Geochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index Based Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS In Tropical River Basin.

Geochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index Based Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS In Tropical River Basin. | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Geochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index Based Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS In Tropical River Basin. Orukanda Dewalage Indunil Pradeep Dissanayake, Thanippuli Arachchige Nilusha Tharangani Perera, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the Kirama-ara River basin, Matara, southern region of Sri Lanka, a variety of agricultural inputs are utilized, and flooding is a common hazard. Therefore, the groundwater in this area is under serious threat. But the complete physicochemical profile of the groundwater in the Kirama-ara river basin is yet undiscovered. Therefore, the goals of this study were to (a) identify the geochemical characteristics and changes in water quality, (b) evaluate non-carcinogenic health risk and develop a Groundwater quality index (GWQI), and (c) generate a spatial distribution map for groundwater physicochemical characters in the Kirama-ara river basin in Matara, Sri Lanka. The physiochemical characteristics of 16 (G1 to G16) groundwater samples, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , K + , Cl - , NO 3 - , PO 4 3- , and SO 4 2- , were examined for spatial and chronological variations. The pH, NO 3 - , and PO 4 3- values of 50% (G1, G4, G7, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16), 6.25% (G16), and 6.25% (G16) of the samples, respectively, were determined to be exceeded the allowable limit by WHO standards. The physicochemical investigation demonstrated that while 87.5% of the locations were acceptable for drinking and12.5% of samples were not acceptable. The most common hydro-chemical facies were Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -HCO 3 - , mixed Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -Cl - face, and Ca 2+ -Cl - . Rock weathering has a weighty effect on the ionic composition and chemistry of groundwater in the study area. Additionally, health risk assessment revealed that children face greater health risks than adults. Further investigations should be conducted to build reasonable management plans for long-term groundwater quality conservation and public health. Gibbs plots GWQI Hazard quotient Physicochemical properties Piper plots Spatial Distribution Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3726609","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":271894097,"identity":"cb25f1b4-8223-42b3-ab05-a980461bda3e","order_by":0,"name":"Orukanda Dewalage Indunil Pradeep Dissanayake","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA5klEQVRIie3RMQrCMBSA4RcyuIhd21sEXLyLS4KrKYJLBy2ZdCnOFaReQZfOKYG6FFwLLnV3EFwcTSuIS1vdBPMPjyTkG0IATKafjIIEsKGcsvD0AcbiC0KzkqB28kwTYIty1UKsDkVqAgO3l/NEsmg+tJaa3L24ljhBASoEe+rkLpUsPvBQIYGC7FRLSE5BdcFmu3xMNEm50ASjxcdkk/Ltl0TM+K6NOMFZqJDYbJ1diKSp5HtNkqa3WJ2Ruk08n60O4/71OvN5dFRJcffqSfkLGMhrp6opG+5X4be133bZZDKZ/rAHiWNjWtd4guwAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ruhuna Faculty of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Orukanda","middleName":"Dewalage Indunil Pradeep","lastName":"Dissanayake","suffix":""},{"id":271894098,"identity":"7de94c91-0648-45c9-82fe-f431f2494c30","order_by":1,"name":"Thanippuli Arachchige Nilusha Tharangani Perera","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Uva Wellassa University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Thanippuli","middleName":"Arachchige Nilusha Tharangani","lastName":"Perera","suffix":""},{"id":271894099,"identity":"2ccd7b5a-f2fd-45c3-8ab9-5909bf201e08","order_by":2,"name":"Guttila Yugantha Jayasinghe","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"University of Ruhuna Faculty of Agriculture","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guttila","middleName":"Yugantha","lastName":"Jayasinghe","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2023-12-08 16:45:22","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":75658952,"identity":"6c57d2f3-73e1-49fc-a1b7-0862b6b8049f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-02-06 22:04:09","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1223286,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Manuscript1.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-3726609/v1_covered_f24b16bb-fc59-4fd6-abe3-f30811b8ff4f.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Geochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index Based Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS In Tropical River Basin.","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Gibbs plots, GWQI, Hazard quotient, Physicochemical properties, Piper plots, Spatial Distribution","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIn the Kirama-ara River basin, Matara, southern region of Sri Lanka, a variety of agricultural inputs are utilized, and flooding is a common hazard. Therefore, the groundwater in this area is under serious threat. But the complete physicochemical profile of the groundwater in the Kirama-ara river basin is yet undiscovered. Therefore, the goals of this study were to (a) identify the geochemical characteristics and changes in water quality, (b) evaluate non-carcinogenic health risk and develop a Groundwater quality index (GWQI), and (c) generate a spatial distribution map for groundwater physicochemical characters in the Kirama-ara river basin in Matara, Sri Lanka. The physiochemical characteristics of 16 (G1 to G16) groundwater samples, including pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e, Na\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, K\u003csup\u003e+\u003c/sup\u003e, Cl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3-\u003c/sup\u003e, and SO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2-\u003c/sup\u003e, were examined for spatial and chronological variations. The pH, NO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, and PO\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e3-\u003c/sup\u003e values of 50% (G1, G4, G7, G12, G13, G14, G15, G16), 6.25% (G16), and 6.25% (G16) of the samples, respectively, were determined to be exceeded the allowable limit by WHO standards. The physicochemical investigation demonstrated that while 87.5% of the locations were acceptable for drinking and12.5% of samples were not acceptable. The most common hydro-chemical facies were Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e-Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e-HCO\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e, mixed Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e-Mg\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e-Cl\u003csup\u003e- \u003c/sup\u003eface, and Ca\u003csup\u003e2+\u003c/sup\u003e-Cl\u003csup\u003e-\u003c/sup\u003e. Rock weathering has a weighty effect on the ionic composition and chemistry of groundwater in the study area. Additionally, health risk assessment revealed that children face greater health risks than adults. Further investigations should be conducted to build reasonable management plans for long-term groundwater quality conservation and public health.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Geochemical Characterization and Water Quality Index Based Assessment of Groundwater Quality Using GIS In Tropical River Basin.","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-02-12 16:05:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3726609/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"f468359f-f050-4eb5-aa9b-e8720644a3cb","owner":[],"postedDate":"February 12th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-02-06T21:56:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-02-12 16:05:18","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3726609","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3726609","identity":"rs-3726609","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}