Vitamin - Conjugated Metallic Nanoparticles: Applications for Antimicrobial and Anti-Cancer Drug Delivery

Vitamin-conjugated metallic nanoparticles (VC-MNPs) have emerged as a transformative platform in nanomedicine, offering a dual advantage of targeted drug delivery and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. This review highlights synthesis, characterization and recent advancements of VC-MNPs for biomedical applications, with a focus on antimicrobial and anti-cancer therapies. Diverse synthesis methods including chemical reduction, co-precipitation, sol-gel, and green approaches are evaluated, along with the influence of synthesis parameters on nanoparticle performance. The mechanisms underlying enhanced antimicrobial and anti-cancer efficacy are discussed, high-lighting the contributions of vitamin functionalization to cellular uptake and biocompatibility. The review elucidates the mechanistic basis for improved antimicrobial and anticancer activity, particularly focusing on how vitamin functionalization enhances cellular internalization and bio-compatibility profiles. Critical challenges in clinical translation are systematically assessed, including nanoparticle stability under physiological conditions, potential toxicity concerns, regulatory approval pathways, and manufacturing scalability requirements. Finally, the paper considers future perspectives, focusing on synthesis innovations, novel therapeutic targets, interdisciplinary collaborations, and pathways for clinical translation. Therefore, this review of recent advances promote vitamin conjugated metallic nanoparticles as a potent platform for next-generation drug delivery systems in medicine.