Efficacy of a Continuous Dean Flow UV-C System in Almond Milk Pasteurization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Biodosimetry

Efficacy of a Continuous Dean Flow UV-C System in Almond Milk Pasteurization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Biodosimetry | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Efficacy of a Continuous Dean Flow UV-C System in Almond Milk Pasteurization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Biodosimetry Amritpal Singh, Aakash Sharma, Brahmaiah Pendyala, Sampathkumar Balamurugan, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4974376/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A continuous Dean flow UV-C system was designed using fluorinated ethylene propylene tubing with UV-C transmission ≈ 60% wrapped in a serpentine path to improve axial mixing with a Dean number > 140. The microbial inactivation efficiency of the system was evaluated using Salmonella Typhimurium, E. coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus , Saccharomyces Cerevisiae , and T1UV inoculated in almond milk (AM) and treated at various fluence levels at an optimized flow rate of 515 ml/min. In addition, a detailed examination of the velocity magnitude at various locations in a dean flow system, especially at the bends, was quantified. The findings indicate that a reduction > 4 log was attained for all specified microorganisms with a reduction equivalent fluence of 22.05 mJ/cm 2 . Additionally, computational fluid dynamics were employed to examine the velocity magnitude and incident radiation field within the tubing. In summary, the system demonstrated effectiveness in inactivating target microorganisms present in almond milk. UV-C light Almond milk Dean flow system Optical attenuation coefficients Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 19 Sep, 2024 Reviews received at journal 16 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Sep, 2024 Reviewers agreed at journal 30 Aug, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 27 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 26 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 25 Aug, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4974376","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":356246479,"identity":"08eee672-0dd1-45ea-93fc-415a48c96fb8","order_by":0,"name":"Amritpal Singh","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgYgkpBDEkkgSouFMQ+YlUCUFrCuisQeorXw9x9ue/h1h0T6fun25w9+/rBh4GfPMcCrReJGYrux7BmJ3B6ZM4aNPQlpDJI9b/BrYbjB2CYt2QbUIpHD2MCTcJjB4AYBW+TPHwRrSeeRSH/Y+CfhP4M9IS0GBxLbJD+2SSTwSCQYNvMkHGAwkCCgxfBGYps0Y5uEYc+NHMPZMmnJPBJnnhXg1SJ3/vgzyZ9tdfLsM9IffHxjYyfH3568Aa8WEGDmQeLw4FSGDBh/EKVsFIyCUTAKRiwAAPq7R0KgbQRRAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Tennessee State Univeristy, Nashville","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amritpal","middleName":"","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""},{"id":356246480,"identity":"e72c8aec-abdc-4008-ac49-e1974a03f0d3","order_by":1,"name":"Aakash Sharma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tennessee State Univeristy, Nashville","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aakash","middleName":"","lastName":"Sharma","suffix":""},{"id":356246481,"identity":"7d27e325-912a-413b-9591-0bccf8d5293e","order_by":2,"name":"Brahmaiah Pendyala","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tennessee State Univeristy, Nashville","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Brahmaiah","middleName":"","lastName":"Pendyala","suffix":""},{"id":356246482,"identity":"1e0356ca-68e7-4498-a278-655eb00c2d9f","order_by":3,"name":"Sampathkumar Balamurugan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Guelph","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sampathkumar","middleName":"","lastName":"Balamurugan","suffix":""},{"id":356246483,"identity":"bd37c527-bb1d-4a84-aa92-5b51f756a8a4","order_by":4,"name":"Ankit Patras","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Tennessee State Univeristy, Nashville","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ankit","middleName":"","lastName":"Patras","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-08-26 00:06:31","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4974376/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4974376/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65235746,"identity":"100d0719-0174-441d-9fea-4dbc8b18cf0a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-09-25 05:37:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":691714,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"MANUSCRIPT.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4974376/v1_covered_a4287ce4-f6d4-4d0a-b3a8-2074bf39e46f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Efficacy of a Continuous Dean Flow UV-C System in Almond Milk Pasteurization Using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Biodosimetry","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"food-and-bioprocess-technology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Food and Bioprocess Technology](https://www.springer.com/journal/11947)","snPcode":"11947","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11947/3","title":"Food and Bioprocess Technology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"UV-C light, Almond milk, Dean flow system, Optical attenuation coefficients","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4974376/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4974376/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eA continuous Dean flow UV-C system was designed using fluorinated ethylene propylene tubing with UV-C transmission\u0026thinsp;\u0026asymp;\u0026thinsp;60% wrapped in a serpentine path to improve axial mixing with a Dean number\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;140. The microbial inactivation efficiency of the system was evaluated using \u003cem\u003eSalmonella\u003c/em\u003e Typhimurium, \u003cem\u003eE. coli\u003c/em\u003e O157:H7, \u003cem\u003eStaphylococcus aureus\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eSaccharomyces Cerevisiae\u003c/em\u003e, and T1UV inoculated in almond milk (AM) and treated at various fluence levels at an optimized flow rate of 515 ml/min. In addition, a detailed examination of the velocity magnitude at various locations in a dean flow system, especially at the bends, was quantified. The findings indicate that a reduction\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;4 log was attained for all specified microorganisms with a reduction equivalent fluence of 22.05 mJ/cm\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. Additionally, computational fluid dynamics were employed to examine the velocity magnitude and incident radiation field within the tubing. 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