Turkronicles: Diachronic Resources for the Fast Evolving Turkish Language

Turkronicles: Diachronic Resources for the Fast Evolving Turkish Language | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Turkronicles: Diachronic Resources for the Fast Evolving Turkish Language Umur Togay YAZAR, Mucahid Kutlu, İsa Kerem Bayırlı This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811739/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Over the past century, the Turkish language has undergone substantial changes, mainly driven by governmental interventions. The relatively rapid linguistic evolution of the Turk-ish language complicates the processing of historical Turkish documents. In this work, we introduce Turkronicles, which is a diachronic corpus for Turkish derived from the OfficialGazette of Türkiye and the records of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, spanning the period from 1920 to 2022. Turkronicles contains 45K documents and 842M tokens, making it an important resource for analyzing the linguistic evolution of Turkish and developing models to process historical Turkish documents. In addition, we develop a library to conduct linguistic analysis on diachronic corpora easily. Furthermore, we explore how the Turkish vocabulary and the writing conventions have changed since 1920 using our corpus. Our analysis reveals that the vocabulary has changed significantly and multiple spellings exist for several words. Specifically, we show that vocabulary divergence increases over time, as expected. Approximately 65% of the words used in the 1920s were no longer in use between 2010 and 2019. Despite the substantial vocabulary changes, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify old Turkish words that have the same meanings with newly coined ones using word embeddings. Regarding writing conventions, we found a noticeable decrease in the use of circumflex. In addition, words ending with the letters ’-b’ and ’-d’ have been largely replaced by their counterparts ending with ’-p’ and ’-t’, respectively, although the former are still in use. Overall, our study quantitatively highlights the dramatic changes in Turkish from various linguistic aspects Diachronic Corpora Diachronic Analysis Turkish Corpus Frequency Analysis Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4811739","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":344640325,"identity":"348115c0-554a-42e3-a245-7729a213ea2f","order_by":0,"name":"Umur Togay YAZAR","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAwklEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBADOQjFRoIWY4hqIMFDrJbEBqK1GBzgMfz4o+Zeer98jwHDh7LDDPbSBwhqMZaQOFacO7ONx4BxxrnDDDx8CQS1GEgYsCXkbjjGY8DM2wbUQshlIFt+JPxLSLcHaflLpBYziYNtCQkGbEAtjMRokTzMVmbZ2JdgOONYWsHBnnPpPDxnCGjhO968+eaPbwny/M2HNz74UWYtx95DQAsDM4cBnH2AgbiYZH9AhKJRMApGwSgY0QAAXIQ5u6Py0awAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Umur","middleName":"Togay","lastName":"YAZAR","suffix":""},{"id":344640326,"identity":"af8c9e7f-d152-4f87-b265-5736f9f134ad","order_by":1,"name":"Mucahid Kutlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Qatar University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mucahid","middleName":"","lastName":"Kutlu","suffix":""},{"id":344640327,"identity":"8b074ed8-2eb9-4429-937a-cfacd9c67ae8","order_by":2,"name":"İsa Kerem Bayırlı","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"İsa","middleName":"Kerem","lastName":"Bayırlı","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-27 07:38:12","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811739/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811739/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":65840032,"identity":"d79f23f8-cb60-46e3-b442-974c28fcbe50","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-10-03 11:53:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":460795,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Turkronicles.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4811739/v1_covered_9c88dda6-5b86-4001-8577-2ec812489fd9.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Turkronicles: Diachronic Resources for the Fast Evolving Turkish Language","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Diachronic Corpora, Diachronic Analysis, Turkish Corpus, Frequency Analysis","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811739/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4811739/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Over the past century, the Turkish language has undergone substantial changes, mainly driven by governmental interventions. The relatively rapid linguistic evolution of the Turk-ish language complicates the processing of historical Turkish documents. In this work, we introduce Turkronicles, which is a diachronic corpus for Turkish derived from the OfficialGazette of Türkiye and the records of the Grand National Assembly of Türkiye, spanning the period from 1920 to 2022. Turkronicles contains 45K documents and 842M tokens, making it an important resource for analyzing the linguistic evolution of Turkish and developing models to process historical Turkish documents. In addition, we develop a library to conduct linguistic analysis on diachronic corpora easily. Furthermore, we explore how the Turkish vocabulary and the writing conventions have changed since 1920 using our corpus. Our analysis reveals that the vocabulary has changed significantly and multiple spellings exist for several words. Specifically, we show that vocabulary divergence increases over time, as expected. 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