Comparison of clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of complete and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty

Abstract Purpose Septate uterus is the most common congenital uterine malformation. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to compare the clinical outcomes and second-look hysteroscopy of patients with complete and incomplete septate uterus after septoplasty. Methods We reviewed the medical records of patients with septate uterus who underwent hysteroscopic septoplasty and a second-look hysteroscopy at West China Second University Hospital between September 2013 to September 2021. Information on pregnancy outcomes was subsequently collected through telephone interviews. Independent samples t-test/Mann–Whitney U test and Pearson’s chi-square test/ Fisher’s exact test were used to explore the differences between the complete group and the incomplete group. Results A total of 64 patients were enrolled in the study. There was no significant difference in intrauterine adhesion (IUA) rates (16.7% and 32.1%), pregnancy rates (44.1% and 42.9%), term delivery rates (35.3% and 32.1%), premature delivery rates (2.9% and 0), placenta previa rates (2.9% and 3.6%), placenta implantation/adhesion rates (5.9% and 3.6%), and premature rupture of membranes rates (2.9% and 0) between the complete group and the incomplete group after hysteroscopic septoplasty (P＞0.05). Endometrial polyps in septate uterus were not rare, with an incidence of 33.3% in complete group and 25% in incomplete group (P＞0.05). Conclusion The pregnancy outcomes of complete septate uterus and incomplete septate uterus after hysteroscopic septoplasty were similar, and there was no statistical difference in IUAs after the surgery.