Evaluation of intravenous magnesium sulphate on haemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation in surgeries of ear, nose and throat

Heart rate, arterial blood pressure, and arrhythmias significantly surge during laryngoscopy and intubation. Anesthesiologists constantly look for ways to minimize these unwanted reactions. Several medicinal interventions have been suggested to mitigate these side effects; intravenous magnesium sulphate injection is one such intervention. Magnesium sulphate is a divalent salt widely recognized for its capacity to lower sympathetic nervous system muscle cell excitability, which lowers blood pressure and causes vasodilation. It is approved as a medicine to treat preeclampsia and control blood pressure. Moreover, there is growing recognition of its benefits on hemodynamic parameters in patients suffering from ischemic infective endocarditis and heart disease. Magnesium is an asset for reducing negative cardiovascular reactions occurring at the time of laryngoscopy and intubation because of its capacity to reduce catecholamine synthesis from adrenergic nerve ends and the adrenal medulla. Intravenous magnesium sulphate will be used in this trial to assess its effect on reducing adverse hemodynamic responses in candidates for elective laryngoscopy and intubation for ENT surgeries.