Factors associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes of maternal syphilis in Henan, China, 2016-2022

Background: Maternal syphilis not only seriously affects the quality of life of pregnant women themselves, but also may cause various adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs). This study aimed to analysis the association between the related factors of maternal syphilis and APOs. Methods: : Pregnant women infected with syphilis in Henan Province from January 2016 to December 2022 were selected as the study participants. Data collection was conducted through the Preventing Mother-to-child Transmission of HIV, Syphilis and Hepatitis B Management Information System. Information on their demographic characteristics, treatment status, and pregnancy outcomes were collected. Multivariate Logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors associated with adverse outcomes among the study participants. Results: : The average age of the 7030 study participants included was 28.55 years old, and the incidence of APOs was 12.20%. For pregnant women infected with syphilis, the multivariate logistic regression results showed that the syphilis infected history (OR=1.378, 95% CI, 1.185-1.601) and the occurrence of abnormality during pregnancy (OR=4.993, 95% CI, 4.154-5.859) were risk factors. For the syphilis positive pregnant women receiving treatment, we found the syphilis infected history (OR=1.378, 95% CI, 1.185-1.601), the occurrence of abnormality during pregnancy (OR=4.993, 95% CI, 4.154-5.859), and not receiving standard treatment (OR=1.343, 95% CI, 1.133-1.592) to be risk factors. Conclusions: : Standard syphilis treatment is of great significance in reducing the incidence of APOs for pregnant women infected with syphilis.