Residue levels of sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in poultry eggs in Ghana

Residue levels of sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in poultry eggs in Ghana | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Case Report Residue levels of sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in poultry eggs in Ghana Vincent Anang Mensah, Cedric Dzidzor Amengor, Jonathan Mawutor Gmanyami, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8175951/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Poultry eggs were analyzed for residues of three veterinary drugs including sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate from selected farms in the Eastern Region Methods A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate poultry farmer’s knowledge, attitude and practice on the use of veterinary drugs to determine the risk factors for residue in poultry eggs. High-performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in tandem with Mass spectroscopy analyses was used to assess the residual levels of three veterinary drugs sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in the poultry eggs. Results Mean residue concentrations of all drugs varied in eggs. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride recorded a residue prevalence rate of 17.9% with mean residue concentration in eggs ranging from 0.54 µg/kg to 13.49 µg/kg ± 0.71. Amoxicillin trihydrate recorded a 30.7% prevalence with a residue concentration ranging from 4.92 µg/kg to 21.49 µg/kg ± 0.71. The detectable concentration was above the recommended maximum residue level established by JECF. Sulfadiazine recorded a residue occurrence rate of 7.6% and the mean sulfadiazine residue concentration ranges from 0 µg/kg to 26.48 µg/kg ± 0.71. The detectable concentration was below the recommended maximum residue level established by JECF. Conclusion Dietary exposure assessments of all drugs based on quantitated residue levels are within the Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives safe regulatory exposure limits. This study informs the veterinary food safety Laboratory and the public about veterinary drug residues in poultry and helps address policy and regulatory changes in the use of veterinary drugs in poultry. Poultry Veterinary Drugs Antibiotic Residues residual levels Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 30 Nov, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 27 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 27 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8175951","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Case Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":549823923,"identity":"b937e776-c5cb-4723-8995-ea831dbd8d5f","order_by":0,"name":"Vincent Anang 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Ghana","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-veterinary-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Veterinary Research](http://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12917","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12917/3?","title":"BMC Veterinary Research","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Poultry, Veterinary Drugs, Antibiotic Residues, residual levels","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8175951/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8175951/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003ePoultry eggs were analyzed for residues of three veterinary drugs including sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate from selected farms in the Eastern Region\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA semi-structured questionnaire was administered to evaluate poultry farmer\u0026rsquo;s knowledge, attitude and practice on the use of veterinary drugs to determine the risk factors for residue in poultry eggs. High-performance liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in tandem with Mass spectroscopy analyses was used to assess the residual levels of three veterinary drugs sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in the poultry eggs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean residue concentrations of all drugs varied in eggs. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride recorded a residue prevalence rate of 17.9% with mean residue concentration in eggs ranging from 0.54 \u0026micro;g/kg to 13.49 \u0026micro;g/kg\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71. Amoxicillin trihydrate recorded a 30.7% prevalence with a residue concentration ranging from 4.92 \u0026micro;g/kg to 21.49 \u0026micro;g/kg\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71. The detectable concentration was above the recommended maximum residue level established by JECF. Sulfadiazine recorded a residue occurrence rate of 7.6% and the mean sulfadiazine residue concentration ranges from 0 \u0026micro;g/kg to 26.48 \u0026micro;g/kg\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.71. The detectable concentration was below the recommended maximum residue level established by JECF.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eDietary exposure assessments of all drugs based on quantitated residue levels are within the Joint FAO/ WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives safe regulatory exposure limits. This study informs the veterinary food safety Laboratory and the public about veterinary drug residues in poultry and helps address policy and regulatory changes in the use of veterinary drugs in poultry.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Residue levels of sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline hydrochloride and amoxicillin trihydrate in poultry eggs in Ghana","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-25 18:12:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8175951/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-11-30T11:27:13+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T09:51:11+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-27T09:48:23+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Veterinary Research","date":"2025-11-21T18:08:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-veterinary-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Veterinary Research](http://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"12917","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/12917/3?","title":"BMC Veterinary Research","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1c3d4a78-e3eb-4f30-b29c-6c3170484786","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 25th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-18T01:08:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-25 18:12:42","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8175951","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8175951","identity":"rs-8175951","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}