Generation and Propagation of Waves Train Induced by Modulational Instability  in Optical Communication Systems with Variable Dispersion and Nonlinearity

Generation and Propagation of Waves Train Induced by Modulational Instability in Optical Communication Systems with Variable Dispersion and Nonlinearity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Generation and Propagation of Waves Train Induced by Modulational Instability in Optical Communication Systems with Variable Dispersion and Nonlinearity Dieu-donné Gawarai, Adherant Aron Blamma, Hubert Malwe Boudoue, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We start with the Coupled Nonlinear Schr"odinger Equation, whose dispersion and nonlinear coefficients vary on time, into which we inject plane waves accompanied by infinitesimal perturbations. Under certain conditions we have established, these waves can fragment and form wave packets, the final outcome of which is the formation of salitary waves. This occurs at certain frequencies that depend on the characteristic of the propagation medium and which we call modulational instability zones. We have also shown the time interval for which this phenomenon appears. Numerical simulations have been made to make our investigations more believable. Their main application can be found in telecommunication systems, particularly in the information transmission through optical fiber. Coupled NLS Equation Variable Coefficients Modulational Instability Waves Train Generation Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 05 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 04 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 04 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8512956","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":569307068,"identity":"02d5ad58-6bb6-42e6-89f1-82bccaf5a407","order_by":0,"name":"Dieu-donné Gawarai","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABBUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCcY2EAli8jMwsEFpYrVINkC0AGn8gLEBpsXgAAEt8u5nDD9X1FjI9rH3GN74uOOOnPGN5GcPPlQwSJjj0GN4JsdY8swxCeM2njPGljPPPDM2u5FmbjjjDIOEzAEcWhpyN0g2sEkktknkmEnzth1O3HYjAcRgqJPA4TDD/rebfzb8A2qRfwPWUr95Rvo3kBYJXFrkJXK3STa2gWzhAWtJMIBYh1uLgcT7b5aNfSC/pBVbzmw7DPTGmzLJGWckcNvSn5Z8s+Fbnez89sMbb3xsOyzP356+TeJDhQ1uWzCDRSABROLSALSlAUOIH9OUUTAKRsEoGNkAAF94WOTRH3sxAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dieu-donné","middleName":"","lastName":"Gawarai","suffix":""},{"id":569307070,"identity":"dfd4a883-cec5-474e-842b-8cde52f3f647","order_by":1,"name":"Adherant Aron Blamma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adherant","middleName":"Aron","lastName":"Blamma","suffix":""},{"id":569307079,"identity":"709dfe49-03a5-4e5b-899e-c68d27ecd94b","order_by":2,"name":"Hubert Malwe Boudoue","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hubert","middleName":"Malwe","lastName":"Boudoue","suffix":""},{"id":569307084,"identity":"161e2f8e-4766-42cb-9ed9-9f56912acee0","order_by":3,"name":"Gambo Betchewe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Higher Teachers' Training College, University of Maroua","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gambo","middleName":"","lastName":"Betchewe","suffix":""},{"id":569307092,"identity":"01b22dcf-244f-4f79-99c8-e611d0d6dbfd","order_by":4,"name":"Serge Doka Yamigno","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ngaoundéré","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Serge","middleName":"Doka","lastName":"Yamigno","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-04 12:23:27","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":100754230,"identity":"aa20ff5a-395f-4674-9c82-ddba6e091994","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 05:53:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3491957,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8512956/v1_covered_31002aa7-cb20-4c4d-865f-8541e732c6a8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Generation and Propagation of Waves Train Induced by Modulational Instability in Optical Communication Systems with Variable Dispersion and Nonlinearity","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Coupled NLS Equation,Variable Coefficients, Modulational Instability, Waves Train Generation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"We start with the Coupled Nonlinear Schr\\\"odinger Equation, whose dispersion and nonlinear coefficients vary on time, into which we inject plane waves accompanied by infinitesimal perturbations. Under certain conditions we have established, these waves can fragment and form wave packets, the final outcome of which is the formation of salitary waves. This occurs at certain frequencies that depend on the characteristic of the propagation medium and which we call modulational instability zones. We have also shown the time interval for which this phenomenon appears. Numerical simulations have been made to make our investigations more believable. Their main application can be found in telecommunication systems, particularly in the information transmission through optical fiber.","manuscriptTitle":"Generation and Propagation of Waves Train Induced by Modulational Instability in Optical Communication Systems with Variable Dispersion and Nonlinearity","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-21 05:52:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8512956/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-05T07:14:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-05T04:46:28+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-05T04:45:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","date":"2026-01-04T12:08:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"optical-and-quantum-electronics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"oqel","sideBox":"Learn more about [Optical and Quantum Electronics](https://www.springer.com/journal/11082)","snPcode":"11082","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11082/3","title":"Optical and Quantum Electronics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"76fb2bf1-06de-4cc4-85c9-3edf821b6386","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T05:52:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-21 05:52:23","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8512956","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8512956","identity":"rs-8512956","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}