documented for each patient: age, sex, body mass index, symptoms and complications, family history, comorbidities, and physical examination findings. Lower extremity duplex ultrasound was also performed as a supporting examination. The presence of GSV insufficiency was diagnosed according to the reflux time, with >500 ms (0.5 s) findings considered significant reflux. Patients with significant reflux and CEAP clinical class C2-C6 were assigned for endovenous laser ablation therapy. Patients were consulted to the anesthesiologist and written informed consent was obtained. EVLA procedure Before the procedure, patients were anesthetized using spinal anesthesia or Total Intravenous Anesthesia (TIVA) and placed in the supine position. All procedures were performed using 1470 nm radial double-ring swift diode laser fibers (ELVeS Biolitec, Germany-Austria). An intravenous delivery sheath (5-6 Fr) was inserted into the great saphenous vein (GSV), and the fiber tip was positioned precisely at the saphenous-femoral junction (0-Point Distance) with ultrasound guidance. A tumescent local anesthetic solution (consisting of 500 mg lidocaine, 1 mg of epinephrine, and 12.5 mEq sodium bicarbonate added to 1 L of 0.9% normal saline) was administered along the entire target vein using 23-G needle under ultrasound guidance with a tumescent pump. Using 1470nm EVLT with signal mode, the SFJ, a high dose of tumescent was given in order to ensure effective compression of the GSV around the catheter. Additionally, a high dose of energy (150 J) was given through the first segment of SFJ. The ablation was performed throughout the GSV by using a constant pullback speed of 0.14 cm/s (1 cm every 7 seconds) with Linear Endovenous Energy Density (LEED) of 40-60 J/cm under the guidance of ultrasound visualization of the bubble steam. The laser power, LEED, and laser energy were set according to the patients’ vein diameter and reflux severity. The total ablation length, treatment duration, total energy delivered, and applied tumescent during the laser procedure were documented. After the intervention, eccentric compression was applied using sterile gauze throughout the treated vein along with compression stockings. Patients were hospitalized for one day for duplex ultrasound evaluation and physical examination to monitor complications. All patients were encouraged to begin walking as soon as possible, and were also encouraged to use compression stockings post EVLA for at least 2-3 weeks or as long as possible. Additionally, a short course (5 days) of paracetamol 500 mg TID, ibuprofen 200 mg BID, and cetirizine 10 mg OD was prescribed to relieve symptoms, on top of their routine outpatient therapy. Postprocedural evaluation All patients underwent outpatient follow-up evaluations, consisting of physical examination and duplex ultrasound assessment on day 7, at week 4, 8, and 12 after the procedure. Any potential complications were recorded., such as vein obliteration, thrombophlebitis, bleeding, hematoma, paresthesia, vein thrombosis, skin injury, and deep vein injury. Patients were advised to wear compression stockings for another 2 to 3 weeks. Statistical analysis Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation (or median ± interquartile range), while categorical variables are expressed as frequency and percentage. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 26 (IBM Corp), using 95% confidence intervals. Results A total of 57 cases were eligible. The mean age of the patients was 61.61 years old (SD 9.576). Table 1 lists the number of patients stratified based on CEAP classification for CVI. Patients with CVI and a CEAP clinical substaging of C3 were the most patients included so far in our case series. Table 2 elaborates upon the average vessel diameter of the ablated vein in further detail, the LEED used, Laser Power/Energy and total treatment energy, procedure time, ablation length, and the amount of tumescent used. After a follow-up duration of 12 weeks, postoperative complication data were obtained. Among 57 cases that were eligible for this case series, there were 3 cases of postoperative leg pain (5.26%), 1 case of EHIT grade I-II (1,75%), 1 case of hyperpigmentation (1.75%), and 1 case of paresthesia during follow-up (1.75%). The average amount of time until complications were reported by the patient or found during routine examination was 13 days (SD 12.11). No cases were reported to have recanalized post EVLA with laser crossectomy, and follow-up results via duplex ultrasound had shown a completely obliterated great saphenous vein up from the saphenofemoral junction distally among all follow-up data. Table 3 elaborates further regarding postoperative outcomes during routine follow-up. Table 1. Number of cases based on clinical CEAP classification. Frequency Percent Cumulative percent C2 12 21,1 21,1 C3 40 70,2 91,2 C4 4 7,0 98,2 C5 1 1,8 100,0 Total 57 100,0 100,0 Table 2. Descriptive data regarding average vessel diameter of the ablated vein, LEED used, laser power/energy used, total treatment energy, procedure time, ablation length, amount of tumescent used. Mean Standard Deviation (SD) Vessel diameter, SFJ (mm) 7,395 1,8541 Average vessel diameter, ATK (mm) 5,39061 1,484488 Average vessel diameter, BTK (mm) 2,84696 0,668719 Ablation length (cm) 59,868 8,9465 First Segment SFJ total laser energy (J) 150 J Total treatment energy, ATK+BTK (J) 2021,225 474,8443 Targeted Laser Power ATK 6-7 W - Targeted Laser Power BTK 4-5 W - Targeted LEED ATK 50-70 J/cm - Targeted LEED BTK 20-30 J/cm - Pullback speed 0.14 s/cm = 1/7 s per cm - Table 3. Postoperative outcomes during routine follow-up after EVLA with laser crossectomy. Number of cases Mean SD Percentage EHIT 1 1,00 0,000 1.5% Thrombophlebitis 0 0 0 0 Hematoma 0 0 0 0 Hyperpigmentation 1 1,00 0 1,754386 Paresthesia 1 1,00 0 1,754386 Deep vein thrombosis 0 0 0 0 Thermal injury 0 0 0 0 Deep vein injury 0 0 0 0 Recanalization 0 0 0 0 Time till complication (days) 4 13,00 12,111 7,017544 Discussion This case series highlights our single-center experience in conducting zone-zero laser crossectomy in EVLA patients, as well as post-operative outcomes during routine follow-up. Zone-zero laser crossectomy has become a standard protocol in our center of excellence. Previously, GSV recanalization had been an issue for conventional EVLA, due to a residual stump up to the SFJ, which can predispose to venous blood reflux, reopening the previously obliterated and failure to obliterate the pathway from the epigastric vein. With zone-zero laser crossectomy, we aimed to achieve total obliteration of the SFJ exactly in the SFJ, in an attempt to achieve complete obliteration and avoid stump formation in the SFJ. After 3 months of follow-up, no patients were found to have recanalized GSV or Small Saphenous Vein (SSV) post EVLA with zone-zero laser crossectomy. One meta-analysis estimates the incidence rate of recurrence of varicose veins to be 6.82% amongst five studies, occurring on average one year after surgery. 6 Amongst our 3-month follow-up duration, our pooled rates for varicose vein recurrence or recanalization were 0%. When compared to flush-EVLA, another meta-analysis estimated that amongst 345 pooled patients, the pooled incidence rates were 9.25% for flush-EVLA and 19.29% for standard EVLA, respectively. 7 No cases of recanalization post EVLA were found during follow-up among all the samples included. The prevalence of EHIT post EVLA found in our case series was 1.5%. This range coincides with the estimates in prior literature that estimate the prevalence of EHIT in 1-18%. 8 Postoperative leg pain post EVLA is to be expected; however, the exact prevalence was poorly reported in prior studies. A recent study estimated that 13-17% experienced postoperative leg pain at any point after EVLA, and another study estimated that the prevalence of postoperative leg pain was reported to be 9-40%. 9 Neuropathy is also one of the more commonly reported outcomes, with other estimates ranging from 3-7% in prior studies. 10 Attempts to prevent nerve injury had been previously described, such as employing a two-step laser ablation protocol to reduce the risk of sural nerve injury after GSV ablation, as described by Utoh et al, however the concerns regarding potential nerve injury after EVLA still remain. 11 Currently, the prevalence of neuropathy post EVLA + zone-zero crossectomy in our case series lies at 1 case (1.57%), which even though it is lower than global estimates, however we also concur that the lack of total cases in our case series remains a major confounder, and that further follow-up data is required to derive more reliable estimates in the future. This case series has several major limitations. Firstly, zone-zero crossectomy is a novel technique. Prior studies such as flush-EVLA, are described as ablating the saphenofemoral junction with target margins of 0-pulse distance (PD) up to −2 mm and +1 mm. Our experience with this new zone-zero technique is to aim the laser crossectomy right at the 0-PD zone of the saphenofemoral stump. This technique had recently become routine in our center only since the start of January 2025. We acknowledge that the lack of larger sample sizes could confound our findings in this case series. Second, the absence of longer follow-up data post-EVLA beyond 3 months is another limitation in our case series. We intend to conduct a follow-up study with a larger sample size and extended follow-up periods to address these gaps in the future. Consent Before the procedure was conducted, an informed consent was given and signed by the patient or legal caretaker as per hospital protocols. Data availability 1. Supplementary data used in this study is available in Figshare, under the title “Laser Crossectomy Supplementary Data for F1000”, with the working DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30029992 ( https://figshare.com/articles/dataset/Laser_Crossectomy_Supplementary_Data_for_F1000/30029992 ), this content will be licensed as CC BY 4.0 . 13 2. Figure data is available Figshare, under the title “ Figure 1 - Bar Graph of Cases of CVI Based on CEAP Classification” with the working DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30193801 ( https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Figure_1_-_Bar_Graph_of_Cases_of_CVI_Based_on_CEAP_Classification/30193801 ), this content will be licensed as CC BY 4.0 . 12 3. The CARE checklist is available in Figshare, under the title “CARE Checklist for Laser Crossectomy” with the working DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30193774 , this content with be licensed as CC BY 4.0 . 14 Figure 1. Bar graph of cases of CVI based on CEAP classification. 12 Available in: 10.6084/m9.figshare.30193801 , https://figshare.com/articles/figure/Figure_1_-_Bar_Graph_of_Cases_of_CVI_Based_on_CEAP_Classification/30193801 . CVI: Chronic Venous Insufficiency; CEAP: Clinical, Etiology, Anatomical, Pathology classification; C2: Varicose veins; C3: edema; C4: skin discoloration; C5: Ulcer. Figures must be uploaded to the submission as separate TIFF or JPEG files at >300dpi. Ensure any abbreviations/acronyms in the tables are explained in the legend. Acknowledgements We thank the National Center of Cardiology Harapan Kita Hospital staff, nurses and management for their support in the process of writing this research paper. References 1. Maeseneer MGD, Kakkos SK, Aherne T, et al. : Editor’s Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs. Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2022 Feb 1; 63 (2): 184–267. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 2. Gloviczki P, Lawrence PF, Wasan SM, et al. : The 2023 Society for Vascular Surgery, American Venous Forum, and American Vein and Lymphatic Society clinical practice guidelines for the management of varicose veins of the lower extremities. Part II: Endorsed by the Society of Interventional Radiology and the Society for Vascular Medicine. J. Vasc. Surg. Venous Lymphat. Disord. 2024 Jan 1 [cited 2025 Sep 2]; 12 (1): 101670. Publisher Full Text Reference Source 3. Nagib S, Mahmoud Abdel Bary MS, Elsayed Eldieb KAS, et al. : Closed randomized comparative study of great saphenous vein crossectomy laser ablation versus standard laser technique to minimize recurrence in the treatment of primary varicose veins. Egypt J. Surg. 2023 Sep; 42 (3): 767–773. Publisher Full Text 4. Kalteis M, Berger I, Messie-Werndl S, et al. : High ligation combined with stripping and endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein: early results of a randomized controlled study. J. Vasc. Surg. 2008 Apr; 47 (4): 822–829. discussion 829. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 5. Zhao ZY, Zhang XJ, Li JH, et al. : Comparison of high ligation and stripping of the great saphenous vein combined with foam sclerotherapy versus conventional surgery for the treatment of superficial venous varicosities of the lower extremity. Int. J. Clin. Exp. Med. 2015 May 15; 8 (5): 7843–7848. PubMed Abstract 6. Jiang W, Liang Y, Long Z, et al. : Endovenous radiofrequency ablation vs laser ablation in patients with lower extremity varicose veins: A meta-analysis. J. Vasc. Surg. Venous Lymphat. Disord. 2024 Sep 1; 12 (5): 101842. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 7. Flush Endovenous Laser Ablation (fEVLA) in the Treatment of Lower Limb Venous Insufficiency a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis - PubMed.[cited 2025 Sep 2]. Reference Source 8. Kane K, Fisher T, Bennett M, et al. : The incidence and outcome of endothermal heat-induced thrombosis after endovenous laser ablation. Ann. Vasc. Surg. 2014 Oct; 28 (7): 1744–1750. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 9. Mohammadi Tofigh A, Tahmasebi H, Zebarjadi J: Comparing the Success Rate and Side Effects of Endovenous Laser Ablation and Radiofrequency Ablation to Treat Varicose Veins in the Lower Limbs: A Randomized Clinical Trial. J. Lasers Med. Sci. 2020; 11 (Suppl 1): S43–S48. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 10. Doganci S, Yildirim V, Demirkilic U: Does Puncture Site Affect the Rate of Nerve Injuries Following Endovenous Laser Ablation of the Small Saphenous Veins? Eur. J. Vasc. Endovasc. Surg. 2011 Mar; 41 (3): 400–405. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 11. Utoh J, Tsukamoto Y: Prevention of saphenous nerve injury after below-knee laser ablation of incompetent great saphenous veins: A trial of two-step ablation and an early result. Phlebology. 2023 Aug 1; 38 (7): 484–485. PubMed Abstract | Publisher Full Text 12. Sebastian M: Figure 1 - Bar Graph of Cases of CVI Based on CEAP Classification. Figshare Digital Repository. CC BY 4.0 [Licence].2025. Uploaded in 24-09-2025. Publisher Full Text 13. Sebastian M: Laser Crossectomy Supplementary Data for F1000. Figshare Digital Repository. CC BY 4.0 [Licence].2025. Uploaded in 02-09-2025. Publisher Full Text 14. Sebastian M: CARE Checklist for Laser Crossectomy. Figshare Digital Repository. 2025. CC BY 4.0 [Licence]. Uploaded in 24-09-2025. Publisher Full Text Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Jan 2026 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment Author details Author details 1 Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 2 Cardiologist Fellow/Resident in Vascular Medicine, Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 3 National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia 4 Assistant Researcher, Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Vascular Medicine, National Cardiovascular Center Harapan Kita Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia 5 Department of Vascular Surgery, Kumamoto Kekkan Vascular Clinic, Kumamoto, Japan 6 Department of Vascular Surgery, Sint-Andriesziekenhuis Tielt, Tielt, Belgium 7 Department of Vascular Surgery, Venenzentrum Pforzheim, Pforzheim, 75179, Germany Taofan Taofan Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation, Formal Analysis, Methodology, Supervision, Validation, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Suko Ardiarto Roles: Conceptualization Suci Indriani Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Ruth Grace Aurora Roles: Conceptualization Adelin Dhivi Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Aris Munandar Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Vekky Sariowan Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Erwin Mulia Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Review & Editing Fadhil Pratama Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Rido Jati Kuncara Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Yuyun Pamungkas Roles: Conceptualization, Data Curation Kelvin Kohar Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Matthew Sebastian Roles: Conceptualization, Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Aditya Rachman Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Eric Ferdinand Roles: Writing – Original Draft Preparation, Writing – Review & Editing Junichi Utoh Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Marc Vuylsteke Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Thomas Weiler Roles: Writing – Review & Editing Iwan Dakota Roles: Supervision Bambang Widyantoro Roles: Supervision Competing interests No competing interests were disclosed. Grant information The author(s) declared that no grants were involved in supporting this work. Article Versions (1) version 1 Published: 21 Jan 2026, 15:96 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 Copyright © 2026 Taofan T et al . This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Download Export To Sciwheel Bibtex EndNote ProCite Ref. Manager (RIS) Sente metrics Views Downloads F1000Research - - PubMed Central info_outline Data from PMC are received and updated monthly. - - Citations open_in_new 0 open_in_new 0 open_in_new SEE MORE DETAILS CITE how to cite this article Taofan T, Ardiarto S, Indriani S et al. Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.170645.1 ) NOTE: If applicable, it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS track receive updates on this article Track an article to receive email alerts on any updates to this article. TRACK THIS ARTICLE Share Open Peer Review Current Reviewer Status: ? Key to Reviewer Statuses VIEW HIDE Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Jan 2026 Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Habibie YA. Reviewer Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 12 Mar 2026 Yopie Afriandi Habibie , Thoracic Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University of Syiah Kual, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457944 This study introduces zone-zero laser crossectomy, a new technique aimed at addressing residual stumps and recurrence in conventional endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). It reports a 100% occlusion rate and low complication rates at the 12-week follow-up. The authors acknowledge limitations, ... Continue reading READ ALL This study introduces zone-zero laser crossectomy, a new technique aimed at addressing residual stumps and recurrence in conventional endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). It reports a 100% occlusion rate and low complication rates at the 12-week follow-up. The authors acknowledge limitations, including a small sample size and short follow-up period, which enhance the credibility of their findings. Area of Improvement : 1. Longer Follow-Up : The study only includes a 12-week follow-up period, which is insufficient for assessing the technique's long-term durability. I suggest revising the title to reflect early outcomes. 2. Comparison with Other Techniques: Although the study mentions conventional EVLA and flush-EVLA, it does not present any direct comparative data. Including a control group or comparing the outcomes with other techniques would strengthen the study's impact. Is there a specific reason for the lack of comparison? 3. Mechanisms of Recurrence : The discussion could benefit from a more detailed explanation of recurrence mechanisms, such as neovascularization and residual reflux, to strengthen the rationale for the technique. 4. Please include a few images in the post-operative USG to show improvement after zero-zero crossectomy. This will be more beneficial for readers. Is the background of the cases’ history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Partly Is the conclusion balanced and justified on the basis of the findings? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Cardiovascular surgery, Thoracic Surgery, Vascular and Endovascular, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Habibie YA. Reviewer Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457944 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457944 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Views 0 Cite How to cite this report: Nugroho J. Reviewer Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457948 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457948 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. Close Copy Citation Details Reviewer Report 28 Feb 2026 Johanes Nugroho , Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Approved VIEWS 0 https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457948 The background clearly explains the clinical burden of chronic venous insufficiency, the rationale for conventional EVLA margins, and the theoretical advantages of zone-zero laser crossectomy. The manuscript appropriately highlights stump-related recurrence and positions this technique as a minimally invasive evolution ... Continue reading READ ALL The background clearly explains the clinical burden of chronic venous insufficiency, the rationale for conventional EVLA margins, and the theoretical advantages of zone-zero laser crossectomy. The manuscript appropriately highlights stump-related recurrence and positions this technique as a minimally invasive evolution of high ligation. A brief expansion on recurrence mechanisms (neovascularization vs residual reflux) could further strengthen the rationale. The work is clearly structured and well presented. The procedural description is detailed and reproducible, and relevant literature—including contemporary guideline frameworks—is appropriately cited. Minor refinements in decimal formatting and Table 2 presentation would improve clarity. As a descriptive case series, the statistical analysis is appropriate. Results are interpreted cautiously, and limitations related to short follow-up are acknowledged. Inclusion of confidence intervals would enhance completeness but is not essential. The procedural protocol is described in excellent technical detail, allowing practical reproducibility. Clarification of duplex criteria for defining complete obliteration and inclusion of full descriptive ranges in Table 2 would further enhance transparency. The conclusions are adequately supported by the reported early outcomes. The 100% early occlusion rate and low complication profile support the authors’ statements within the 12-week follow-up context. Overall, this manuscript provides valuable preliminary data and practical insight into zone-zero EVLA. It represents a meaningful technical contribution to evolving endovenous practice and merits publication following minor revisions. Is the background of the cases’ history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the conclusion balanced and justified on the basis of the findings? Yes Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise: Cardiovasvular I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. Close READ LESS CITE CITE HOW TO CITE THIS REPORT Nugroho J. Reviewer Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457948 ) The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457948 NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in all citations of this article. COPY CITATION DETAILS Report a concern Respond or Comment COMMENT ON THIS REPORT Comments on this article Comments (0) Version 1 VERSION 1 PUBLISHED 21 Jan 2026 ADD YOUR COMMENT Comment keyboard_arrow_left keyboard_arrow_right Open Peer Review Reviewer Status info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Reviewer Reports Invited Reviewers 1 2 Version 1 21 Jan 26 read read Johanes Nugroho , Airlangga University, Surabaya, Indonesia Yopie Afriandi Habibie , University of Syiah Kual, Banda Aceh, Indonesia Comments on this article All Comments (0) Add a comment Sign up for content alerts Sign Up You are now signed up to receive this alert Browse by related subjects keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Habibie Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 12 Mar 2026 | for Version 1 Yopie Afriandi Habibie , Thoracic Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, University of Syiah Kual, Banda Aceh, Aceh, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Habibie Y. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions This study introduces zone-zero laser crossectomy, a new technique aimed at addressing residual stumps and recurrence in conventional endovenous laser ablation (EVLA). It reports a 100% occlusion rate and low complication rates at the 12-week follow-up. The authors acknowledge limitations, including a small sample size and short follow-up period, which enhance the credibility of their findings. Area of Improvement : 1. Longer Follow-Up : The study only includes a 12-week follow-up period, which is insufficient for assessing the technique's long-term durability. I suggest revising the title to reflect early outcomes. 2. Comparison with Other Techniques: Although the study mentions conventional EVLA and flush-EVLA, it does not present any direct comparative data. Including a control group or comparing the outcomes with other techniques would strengthen the study's impact. Is there a specific reason for the lack of comparison? 3. Mechanisms of Recurrence : The discussion could benefit from a more detailed explanation of recurrence mechanisms, such as neovascularization and residual reflux, to strengthen the rationale for the technique. 4. Please include a few images in the post-operative USG to show improvement after zero-zero crossectomy. This will be more beneficial for readers. Is the background of the cases’ history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Partly Is the conclusion balanced and justified on the basis of the findings? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Cardiovascular surgery, Thoracic Surgery, Vascular and Endovascular, Emergency Medicine, Critical Care I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Habibie YA. Peer Review Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457944) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457944 keyboard_arrow_left Back to all reports Reviewer Report 0 Views copyright © 2026 Nugroho J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 28 Feb 2026 | for Version 1 Johanes Nugroho , Airlangga University, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia 0 Views copyright © 2026 Nugroho J. This is an open access peer review report distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. format_quote Cite this report speaker_notes Responses (0) Approved info_outline Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved The paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved Fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions The background clearly explains the clinical burden of chronic venous insufficiency, the rationale for conventional EVLA margins, and the theoretical advantages of zone-zero laser crossectomy. The manuscript appropriately highlights stump-related recurrence and positions this technique as a minimally invasive evolution of high ligation. A brief expansion on recurrence mechanisms (neovascularization vs residual reflux) could further strengthen the rationale. The work is clearly structured and well presented. The procedural description is detailed and reproducible, and relevant literature—including contemporary guideline frameworks—is appropriately cited. Minor refinements in decimal formatting and Table 2 presentation would improve clarity. As a descriptive case series, the statistical analysis is appropriate. Results are interpreted cautiously, and limitations related to short follow-up are acknowledged. Inclusion of confidence intervals would enhance completeness but is not essential. The procedural protocol is described in excellent technical detail, allowing practical reproducibility. Clarification of duplex criteria for defining complete obliteration and inclusion of full descriptive ranges in Table 2 would further enhance transparency. The conclusions are adequately supported by the reported early outcomes. The 100% early occlusion rate and low complication profile support the authors’ statements within the 12-week follow-up context. Overall, this manuscript provides valuable preliminary data and practical insight into zone-zero EVLA. It represents a meaningful technical contribution to evolving endovenous practice and merits publication following minor revisions. Is the background of the cases’ history and progression described in sufficient detail? Yes Are enough details provided of any physical examination and diagnostic tests, treatment given and outcomes? Yes Is sufficient discussion included of the importance of the findings and their relevance to future understanding of disease processes, diagnosis or treatment? Yes Is the conclusion balanced and justified on the basis of the findings? Yes Competing Interests No competing interests were disclosed. Reviewer Expertise Cardiovasvular I confirm that I have read this submission and believe that I have an appropriate level of expertise to confirm that it is of an acceptable scientific standard. reply Respond to this report Responses (0) Nugroho J. Peer Review Report For: Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in zone zero in Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) for chronic venous insufficiency - a case series [version 1; peer review: 2 approved] . F1000Research 2026, 15 :96 ( https://doi.org/10.5256/f1000research.188133.r457948) NOTE: it is important to ensure the information in square brackets after the title is included in this citation. The direct URL for this report is: https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1#referee-response-457948 Alongside their report, reviewers assign a status to the article: Approved - the paper is scientifically sound in its current form and only minor, if any, improvements are suggested Approved with reservations - A number of small changes, sometimes more significant revisions are required to address specific details and improve the papers academic merit. Not approved - fundamental flaws in the paper seriously undermine the findings and conclusions Adjust parameters to alter display View on desktop for interactive features Includes Interactive Elements View on desktop for interactive features Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Stay Updated Sign up for content alerts and receive a weekly or monthly email with all newly published articles Register with F1000Research Already registered? Sign in Not now, thanks close PLEASE NOTE If you are an AUTHOR of this article, please check that you signed in with the account associated with this article otherwise we cannot automatically identify your role as an author and your comment will be labelled as a “User Comment”. If you are a REVIEWER of this article, please check that you have signed in with the account associated with this article and then go to your account to submit your report, please do not post your review here. If you do not have access to your original account, please contact us . All commenters must hold a formal affiliation as per our Policies . The information that you give us will be displayed next to your comment. User comments must be in English, comprehensible and relevant to the article under discussion. We reserve the right to remove any comments that we consider to be inappropriate, offensive or otherwise in breach of the User Comment Terms and Conditions . Commenters must not use a comment for personal attacks. When criticisms of the article are based on unpublished data, the data should be made available. I accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions Please confirm that you accept the User Comment Terms and Conditions. Affiliation ✕ refresh Please enter your institution. Note: To add your institution or organisation, start typing the name and then select the correct name from the list. Where applicable, the name will appear in both the original language and in English. Do not paste in the name. If the name does not appear in the drop-down list, we will display the information you have entered. ✕ refresh Country/Region * USA UK Canada China France Germany Afghanistan Aland Islands Albania Algeria American Samoa Andorra Angola Anguilla Antarctica Antigua and Barbuda Argentina Armenia Aruba Australia Austria Azerbaijan Bahamas Bahrain Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bermuda Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Bouvet Island Brazil British Indian Ocean Territory British Virgin Islands Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi Cambodia Cameroon Canada Cape Verde Cayman Islands Central African Republic Chad Chile China Christmas Island Cocos (Keeling) Islands Colombia Comoros Congo Cook Islands Costa Rica Cote d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Czech Republic Democratic Republic of the Congo Denmark Djibouti Dominica Dominican Republic Ecuador Egypt El Salvador Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Estonia Ethiopia Falkland Islands Faroe Islands Federated States of Micronesia Fiji Finland France French Guiana French Polynesia French Southern Territories Gabon Georgia Germany Ghana Gibraltar Greece Greenland Grenada Guadeloupe Guam Guatemala Guernsey Guinea Guinea-Bissau Guyana Haiti Heard Island and Mcdonald Islands Holy See (Vatican City State) Honduras Hong Kong Hungary Iceland India Indonesia Iran Iraq Ireland Israel Italy Jamaica Japan Jersey Jordan Kazakhstan Kenya Kiribati Kosovo (Serbia and Montenegro) Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Lao People's Democratic Republic Latvia Lebanon Lesotho Liberia Libya Liechtenstein Lithuania Luxembourg Macao Madagascar Malawi Malaysia Maldives Mali Malta Marshall Islands Martinique Mauritania Mauritius Mayotte Mexico Minor Outlying Islands of the United States Moldova Monaco Mongolia Montenegro Montserrat Morocco Mozambique Myanmar Namibia Nauru Nepal Netherlands Antilles New Caledonia New Zealand Nicaragua Niger Nigeria Niue Norfolk Island North Korea North Macedonia Northern Mariana Islands Norway Oman Pakistan Palau Palestinian Territory Panama Papua New Guinea Paraguay Peru Philippines Pitcairn Poland Portugal Puerto Rico Qatar Reunion Romania Russian Federation Rwanda Saint Helena Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Pierre and Miquelon Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Samoa San Marino Sao Tome and Principe Saudi Arabia Senegal Serbia Seychelles Sierra Leone Singapore Slovakia Slovenia Solomon Islands Somalia South Africa South Georgia and the South Sandwich Is South Korea South Sudan Spain Sri Lanka Sudan Suriname Svalbard and Jan Mayen Swaziland Sweden Switzerland Syria Taiwan Tajikistan Tanzania Thailand The Gambia The Netherlands Timor-Leste Togo Tokelau Tonga Trinidad and Tobago Tunisia Turkey Turkmenistan Turks and Caicos Islands Tuvalu UK USA Uganda Ukraine United Arab Emirates United States Virgin Islands Uruguay Uzbekistan Vanuatu Venezuela Vietnam Wallis and Futuna West Bank and Gaza Strip Western Sahara Yemen Zambia Zimbabwe Please select your country/region. You must enter a comment. Competing Interests Please disclose any competing interests that might be construed to influence your judgment of the article's or peer review report's validity or importance. Competing Interests Policy Provide sufficient details of any financial or non-financial competing interests to enable users to assess whether your comments might lead a reasonable person to question your impartiality. Consider the following examples, but note that this is not an exhaustive list: Examples of 'Non-Financial Competing Interests' Within the past 4 years, you have held joint grants, published or collaborated with any of the authors of the selected paper. You have a close personal relationship (e.g. parent, spouse, sibling, or domestic partner) with any of the authors. You are a close professional associate of any of the authors (e.g. scientific mentor, recent student). You work at the same institute as any of the authors. You hope/expect to benefit (e.g. favour or employment) as a result of your submission. You are an Editor for the journal in which the article is published. Examples of 'Financial Competing Interests' You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, any of the following from any commercial organisation that may gain financially from your submission: a salary, fees, funding, reimbursements. You expect to receive, or in the past 4 years have received, shared grant support or other funding with any of the authors. You hold, or are currently applying for, any patents or significant stocks/shares relating to the subject matter of the paper you are commenting on. Please state your competing interests The comment has been saved. An error has occurred. Please try again. Cancel Post var lTitle = "Successful single-center experiences of laser...".replace("'", ''); var linkedInUrl = "http://www.linkedin.com/shareArticle?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle) + "&summary=" + encodeURIComponent('Read the article by '); var deliciousUrl = "https://del.icio.us/post?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); var redditUrl = "http://reddit.com/submit?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1" + "&title=" + encodeURIComponent(lTitle); linkedInUrl += encodeURIComponent('Taofan T et al.'); var offsetTop = /chrome/i.test( navigator.userAgent ) ? 4 : -10; var addthis_config = { ui_offset_top: offsetTop, services_compact : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_expanded : "facebook,twitter,www.linkedin.com,www.mendeley.com,reddit.com", services_custom : [ { name: "LinkedIn", url: linkedInUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_linkedin.svg" }, { name: "Mendeley", url: "http://www.mendeley.com/import/?url=https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1/mendeley", icon:"/img/icon/at_mendeley.svg" }, { name: "Reddit", url: redditUrl, icon:"/img/icon/at_reddit.svg" }, ] }; var addthis_share = { url: "https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96", templates : { twitter : "Successful single-center experiences of laser crossectomy in.... Taofan T et al., published by " + "@F1000Research" + ", https://f1000research.com/articles/15-96/v1" } }; if (typeof(addthis) != "undefined"){ addthis.addEventListener('addthis.ready', checkCount); addthis.addEventListener('addthis.menu.share', checkCount); } $(".f1r-shares-twitter").attr("href", "https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=" + addthis_share.templates.twitter); $(".f1r-shares-facebook").attr("href", "https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=" + addthis_share.url); $(".f1r-shares-linkedin").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[0].url); $(".f1r-shares-reddit").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[2].url); $(".f1r-shares-mendelay").attr("href", addthis_config.services_custom[1].url); function checkCount(){ setTimeout(function(){ $(".addthis_button_expanded").each(function(){ var count = $(this).text(); if (count !== "" && count != "0") $(this).removeClass("is-hidden"); else $(this).addClass("is-hidden"); }); }, 1000); } close How to cite this report {{reportCitation}} Cancel Copy Citation Details $(function(){R.ui.buttonDropdowns('.dropdown-for-downloads');}); $(function(){R.ui.toolbarDropdowns('.toolbar-dropdown-for-downloads');}); $.get("/articles/acj/170645/188133") new F1000.Clipboard(); new F1000.ThesaurusTermsDisplay("articles", "article", "188133"); $(document).ready(function() { $( "#frame1" ).on('load', function() { var mydiv = $(this).contents().find("div"); var h = mydiv.height(); console.log(h) }); var tooltipLivingFigure = jQuery(".interactive-living-figure-label .icon-more-info"), titleLivingFigure = tooltipLivingFigure.attr("title"); tooltipLivingFigure.simpletip({ fixed: true, position: ["-115", "30"], baseClass: 'small-tooltip', content:titleLivingFigure + " " }); tooltipLivingFigure.removeAttr("title"); $("body").on("click", ".cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); var ref = $(this).attr("data-ref"); $(this).closest(".living-figure-list-container").find("#" + ref).fadeIn(200); }); $("body").on("click", ".close-cite-living-figure", function(e) { e.preventDefault(); $(this).closest(".popup-window-wrapper").fadeOut(200); }); $(document).on("mouseup", function(e) { var metricsContainer = $(".article-metrics-popover-wrapper"); if (!metricsContainer.is(e.target) && metricsContainer.has(e.target).length === 0) { $(".article-metrics-close-button").click(); } }); var articleId = $('#articleId').val(); if($("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics) { $("#main-article-count-box").attachArticleMetrics(articleId, { articleMetricsView: true }); } }); var figshareWidget = $(".new_figshare_widget"); if (figshareWidget.length > 0) { window.figshare.load("f1000", function(Widget) { // Select a tag/tags defined in your page. In this tag we will place the widget. _.map(figshareWidget, function(el){ var widget = new Widget({ articleId: $(el).attr("figshare_articleId") //height:300 // this is the height of the viewer part. [Default: 550] }); widget.initialize(); // initialize the widget widget.mount(el); // mount it in a tag that's on your page // this will save the widget on the global scope for later use from // your JS scripts. This line is optional. //window.widget = widget; }); }); } close Error Close Add Reset F1000.MICROSERVICES.AFFILIATION = ''; $(document).ready(function () { $('.js-affiliations-form').each((index, form) => { new AffiliationForm({ formId: form.id, institutionErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-institution', departmentErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-department', placeSelector: '.js-add-comment-place', stateSelector: '.js-add-comment-state', zipCodeSelector: '.js-add-comment-zipcode', countrySelector: '.js-add-comment-country', countryErrorSelector: '.comment-enter-country', }); }); }); $(document).ready(function () { var reportIds = { "457943": 0, "457952": 0, "457950": 0, "457951": 0, "457948": 7, "457949": 0, "457946": 0, "457947": 0, "457944": 5, "457945": 0, }; $(".referee-response-container,.js-referee-report").each(function(index, el) { var reportId = $(el).attr("data-reportid"), reportCount = reportIds[reportId] || 0; $(el).find(".comments-count-container,.js-referee-report-views").html(reportCount); }); var uuidInput = $("#article_uuid"), oldUUId = uuidInput.val(), newUUId = "4aff965d-12a5-4e52-81f3-c17012f50ef1"; uuidInput.val(newUUId); $("a[href*='article_uuid=']").each(function(index, el) { var newHref = $(el).attr("href").replace(oldUUId, newUUId); $(el).attr("href", newHref); }); }); An innovative open access publishing platform offering rapid publication and open peer review, whilst supporting data deposition and sharing. Browse Gateways Collections How it Works Contact For Developers Cookie Notice Privacy Notice RSS Submit Your Research Follow us © 2012-2026 F1000 Research Ltd. ISSN 2046-1402 | Legal | Partner of Research4Life • CrossRef • ORCID • FAIRSharing R.templateTests.simpleTemplate = R.template(' $text $text $text $text $text '); R.templateTests.runTests(); var F1000platform = new F1000.Platform({ name: "f1000research", displayName: "F1000Research", hostName: "f1000research.com", id: "1", editorialEmail: "[email protected]", infoEmail: "[email protected]", usePmcStats: true }); $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-authors, .dropdown-for-about, .dropdown-for-myresearch');}); // $(function(){R.ui.dropdowns('.dropdown-for-referees');}); $(document).ready(function () { if ($(".cookie-warning").is(":visible")) { $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "35px"); $(".devices").addClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); } $(".cookie-warning .close-button").click(function (e) { $(".devices").removeClass("devices-and-cookie-warning"); $(".sticky").css("margin-bottom", "0"); }); $("#tweeter-feed .tweet-message").each(function (i, message) { var self = $(message); self.html(linkify(self.html())); }); $(".partner").on("mouseenter mouseleave", function() { $(this).find(".gray-scale, .colour").toggleClass("is-hidden"); }); }); Sign In Remember me Forgotten your password? Sign In Cancel Email or password not correct. Please try again Please wait... $(function(){ // Note: All the setup needs to run against a name attribute and *not* the id due the clonish // nature of facebox... $("a[id=googleSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("GOOGLE"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=facebookSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("FACEBOOK"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); $("a[id=orcidSignInButton]").click(function(event){ event.preventDefault(); $("input[id=oAuthSystem]").val("ORCID"); $("form[id=oAuthForm]").submit(); }); }); If you've forgotten your password, please enter your email address below and we'll send you instructions on how to reset your password. The email address should be the one you originally registered with F1000. Email address not valid, please try again You registered with F1000 via Google, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Google account password, please click here . You registered with F1000 via Facebook, so we cannot reset your password. To sign in, please click here . If you still need help with your Facebook account password, please click here . Code not correct, please try again Reset password Cancel Email us for further assistance. Server error, please try again. If your email address is registered with us, we will email you instructions to reset your password. If you think you should have received this email but it has not arrived, please check your spam filters and/or contact for further assistance. Please wait... Register $(document).ready(function () { signIn.createSignInAsRow($("#sign-in-form-gfb-popup")); $(".target-field").each(function () { var uris = $(this).val().split("/"); if (uris.pop() === "login") { $(this).val(uris.toString().replace(",","/")); } }); });