HIV treatment cascade and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Brazil: A cross-sectional study

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Motta-Castro, and 18 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 24 Jan, 2026 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The HIV treatment cascade is an important clinical monitoring strategy that involves the number of MSM living with HIV in health services. This study aimed to analyze the HIV treatment cascade in the MSM population in Brazil and to identify factors associated with different cascade stages. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 Brazilian capitals and included 4,176 MSM recruited through respondent-driven sampling in 2016. Factors associated with each stage of the HIV treatment cascade (outcomes), i.e., HIV diagnosis, use of antiretroviral therapy, and achievement of undetectable viral load, were identified via logistic regression. Results Approximately 18.3% (95% CI: 15.4–21.7) of the MSM tested HIV positive at the time of the survey. Among those living with HIV, only 55.5% (95% CI: 46.2–64.4) had previous knowledge of their serologic status, and 98.4% (95% CI: 96.3–99.3) of those aware of their status used antiretroviral therapy. Among those reporting using antiretroviral therapy, 80.0% (95% CI: 64.8–89.7) had a suppressed viral load, whereas 79.4% (95% CI: 64.4–89.2) had an undetectable viral load. Age > 25 years, having completed high school or higher, having a previous diagnosis of another sexually transmitted infection, and not being identified as bisexual were positively associated with all outcomes. Conclusions Once enrolled in HIV treatment programs, most MSM achieve viral suppression. The challenge for HIV control is that fully half of our sample or men who tested positive did not know their HIV status. Regardless of the reason for this lack of testing, Brazil faces a continuing HIV epidemic. Health sciences/Health care Health sciences/Risk factors Health sciences/Diseases/Infectious diseases/Hiv infections Men who have sex with men HIV care continuum ARV HIV epidemiology HIV suppression Risk factors Figures Figure 1 Introduction HIV remains a complex public health problem worldwide [ 1 ]. In 2022, approximately 40 million individuals worldwide were identified as people living with HIV (PLHIV) [ 2 ]. In Latin America, 120,000 people were newly infected with HIV in 2019, a 21% increase since 2010 [ 3 ]. Conversely, high-income countries have recently reported the elimination of HIV [ 4 , 5 ]. This success has been attributed to their concerted efforts in developing effective prevention tools, including early diagnosis [ 4 , 5 ]. Early diagnosis of HIV infection facilitates the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This approach significantly decreases the circulating virus concentration, resulting in viral suppression and reduced transmission [ 6 ]. In 2021, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization (WHO), and several signatory countries reviewed previously established objectives and proposed 95-95-95 targets [ 2 ]. These targets stipulate that 95% of HIV-infected individuals will be diagnosed, 95% of those diagnosed will receive ART, and 95% of those receiving ART will achieve a suppressed viral load (SVL) by 2030 [ 2 ]. The HIV test-and-treat cascade [ 7 ] enables the monitoring of these targets. It is a strategy for following up with PLHIV in health services, encompassing five stages: diagnosis of HIV infection, linkage to care, retention in care, use of ART, and viral suppression [ 8 – 10 ]. These targets present challenges, especially among key populations disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). These challenges are exacerbated in Latin America, where significant inequalities create social and structural barriers that affect the effectiveness of health services [ 11 ]. These countries reported 110,000 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in 2022, accounting for 10% of all new HIV infections worldwide [ 2 ], and an HIV prevalence of 9.5% in MSM in 2018–2022, which is nearly 20-fold higher than that in adults in the general population aged 15–49 years [ 12 ]. In Brazil, the HIV infection rate increased by 17.2% from 2020–2022 [ 13 ]. Furthermore, new HIV infections have been detected principally among MSM (52.6%) over the last two decades [ 13 ]. The ongoing violation of the social rights of MSM, partly due to stigma and discrimination [ 14 ], hinders access to HIV testing and treatment. Additional barriers include lack of trust in partners, fear of breach of confidentiality, and lack of information [ 15 , 16 ]. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the HIV test‒and‒treat cascade in the Brazilian MSM population in 12 state capitals and to identify the factors associated with the stages of this cascade. Methods Study site and type A survey among MSM from 12 capitals in the five administrative regions of Brazil was conducted from June to December 2016. The surveyed cities were Manaus and Belém (northern region); Fortaleza, Recife, and Salvador (northeast); Brasília and Campo Grande (central-western); Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo (southeast); and Curitiba and Porto Alegre (south). The study was conducted in public health system clinics, except in Belo Horizonte and Salvador, where rented rooms were used. Each location included reception and waiting areas, interview spaces, and private rooms for testing and counseling. Study population and sample size The sample comprised MSM aged ≥ 18 years who reported engaging in oral or anal sex with another man in the past 12 months and who lived, studied, or worked in the selected capital. The participants signed separate informed consent forms (ICFs) for the questionnaire and biological tests, with the option of decreasing participation in the tests. Individuals under the influence of drugs or alcohol or who were identified as transwomen were excluded. The sample size calculation for RDS is the same as that for other studies, and a design effect (DE) is recommended. DE refers to the ratio between the actual and expected variances in comparison to simple random sampling. On the basis of recommendations from Wejnert et al. [ 17 ] and using the HIV prevalence rates estimated in a previous study [ 18 ], we calculated sample sizes for the 12 cities ranging from 204–474. Ultimately, the donors determined a maximum sample size of 350 per city. Most of the sites achieved convergence on important outcome variables between the fifth and sixth waves before reaching 350 participants. Formative research Formative research (FR) was conducted before data collection, as recommended by Johnston et al. [ 19 ], following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for studies using the RDS method. Individual interviews and focus groups (FGs) were used. The interviews covered topics such as sexual identity, the social and geographical organization of MSM, and perceived acceptance by the community. Questions pertaining to study coordination, including details about the study location and operating hours; inquiries about social network size and willingness to participate and test; and the potential to act as seeds, were explored until saturation was achieved on each topic. A total of 184 MSM participated in the FR, of whom 58 participated in individual interviews; 17 FGs were conducted. Data collection Five to six participants were identified as seeds in each study location. Each seed received three nonreproducible coupons to invite three acquaintances. All eligible participants who completed the survey, including the seeds, received USD 10. The participants received an additional 10 USD for every recruit who completed the survey. After providing consent, the interviewer administered a questionnaire to assess the size of the participant’s social network through a computer-assisted self-interview. Before the interview, the participant was offered a tablet if they preferred to answer the questionnaire independently. The questionnaire was divided into several sections to assess various domains: 1) identification and eligibility; 2) socioeconomic and demographic information; 3) access to general and HIV-specific health services; 4) history of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C testing; 5) knowledge about HIV and AIDS, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and treatment; 6) gay and homosexual visibility; 7) sexual behavior; 8) drug and alcohol use; and 9) social inclusion and participation. The participants’ social network was investigated via a four-question cascade: “How many men have you met or talked to in the last 2 months whom you know by name and who know you by name; who had sex with other men (oral or anal) in the last 12 months; who live, study, and work in [city]; and who are 18 years old or over? How many of them would you invite to participate in this study?” After completing the questionnaire, the respondent was referred for blood tests. The participants initially underwent the RT1 Anti-HIV rapid test (Alere, Bioeasy). If the result was positive, RT2 HIV testing was performed (Abon). Participants with two positive test results were considered HIV positive. HIV-positive participants were counseled and immediately sent to a referral center or health unit. Following the rapid tests, the blood samples were centrifuged and stored at − 20°C. The samples were sent to the national reference laboratory (Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo) for confirmation. The transportation of samples was performed according to standards set by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency. Plasma sample HIV RNA was quantified via the Abbott real-time HIV-1 assay (M2000), following the manufacturer’s instructions, in an accredited laboratory of the National HIV Viral Load Network (IAL, Centro de Virologia, São Paulo). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) was employed to generate RNA genome amplicons. The amplification cycle used to detect the fluorescent signal was proportional to the logarithm of the HIV concentration. Data analysis The Gile sequential sampling (SS) estimator was used to calculate the RDS required weights for every participant in each city (RDS Analyst 1.7–16). This estimator assumes a finite population and requires a population size estimation for each sample. The estimation we used was based on the proportion of men who self-reported having at least one same-sex relationship in the 2013 National Research of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in the Brazilian population (aged 18–64 years) [ 20 ]. In our study, we applied those regional estimates to the total male population aged 18–64 years in each city within that region on the basis of data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [ 21 ]. The seeds were included in the sample for analysis. After applying participant weights, the data from the 12 cities were merged and analyzed via Stata 17.0™ software. Each city was treated as a stratum. A univariate analysis was initially conducted to explore the study variables. Social class was defined according to standard socioeconomic strata (A–E) developed by the Brazilian Association of Research Organizations [ 22 ]. Alcohol use was assessed via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [ 23 ], a 10-item questionnaire recommended by the WHO. AUDIT scores range from 0–40 points, with a score of ≤ 7 indicating low or no risk and a score of ≥ 8 indicating moderate to high-risk consumption. Consistent condom use was defined as the use of condoms in all insertive and receptive sexual acts, with any partner, in the past 6 months. Access to supplies was defined as receiving free lubricant and condoms. The HIV treatment cascade was analyzed as follows: 1) the percentage of participants at each stage was based on the total number of people with HIV identified during the study (Fig. 1 A), and 2) the percentage of participants at each stage was based on the total number of people in the previous stage (Fig. 1 B). The cascade included four stages: previous HIV diagnosis, use of ART, suppressed viral load (SVL), and undetectable viral load (UVL). A previous HIV diagnosis was defined as a report of a positive result of HIV testing prior to the study. Moreover, ART use was defined as self-reported use of ART. Only those who reported current treatment were analyzed for viral load. These tests were performed in 2024 using biological samples collected in 2016, which had been properly stored. Following recent WHO [ 24 ] and current Brazilian Ministry of Health [ 25 ] recommendations, SVL was defined as ≤ 1,000 copies/ml, whereas UVL was defined as < 200 copies/ml. Bivariate analyses of the outcomes, such as a previous HIV diagnosis, ART use, SVL and UVL, were conducted via the chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR). Variables associated with outcomes at a significance level of 20% were initially included in the multivariate model. Only the variables that maintained a significance level of 5% were retained in the final logistic model. Ethical considerations The study protocol was approved in 2015 by the Committee on Research Ethics of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), accredited by the Brazil National Commission on Research (#1.024.053-23/06/2015), and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. Results A total of 4,176 MSM were included in the study. Of these, 585 (18.3%, CI95%: 15.4–21.7) were HIV positive. Most MSM diagnosed with HIV were aged ≥ 25 years (69.1%, CI95%: 59.6–77.3), reported previous STIs (69.8%, CI95%: 60.7–77.5), and reported inconsistent condom use (50.5%, CI95%: 40.9–60.0) (Table 1 ). Table 1 Sociodemographic and health characteristics of MSM living with HIV in Brazil, 2016. Variables n %* CI95%* Age (n = 580) < 25 years 198 30.8 22.7–40.4 ≥ 25 years 382 69.1 59.6–77.3 Educational level (n = 581) Incomplete high school 132 21.9 15.6–29.8 Complete high school/higher 449 78.1 70.2–84.4 Religion (n = 572) No 199 36.9 27.7–47.2 Yes 373 63.1 52.8–72.3 Marital status (n = 575) Married/common-law marriage 95 16.1 9.7–25.5 Single/widowed/separated 480 83.9 74.5–90.3 Socioeconomic class (n = 576) A/B 226 37.9 28.7–48.0 C/D–E 350 62.1 51.9–71.3 Reported being bisexual (n = 576) Yes 441 83.4 77.1–88.2 No 135 16.6 11.8–22.9 Disclosed sexual identity (n = 575) No 27 6.7 3.8–11.6 Yes 548 93.3 88.4–96.2 Knows how HIV is transmitted (n = 576) No 217 42.5 33.2–52.2 Yes 359 57.5 47.7–66.7 Reported previous STI (n = 585) No 232 30.2 22.5–39.3 Yes 353 69.8 60.7–77.5 Access to free supplies (lubricant and condoms) (n = 576) No 102 14.6 9.7–21.2 Yes 474 85.4 78.8–90.3 Participated in NGO (n = 573) No 408 68.1 58.3–76.5 Yes 165 31.9 23.5–41.8 Participated in public events (n = 574) No 441 83.0 76.0–88.3 Yes 133 17.0 11.7–24.0 Ever exchanged money/favors for sex (n = 561) No 329 67.8 59.1–75.4 Yes 232 32.2 24.6–40.9 Inconsistent condom use (n = 576) Yes 269 49.5 39.9–59.1 No 307 50.5 40.9–60.0 Alcohol consumption (n = 558) High risk 250 33.3 25.7–41.9 Low risk 308 66.7 58.1–74.3 Use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n = 569) No 437 80.9 73.7–86.5 Yes 132 19.1 13.5–26.3 *Weighted values. Among the MSM living with HIV, 55.5% (95% CI: 46.2–64.4) were aware of their serologic status, 54.7% (95% CI: 45.5–63.7) received ART, 43.8% (95% CI: 43.9–53.2) had SVL, and 43.5% (95% CI: 34.6–52.8) had UVL (Fig. 1 A). With respect to continuous HIV care, 98.4% (95% CI: 96.3–99.3) of the participants living with HIV who were aware of their HIV status received ART. Among those treated with ART, 80.0% (95% CI: 64.8–89.7) had a suppressed viral load, whereas 79.4% (95% CI: 64.4–89.2) had an undetectable viral load (Fig. 1 B). 1A. Percentage of MSM at each stage of the cascade in relation to the total number of PLHIV identified in the study. 1B. ART use is related to MSM who were HIV positive before the study; suppressed viral load (SVL) and undetectable viral load (UVL) are related to ART use. Bivariate analysis revealed positive associations between a previous diagnosis of HIV infection and parameters such as older age, higher education level, having a religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in an NGO, participation in public events, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table 2 ). Table 2 Factors associated with a previous HIV diagnosis, ART use, SVL and UVL in MSM living with HIV in Brazil. Variables Previous HIV diagnosis ART use SVL UVL % (CI95%) p % (CI95%) p % (CI95%) p % (CI95%) p Age (n = 580) < 25 years 26.5 (15.2–42.3) < 0.01 26.1 (14.8–41.8) < 0.01 22.2 (12.1–37.2) < 0.01 21.9 (11.8–37.0) < 0.01 ≥ 25 years 68.8 (57.5–78.2) 67.9 (56.7–77.4) 53.8 (42.0-65.1) 53.4 (41.7–64.8) Educational level (n = 581) Incomplete high school 25.8 (14.6–41.4) < 0.01 23.9 (13.0–39.6) < 0.01 16.5 (8.0-30.8) < 0.01 16.4 (7.9–30.7) < 0.01 Complete high school/higher 63.6 (52.0–73.8) 63.1 (51.6–73.3) 51.0 (39.6–62.3) 50.6 (39.2–62.0) Religion (n = 572) No 48.1 (31.4–65.4) 0.05 47.3 (30.6–64.6) 0.05 32.0 (19.4–47.9) 0.01 31.6 (19.1–47.5) 0.01 Yes 68.0 (58.6–76.1) 67.2 (57.8–75.4) 57.1 (46.4–67.2) 56.8 (46.1–66.9) Marital status (n = 575) Married/common-law marriage 76.7 (59.3–88.2) 0.06 76.4 (58.8–88.0) 0.06 43.6 (21.3–68.8) 0.68 43.3 (21.1–68.5) 0.69 Single/widowed/separated 58.4 (48.5–67.7) 57.5 (47.6–66.8) 49.3 (39.4–59.3) 49.0 (39.0–56.0) Socioeconomic class (n = 576) A/B 61.3 (43.3–76.7) 0.97 61.3 (43.3–76.7) 0.87 58.6 (41.0-74.2) 0.12 58.2 (40.7–73.9) 0.12 C/D–E 61.0 (51.0–70.2) 59.7 (49.6–69.0) 42.0 (31.4–53.4) 41.6 (31.1–53.0) Reported being bisexual (n = 576) No 67.3 (56.7–76.3) < 0.01 67.0 (56.3–76.0) < 0.01 53.0 (41.9–63.8) < 0.01 48.1 (37.3–59.1) 0.02 Yes 30.4 (17.5–47.5) 27.3 (15.0–44.7) 24.5 (12.5–42.5) 22.4 (10.7–41.0) Disclosed sexual identity (n = 575) No 14.8 (4.8–37.6) < 0.01 12.1 (3.4–35.5) < 0.01 9.0 (1.7–35.8) < 0.01 8.3 (1.4–36.5) < 0.01 Yes 64.6 (55.0–73.1) 63.9 (54.4–72.5) 51.2 (41.2–61.1) 46.5 (36.7–56.5) Knows how HIV is transmitted (n = 576) No 55.4 (41.5–68.5) 0.30 55.4 (41.5–68.5) 0.37 49.1 (35.0-63.3) 0.10 44.8 (30.6–59.9) 0.87 Yes 65.4 (52.5–76.4) 64.0 (51.2–75.0) 47.7 (35.5–60.2) 43.1 (31.6–55.5) Reported previous STI (n = 585) No 14.4 (6.2–30.0) < 0.01 14.5 (6.2–30.1) < 0.01 11.6 (4.3–27.8) < 0.01 10.8 (3.7–27.5) < 0.01 Yes 73.3 (61.2–82.7) 72.2 (60.2–81.7) 57.8 (45.4–57.8) 52.4 (40.5–64.0) Access to free supplies (lubricant/condoms) (n = 576) No 22.3 (10.6–41.0) < 0.01 22.0 (10.4–40.8) < 0.01 21.7 (10.2–40.6) < 0.01 17.0 (6.8–36.4) < 0.01 Yes 67.8 (57.7–76.4) 66.9 (56.8–75.6) 52.8 (42.1–63.2) 48.4 (38.0–59.0) Participated in NGO (n = 573) No 48.7 (37.5–60.0) < 0.01 47.8 (36.7–59.1) < 0.01 34.6 (24.9–45.8) < 0.01 30.8 (21.5–42.0) < 0.01 Yes 88.4 (77.4–99.5) 87.8 (76.7–94.0) 78.0 (62.1–88.4) 72.2 (56.0–84.1) Participated in public events (n = 574) No 55.7 (45.2–65.7) < 0.01 54.6 (44.1–64.7) < 0.01 44.0 (33.6–54.9) 0.02 41.2 (30.9–52.2) 0.14 Yes 88.5 (80.9–93.4) 89.0 (81.4–93.6) 69.8 (49.4–84.5) 57.4 (38.6–74.4) Ever exchanged money/favors for sex (n = 561) No 66.6 (54.3–77.0) 0.07 66.1 (53.9–76.6) 0.06 56.0 (43.1–68.1) 0.01 51.9 (39.3–64.3) < 0.01 Yes 50.0 (36.9–63.0) 48.3 (35.4–61.5) 32.1 (21.4–45.1) 26.7 (17.0–39.3) Inconsistent condom use (n = 576) No 70.8 (60.5–79.4) 0.04 69.0 (58.7–77.9) 0.06 60.1 (48.8–70.4) 0.01 58.4 (47.0–68.9) < 0.01 Yes 51.7 (37.0–66.0) 51.8 (37.1–66.1) 36.6 (23.8–51.8) 29.6 (17.7–45.2) Alcohol consumption (n = 558) High risk 44.1 (32.4–56.4) < 0.01 43.3 (31.7–55.6) < 0.01 32.4 (22.4–44.3) < 0.01 28.6 (19.2–40.4) < 0.01 Low risk 70.7 (58.3–80.7) 69.9 (57.5–80.0) 57.0 (43.6–69.4) 52.3 (39.2–65.0) Use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n = 569) No 66.2 (55.6–75.5) 0.02 65.6 (54.9–74.9) 0.02 51.4 (41.4–61.4) < 0.01 48.9 (37.9–60.0) 0.02 Yes 42.3 (26.9–59.5) 40.8 (25.5–58.0) 15.2 (5.7–35.0) 25.4 (13.8–42.0) SVL, suppressed viral load; UVL, undetectable viral load. ART use was also positively associated with older age, higher education level, religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in NGO, participation in public events, irregular condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table 2 ). SVL was positively associated with older age, higher education level, having a religion, not being bisexual, disclosing sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in NGO, participation in public events, exchanging sex for money, having sex for money in the past 6 months, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table 2 ). UVL was positively associated with older age, higher education level, religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in an NGO, exchange of sex for money, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table 2 ). Multivariate analysis revealed that awareness of HIV serostatus was positively associated with age ≥ 25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1–2.0), completion of high school or higher (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1–2.2), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 4.3, CI95%: 1.9–9.4), not being bisexual (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.0–2.1), consistent condom use (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0–1.5), and low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0–1.5) (Table 3 ). Table 3 Multivariate model of factors associated with previous HIV diagnosis, ART, and UVL in MSM living with HIV in Brazil. Variables Previous HIV diagnosis ART Use SVL UVL CPR (CI95%) APR (CI95%) CPR (CI95%) APR (CI95%) CPR (CI95%) APR (CI95%) CPR (CI95%) APR (CI95%) Age group (n = 580) < 25 years 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ≥ 25 years 2.6 (1.5–4.4) 1.5 (1.1–2.0) 2.6 (1.5–4.5) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 2.4 (1.3–4.5) 1.2 (0.7-2.0) 2.4 (1.3–4.5) 1.5 (1.1–2.2) Educational level (n = 581) Incomplete high school 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Complete high school 2.5 (1.4–4.3) 1.5 (1.1–2.2) 2.6 (1.5–4.8) 1.7 (1.1–2,6) 3.1 (1.5–6.4) 2.0 (1.2–3.4) 3.1 (1.5–6.4) 1.6 (1.1–2.5) Religion (n = 572) No 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes 1.4 (0.9–2.1) - 1.4 (0.9–2.1) - 1.8 (1.1–2.9) - 1.8 (1.1–3.0) - Marital status (n = 575) Married/common-law marriage 1 - 1 - - - - - Single/widowed/separated 0.8 (0.6–0.9) - 0.8 (0.6–0.9) - - - - - Social class (n = 576) A/B - - - - 1 - 1 - C/D–E - - - - 0.7 (0.5–1.1) - 0.7 (0.5–1.1) - Reported being bisexual (n = 576) No 2.2 (1.3–3.8) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 2.4 (1.4–4.4) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 2.2 (1.1–4.2) - 2.3 (1.1–4.4) 1.6 (1.1–2.4) Yes 1 1 1 1 1 - 1 1 Disclosed sexual identity (n = 575) No 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes 4.4 (1.5–12.8) - 5.3 (1.5–17.9) - 5.7 (1.2–27.6) - 5.6 (1.2–27.4) - Reported previous STI (n = 585) No 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Yes 5.1 (2.2–11.6) 4.3 (1.9–9.4) 5.0 (2.2–11.3) 4.0 (1.8–8.8) 5.0 (1.9–13.2) 3.7 (1.4–9.9) 4.9 (1.9–13.1) 4.2 (1.9–9.6) Access to free supplies (lubricant/condoms) (n = 576) No 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes 3.0 (1.5–6.2) - 3.0 (1.5–6.2) - 2.4 (1.2–5.1) - 2.4 (1.2–5.2) - Participated in NGO (n = 573) No 1 - 1 - 1 1 1 - Yes 1.8 (1.4–2.3) - 1.8 (1.4–2.4) - 2.3 (1.6–3.2) 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 2.3 (1.6–3.3) - Participated in public events (n = 574) No 1 - 1 1 1 - 1 1 Yes 1.6 (1.3–1.9) - 1.6 (1.3–2.0) 1.2 (1.0–1.4) 1.6 (1.1–2.3) - 1.6 (1.1–2.3) 1.2 (1.0–1.4) Ever exchanged money/favors for sex (n = 561) No 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes 0.7 (0.5–1.0) - 0.7 (0.5–1.0) - 0.6 (0.4–0.9) - 0.6 (0.4–0.9) - Inconsistent condom use (n = 576) Yes 1 1 1 - 1 1 1 - No 1.4 (0.9–1.9) 1.2 (1.1–1.5) 1.3 (0.9–1.9) - 1.6 (1.1–2.5) 1.5 (1.1–2.1) 1.7 (1.1–2.9) - Alcohol consumption (n = 558) High risk 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 - Low risk 1.6 (1.2–2.2) 1.2 (1.1–1.5) 1.6 (1.2–2.3) 1.2 (1.1–1.5) 1.8 (1.2–2.7) 1.4 (1.1–1.9) 1.8 (1.2–2.7) - Use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n = 569) No 1 - 1 - 1 - 1 - Yes 0.6 (0.4–0.9) - 0.6 (0.4–0.9) - 0.3 (0.1–0.8) - 0.5 (0.3–0.9) - CPR, crude prevalence ratio; APR, adjusted prevalence ratio; SVL, suppressed viral load; UVL, undetectable viral load. After adjustment, use of ART remained positively associated with age ≥ 25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1–2.1), completion of high school education or higher (PR: 1.7, CI95%: 1.1–2.6), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 4.0, CI95%: 1.8–8.8), not being bisexual (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1–2.3), attending public events (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0–1.4), and a low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0–1.5) (Table 3 ). After adjustment, SVL remained associated with high school education or higher (PR: 2.0, CI95%: 1.2–3.4), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 3.7, CI95%: 1.4–9.9), participation in NGOs (PR: 1.4, CI95%: 1.1–1.9), consistent condom use (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1–2.1), and a low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.4, CI95%: 1.1–1.9) (Table 3 ). After adjustment, UVL remained associated with age ≥ 25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1–2.2), completion of high school education or higher (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1–2.5), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 3.4, CI95%: 1.4–8.2), not being bisexual (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1–2.4), and participation in public events (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0–1.4) (Table 3 ). Discussion Although the global effort to reduce the transmission of HIV has progressed in recent years [ 26 ], that progress is not well reflected in key populations, especially MSM. Our study revealed that almost half of the MSM living with HIV were unaware of their HIV status. This means that even though HIV treatment rates are high, only 44% of the total population of MSM with HIV have achieved SVL. Brazil has made significant strides toward achieving the proposed global targets, reaching 88–83–95 in 2023 [ 2 ]. These results suggest that 88% of PLHIV are aware of their HIV status, 83% of people who know their HIV status are receiving ART, and 95% of people on ART have a suppressed viral load. This partly reflects changing policies surrounding HIV. In the first decades of the epidemic, key populations at higher risk of infection were targeted, and campaigns and policies were directed specifically to these populations; for a number of reasons, efforts were made to “normalize” the epidemic and develop strategies for the general population. This also entailed severely cutting resources for key populations of HIV control institutions. While testing is always freely available at clinics, our study demonstrates how simply providing a service does not guarantee its use. Since 1967, general health testing has been mandated for young men conscripted into the Brazilian armed forces[ 27 ]. Testing for HIV began in 1992[ 28 ]. Currently, this is conducted on a sample of men eligible for the draft. Another public policy aimed at the general population encourages professionals at STI clinics to offer HIV testing to their users [ 29 ]. MSM, however, are less likely to seek treatment for reasons of fear of stigma and discrimination [ 30 ] or to avoid anticipated depressing consequences of a positive diagnosis. Although PrEP and PEP users, patients with a clinical suspicion of AIDS, and people who had contact with PLHIV or people suspected of being infected are encouraged to test [ 31 ], the results of this policy for the populations in our study are that only half the population of potential beneficiaries take advantage of the program. MSM are among the populations with the highest HIV rates in Brazil, and our study demonstrates the large number of MSM who are not being tested. Brazil faces significant challenges concerning access to HIV prevention, particularly due to stigma and cultural barriers as well as socioeconomic inequalities that hinder vulnerable people and groups from gaining access to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment [ 32 ]. The results of this study show that older MSM with higher education levels and a previous diagnosis of STIs had greater knowledge of their serologic status, were more adherent to ART, and had higher UVL, corroborating other studies conducted in Brazil and other countries [ 32 , 33 ]. Higher education levels are often associated with better living and health conditions and lower HIV infection rates in the Brazilian population [ 34 ]. Undergoing STI/HIV testing provides an opportunity to establish a link with health services and disseminate information among healthcare users [ 32 ]. The literature presents different findings regarding the association between age and awareness of serologic status among MSM. Some studies suggest that younger MSM tend to have better awareness of their HIV status [ 32 , 33 , 35 ]; in other studies, age does not significantly correlate with knowledge of HIV-positive status, with lower awareness observed at both ends of the spectrum [ 36 , 37 ]. High-risk alcohol consumption was another important factor associated with negative outcomes at different stages of the HIV care cascade in our study. Alternatives for controlling problematic alcohol consumption, such as behavioral and pharmacological interventions [ 38 ], should be considered with a view to expanding positive results in HIV testing and treatment. In addition, Brazil has significantly reduced its public policies for HIV prevention and control in general, especially those targeting younger LGBTQIAPN + populations. This setback has notably impacted MSM [ 39 ], probably contributing to the significantly increased HIV prevalence between 2009 and 2016 in this population, from 12% [ 18 ] to 17% [ 40 ]. The widespread dissemination of information on transmission routes is crucial for promoting safer behaviors, particularly among key populations [ 41 ]. PrEP, PEP, and HIV self-testing complement existing strategies to support decision making in cases of potential risk exposure [ 42 ]. Some cities, such as London, Amsterdam, and Sydney, have already achieved global targets in response to AIDS by reducing stigma and discrimination, testing, and increasing access to PrEP [ 4 , 5 ]. Given the success of Brazil’s early model AIDS program, which was specifically targeted at MSM and other key populations, our findings suggest that the movement to normalize HIV and AIDS has not had the expected consequences, at least for prevalence and new infections. Our findings underscore the consequences of inadequate investment in the MSM community and in targeted programs to address the epidemic among MSM and other key populations. In the past, meaningful support for MSM facing and MSM community organizations was provided, actively encouraging community members to help develop and deliver solutions. Current efforts seem limited to printing and distributing educational materials, which limits opportunities for other persuasive communication methods [ 43 ]. It is vital to increase investments in HIV control programs, including NGO support. In this study, MSM who participated in NGO activities had a 40% higher prevalence of SVL. One study showed that the HIV incidence would be 50% higher in a scenario without NGOs promoting prevention [ 44 ]. Some limitations of this study include the sample size and weights used to adjust estimates, as previously described [ 39 ]. Recent modifications to RDS Analyst use a new method, such as visibility imputation, to calculate survey participation probabilities [ 45 ]. However, we opted to use our prior analysis strategy for imputation, as the differences are small and the methods and results would differ from those previously published by our group. Furthermore, since 2016, when the study was conducted, many advents, including COVID-19, have affected access to and use of health services (e.g., vaccines and others). HIV care was also certainly affected. Conclusions The response against the HIV epidemic has several dimensions, including increasing access to testing and education about the infection, reducing the viral load in PLHIV, and implementing treatment as prevention to curb transmission if the infection is not prevented at an earlier stage. This study revealed that Brazil, the first country to provide universal ART [ 13 ], has effectively supported MSM living with HIV through the public health system. This support includes connecting them to free health services, providing ART, and assisting in achieving SVL/UVL. However, Brazil still faces challenges in HIV diagnosis, which remains a significant barrier to achieving SVL/UVL. Although most patients who knew their serologic status completed all stages of the care cascade, adhering to treatment and achieving SVL/UVL, these achievements were below the recommended levels of target population coverage. Brazil’s current approach is insufficient in safeguarding this key population from HIV infection and adequately preventing and diagnosing those who are already infected. Consequently, this contributes to challenges in maintaining MSM in the care cascade. Declarations Ethical approval and consent to participate The study protocol was approved in 2015 by the Committee on Research Ethics of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), accredited by the Brazil National Commission on Research (#1.024.053-23/06/2015), and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. All the participants signed separate ICFs for the questionnaire and each test. The study team was responsible for referring participants with positive tests to specialized health services. All the participants signed separate ICFs for the questionnaire and each test. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Funding Brazilian Ministry of Health, through the Secretariat for Health Surveillance and the Department of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (Projeto # 914BRZ1138, BRAZIL, AIDS-SUS). Authors’ contributions LK, ML and CK conceived the paper, developed the analysis plan, carried out the analysis and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. 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Motta-Castro","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ana","middleName":"Rita C.","lastName":"Motta-Castro","suffix":""},{"id":487915534,"identity":"9647b588-d5fd-43f5-ac10-ccaa65494deb","order_by":4,"name":"Regina Moreira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Adolfo Lutz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Regina","middleName":"","lastName":"Moreira","suffix":""},{"id":487915536,"identity":"e6f6a39a-e92f-4425-bcda-ef5ded2af34c","order_by":5,"name":"Luis Fernando de Macedo Brígido","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Adolfo Lutz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luis","middleName":"Fernando de Macedo","lastName":"Brígido","suffix":""},{"id":487915538,"identity":"85cc18f0-2c71-4207-92e0-c909006531ed","order_by":6,"name":"Andréa F. Leal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Andréa","middleName":"F.","lastName":"Leal","suffix":""},{"id":487915540,"identity":"af72641c-ab2c-42ed-a084-fb22214709dc","order_by":7,"name":"Daniela Knauth","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniela","middleName":"","lastName":"Knauth","suffix":""},{"id":487915542,"identity":"cdf19658-e5e1-4faf-91dd-46f59b84ce77","order_by":8,"name":"Maria Amélia Veras","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Maria","middleName":"Amélia","lastName":"Veras","suffix":""},{"id":487915545,"identity":"c144faac-f6e0-43b3-a54d-ba0e49d54918","order_by":9,"name":"Ana Maria de Brito","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ana","middleName":"Maria","lastName":"de Brito","suffix":""},{"id":487915547,"identity":"e5c71dea-e3a8-40f0-8d1a-aeff964d9386","order_by":10,"name":"Edgar Merchán-Hermann","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade de Brasília","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Edgar","middleName":"","lastName":"Merchán-Hermann","suffix":""},{"id":487915548,"identity":"23f5b3dd-2356-49e3-ac9c-7d5a96767bb7","order_by":11,"name":"Ximena Pamela Díaz Bermudez","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade de Brasília","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ximena","middleName":"Pamela Díaz","lastName":"Bermudez","suffix":""},{"id":487915550,"identity":"f51478c8-46f5-449f-9869-3a3ecef0bcb3","order_by":12,"name":"Alexandre Kerr Pontes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Alexandre","middleName":"Kerr","lastName":"Pontes","suffix":""},{"id":487915552,"identity":"0c85f22d-5132-49a6-b369-137cab05ecf2","order_by":13,"name":"Raimunda H. M. Macena","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal do Ceará","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Raimunda","middleName":"H. M.","lastName":"Macena","suffix":""},{"id":487915554,"identity":"8c31709a-d150-4f3e-8c7d-684cc158ab4f","order_by":14,"name":"Luana N. C. Lima","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Instituto Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Luana","middleName":"N. C.","lastName":"Lima","suffix":""},{"id":487915556,"identity":"c954a699-7c5b-4109-9110-b7f2388383d4","order_by":15,"name":"Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mark","middleName":"Drew Crosland","lastName":"Guimarães","suffix":""},{"id":487915558,"identity":"4a6b1ddf-f505-4e62-8111-449f0446ba50","order_by":16,"name":"Inês Dourado","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade Federal of Bahia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Inês","middleName":"","lastName":"Dourado","suffix":""},{"id":487915560,"identity":"e3c38e19-2c78-4b5a-9f16-806937912f08","order_by":17,"name":"Lisângela Cristina Oliveira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Centro Universitário Autônomo do Brasil","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lisângela","middleName":"Cristina","lastName":"Oliveira","suffix":""},{"id":487915563,"identity":"a60dba30-f631-4d1f-85b6-18881901c26d","order_by":18,"name":"Laio Magno","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Universidade do Estado da Bahia","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Laio","middleName":"","lastName":"Magno","suffix":""},{"id":487915566,"identity":"24e05499-b9d0-4b13-9703-5a868be6ce75","order_by":19,"name":"Igor Generoso","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Igor","middleName":"","lastName":"Generoso","suffix":""},{"id":487915569,"identity":"bbe179b6-40ed-48f3-814e-4ca8e34a97f6","order_by":20,"name":"Claudia Renata dos S. Barros","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Claudia","middleName":"Renata dos S.","lastName":"Barros","suffix":""},{"id":487915574,"identity":"f7cf854b-e713-4322-bebf-420dd2d56b8e","order_by":21,"name":"Carl Kendall","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA80lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYHACxgMMB4DUAebGAx+ANBs7EXqgWhgbDs4AaWEmRcthHhCXkBb+9rMPDjCcscnjO36w4bDNr23yfMwMjB8+5uDWInEm3eAAw420YskziQ2Hc/tuG7YxMzBLztyGW4sBQxrQWR8OJ244ANLSc5sRqIWNmRefFv5nIC3/Ezecf9hw2LLntj1hLRIgW24cSNxwA2gLw4/biQS1SNwA2pJwJjlx5o2HDQd7G24ntzEzNuP1C39/GuODD8fsEvvOJx988OPPbdv57c0HP3zEowUMEmAMxjYw2UBAPQr4Q4riUTAKRsEoGCkAAHQLYBqlI47SAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Tulane University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Carl","middleName":"","lastName":"Kendall","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-06-23 15:23:24","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27909-7","type":"published","date":"2026-01-24T15:58:16+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":87329611,"identity":"973bc3a4-b423-405b-95f3-c6f70a4bee7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-22 18:37:47","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":107400,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHIV test‒and‒treat cascade for MSM. Brazil, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1A. Percentage of MSM at each stage of the cascade in relation to the total number of PLHIV identified in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1B. ART use is related to MSM who were HIV positive before the study; suppressed viral load (SVL) and undetectable viral load (UVL) are related to ART use.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Picture1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6958222/v1/da93558d67e4f75383274122.jpg"},{"id":101151836,"identity":"d93b011c-8f2f-467b-acec-8205a0e04bb1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-26 16:06:35","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2286975,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6958222/v1/5f809859-b3d8-4ee9-8869-140df6e10d2a.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"HIV treatment cascade and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Brazil: A cross-sectional study","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eHIV remains a complex public health problem worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2022, approximately 40\u0026nbsp;million individuals worldwide were identified as people living with HIV (PLHIV) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. In Latin America, 120,000 people were newly infected with HIV in 2019, a 21% increase since 2010 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Conversely, high-income countries have recently reported the elimination of HIV [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. This success has been attributed to their concerted efforts in developing effective prevention tools, including early diagnosis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEarly diagnosis of HIV infection facilitates the timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). This approach significantly decreases the circulating virus concentration, resulting in viral suppression and reduced transmission [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2021, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS, the World Health Organization (WHO), and several signatory countries reviewed previously established objectives and proposed 95-95-95 targets [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. These targets stipulate that 95% of HIV-infected individuals will be diagnosed, 95% of those diagnosed will receive ART, and 95% of those receiving ART will achieve a suppressed viral load (SVL) by 2030 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. The HIV test-and-treat cascade [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e] enables the monitoring of these targets. It is a strategy for following up with PLHIV in health services, encompassing five stages: diagnosis of HIV infection, linkage to care, retention in care, use of ART, and viral suppression [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR9\" citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThese targets present challenges, especially among key populations disproportionately affected by the HIV epidemic, such as men who have sex with men (MSM). These challenges are exacerbated in Latin America, where significant inequalities create social and structural barriers that affect the effectiveness of health services [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. These countries reported 110,000 individuals newly diagnosed with HIV in 2022, accounting for 10% of all new HIV infections worldwide [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e], and an HIV prevalence of 9.5% in MSM in 2018\u0026ndash;2022, which is nearly 20-fold higher than that in adults in the general population aged 15\u0026ndash;49 years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. In Brazil, the HIV infection rate increased by 17.2% from 2020\u0026ndash;2022 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. Furthermore, new HIV infections have been detected principally among MSM (52.6%) over the last two decades [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe ongoing violation of the social rights of MSM, partly due to stigma and discrimination [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e], hinders access to HIV testing and treatment. Additional barriers include lack of trust in partners, fear of breach of confidentiality, and lack of information [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThus, this study aimed to analyze the HIV test‒and‒treat cascade in the Brazilian MSM population in 12 state capitals and to identify the factors associated with the stages of this cascade.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStudy site and type\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA survey among MSM from 12 capitals in the five administrative regions of Brazil was conducted from June to December 2016. The surveyed cities were Manaus and Bel\u0026eacute;m (northern region); Fortaleza, Recife, and Salvador (northeast); Bras\u0026iacute;lia and Campo Grande (central-western); Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, and S\u0026atilde;o Paulo (southeast); and Curitiba and Porto Alegre (south). The study was conducted in public health system clinics, except in Belo Horizonte and Salvador, where rented rooms were used. Each location included reception and waiting areas, interview spaces, and private rooms for testing and counseling.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eStudy population and sample size\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sample comprised MSM aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;18 years who reported engaging in oral or anal sex with another man in the past 12 months and who lived, studied, or worked in the selected capital. The participants signed separate informed consent forms (ICFs) for the questionnaire and biological tests, with the option of decreasing participation in the tests. Individuals under the influence of drugs or alcohol or who were identified as transwomen were excluded.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe sample size calculation for RDS is the same as that for other studies, and a design effect (DE) is recommended. DE refers to the ratio between the actual and expected variances in comparison to simple random sampling. On the basis of recommendations from Wejnert et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e] and using the HIV prevalence rates estimated in a previous study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], we calculated sample sizes for the 12 cities ranging from 204\u0026ndash;474. Ultimately, the donors determined a maximum sample size of 350 per city. Most of the sites achieved convergence on important outcome variables between the fifth and sixth waves before reaching 350 participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eFormative research\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormative research (FR) was conducted before data collection, as recommended by Johnston et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e], following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines for studies using the RDS method. Individual interviews and focus groups (FGs) were used. The interviews covered topics such as sexual identity, the social and geographical organization of MSM, and perceived acceptance by the community. Questions pertaining to study coordination, including details about the study location and operating hours; inquiries about social network size and willingness to participate and test; and the potential to act as seeds, were explored until saturation was achieved on each topic. A total of 184 MSM participated in the FR, of whom 58 participated in individual interviews; 17 FGs were conducted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData collection\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFive to six participants were identified as seeds in each study location. Each seed received three nonreproducible coupons to invite three acquaintances. All eligible participants who completed the survey, including the seeds, received USD 10. The participants received an additional 10 USD for every recruit who completed the survey.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e After providing consent, the interviewer administered a questionnaire to assess the size of the participant\u0026rsquo;s social network through a computer-assisted self-interview. Before the interview, the participant was offered a tablet if they preferred to answer the questionnaire independently. The questionnaire was divided into several sections to assess various domains: 1) identification and eligibility; 2) socioeconomic and demographic information; 3) access to general and HIV-specific health services; 4) history of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B and C testing; 5) knowledge about HIV and AIDS, preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP), postexposure prophylaxis (PEP), and treatment; 6) gay and homosexual visibility; 7) sexual behavior; 8) drug and alcohol use; and 9) social inclusion and participation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The participants\u0026rsquo; social network was investigated via a four-question cascade: \u0026ldquo;How many men have you met or talked to in the last 2 months whom you know by name and who know you by name; who had sex with other men (oral or anal) in the last 12 months; who live, study, and work in [city]; and who are 18 years old or over? How many of them would you invite to participate in this study?\u0026rdquo; After completing the questionnaire, the respondent was referred for blood tests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe participants initially underwent the RT1 Anti-HIV rapid test (Alere, Bioeasy). If the result was positive, RT2 HIV testing was performed (Abon). Participants with two positive test results were considered HIV positive. HIV-positive participants were counseled and immediately sent to a referral center or health unit. Following the rapid tests, the blood samples were centrifuged and stored at \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;20\u0026deg;C. The samples were sent to the national reference laboratory (Instituto Adolfo Lutz, S\u0026atilde;o Paulo) for confirmation. The transportation of samples was performed according to standards set by the Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency. Plasma sample HIV RNA was quantified via the Abbott real-time HIV-1 assay (M2000), following the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions, in an accredited laboratory of the National HIV Viral Load Network (IAL, Centro de Virologia, S\u0026atilde;o Paulo). Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‒PCR) was employed to generate RNA genome amplicons. The amplification cycle used to detect the fluorescent signal was proportional to the logarithm of the HIV concentration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The Gile sequential sampling (SS) estimator was used to calculate the RDS required weights for every participant in each city (RDS Analyst 1.7\u0026ndash;16). This estimator assumes a finite population and requires a population size estimation for each sample. The estimation we used was based on the proportion of men who self-reported having at least one same-sex relationship in the 2013 National Research of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in the Brazilian population (aged 18\u0026ndash;64 years) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, we applied those regional estimates to the total male population aged 18\u0026ndash;64 years in each city within that region on the basis of data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. The seeds were included in the sample for analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e After applying participant weights, the data from the 12 cities were merged and analyzed via Stata 17.0\u0026trade; software. Each city was treated as a stratum. A univariate analysis was initially conducted to explore the study variables. Social class was defined according to standard socioeconomic strata (A\u0026ndash;E) developed by the Brazilian Association of Research Organizations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Alcohol use was assessed via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e], a 10-item questionnaire recommended by the WHO. AUDIT scores range from 0\u0026ndash;40 points, with a score of \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;7 indicating low or no risk and a score of \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;8 indicating moderate to high-risk consumption. Consistent condom use was defined as the use of condoms in all insertive and receptive sexual acts, with any partner, in the past 6 months. Access to supplies was defined as receiving free lubricant and condoms.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe HIV treatment cascade was analyzed as follows: 1) the percentage of participants at each stage was based on the total number of people with HIV identified during the study (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eA), and 2) the percentage of participants at each stage was based on the total number of people in the previous stage (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eB). The cascade included four stages: previous HIV diagnosis, use of ART, suppressed viral load (SVL), and undetectable viral load (UVL).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA previous HIV diagnosis was defined as a report of a positive result of HIV testing prior to the study. Moreover, ART use was defined as self-reported use of ART. Only those who reported current treatment were analyzed for viral load. These tests were performed in 2024 using biological samples collected in 2016, which had been properly stored.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFollowing recent WHO [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] and current Brazilian Ministry of Health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e] recommendations, SVL was defined as \u0026le;\u0026thinsp;1,000 copies/ml, whereas UVL was defined as \u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;200 copies/ml.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBivariate analyses of the outcomes, such as a previous HIV diagnosis, ART use, SVL and UVL, were conducted via the chi-square test and prevalence ratio (PR). Variables associated with outcomes at a significance level of 20% were initially included in the multivariate model. Only the variables that maintained a significance level of 5% were retained in the final logistic model.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEthical considerations\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The study protocol was approved in 2015 by the Committee on Research Ethics of the Federal University of Cear\u0026aacute; (UFC), accredited by the Brazil National Commission on Research (#1.024.053-23/06/2015), and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eA total of 4,176 MSM were included in the study. Of these, 585 (18.3%, CI95%: 15.4\u0026ndash;21.7) were HIV positive. Most MSM diagnosed with HIV were aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years (69.1%, CI95%: 59.6\u0026ndash;77.3), reported previous STIs (69.8%, CI95%: 60.7\u0026ndash;77.5), and reported inconsistent condom use (50.5%, CI95%: 40.9\u0026ndash;60.0) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSociodemographic and health characteristics of MSM living with HIV in Brazil, 2016.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003en\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCI95%*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;580)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e198\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.7\u0026ndash;40.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e382\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.6\u0026ndash;77.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;581)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncomplete high school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.6\u0026ndash;29.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplete high school/higher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e449\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.2\u0026ndash;84.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;572)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e199\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.7\u0026ndash;47.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e373\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.8\u0026ndash;72.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried/common-law marriage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7\u0026ndash;25.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle/widowed/separated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e480\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e74.5\u0026ndash;90.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocioeconomic class (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA/B\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e226\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.7\u0026ndash;48.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eC/D\u0026ndash;E\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e350\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.9\u0026ndash;71.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported being bisexual (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e77.1\u0026ndash;88.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.8\u0026ndash;22.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisclosed sexual identity (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.8\u0026ndash;11.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e548\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e93.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.4\u0026ndash;96.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnows how HIV is transmitted (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e217\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.2\u0026ndash;52.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e359\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.7\u0026ndash;66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported previous STI (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;585)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.5\u0026ndash;39.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e353\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.7\u0026ndash;77.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAccess to free supplies (lubricant and condoms) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e102\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.7\u0026ndash;21.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e474\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.8\u0026ndash;90.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in NGO (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;573)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e408\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.3\u0026ndash;76.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.5\u0026ndash;41.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in public events (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;574)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e441\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e83.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.0\u0026ndash;88.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.7\u0026ndash;24.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEver exchanged money/favors for sex (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;561)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e329\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.1\u0026ndash;75.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.6\u0026ndash;40.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInconsistent condom use (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e269\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.9\u0026ndash;59.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e307\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.9\u0026ndash;60.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol consumption (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;558)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e250\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.7\u0026ndash;41.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.1\u0026ndash;74.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;569)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e437\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.7\u0026ndash;86.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e132\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.5\u0026ndash;26.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e*Weighted values.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmong the MSM living with HIV, 55.5% (95% CI: 46.2\u0026ndash;64.4) were aware of their serologic status, 54.7% (95% CI: 45.5\u0026ndash;63.7) received ART, 43.8% (95% CI: 43.9\u0026ndash;53.2) had SVL, and 43.5% (95% CI: 34.6\u0026ndash;52.8) had UVL (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eA). With respect to continuous HIV care, 98.4% (95% CI: 96.3\u0026ndash;99.3) of the participants living with HIV who were aware of their HIV status received ART. Among those treated with ART, 80.0% (95% CI: 64.8\u0026ndash;89.7) had a suppressed viral load, whereas 79.4% (95% CI: 64.4\u0026ndash;89.2) had an undetectable viral load (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003eB).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1A. Percentage of MSM at each stage of the cascade in relation to the total number of PLHIV identified in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e1B. ART use is related to MSM who were HIV positive before the study; suppressed viral load (SVL) and undetectable viral load (UVL) are related to ART use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis revealed positive associations between a previous diagnosis of HIV infection and parameters such as older age, higher education level, having a religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in an NGO, participation in public events, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFactors associated with a previous HIV diagnosis, ART use, SVL and UVL in MSM living with HIV in Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious HIV diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eART use\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSVL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUVL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% (CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% (CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% (CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% (CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;580)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.5 (15.2\u0026ndash;42.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.1 (14.8\u0026ndash;41.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.2 (12.1\u0026ndash;37.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.9 (11.8\u0026ndash;37.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.8 (57.5\u0026ndash;78.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.9 (56.7\u0026ndash;77.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.8 (42.0-65.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.4 (41.7\u0026ndash;64.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;581)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncomplete high school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.8 (14.6\u0026ndash;41.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.9 (13.0\u0026ndash;39.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.5 (8.0-30.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.4 (7.9\u0026ndash;30.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplete high school/higher\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.6 (52.0\u0026ndash;73.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.1 (51.6\u0026ndash;73.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.0 (39.6\u0026ndash;62.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.6 (39.2\u0026ndash;62.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;572)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.1 (31.4\u0026ndash;65.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.3 (30.6\u0026ndash;64.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.0 (19.4\u0026ndash;47.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.6 (19.1\u0026ndash;47.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.0 (58.6\u0026ndash;76.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.2 (57.8\u0026ndash;75.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.1 (46.4\u0026ndash;67.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.8 (46.1\u0026ndash;66.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried/common-law marriage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.7 (59.3\u0026ndash;88.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.4 (58.8\u0026ndash;88.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.6 (21.3\u0026ndash;68.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.3 (21.1\u0026ndash;68.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle/widowed/separated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.4 (48.5\u0026ndash;67.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.5 (47.6\u0026ndash;66.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.3 (39.4\u0026ndash;59.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.0 (39.0\u0026ndash;56.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocioeconomic class (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA/B\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.3 (43.3\u0026ndash;76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.3 (43.3\u0026ndash;76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.6 (41.0-74.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.2 (40.7\u0026ndash;73.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eC/D\u0026ndash;E\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.0 (51.0\u0026ndash;70.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.7 (49.6\u0026ndash;69.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.0 (31.4\u0026ndash;53.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.6 (31.1\u0026ndash;53.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported being bisexual (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.3 (56.7\u0026ndash;76.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.0 (56.3\u0026ndash;76.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e53.0 (41.9\u0026ndash;63.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.1 (37.3\u0026ndash;59.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.4 (17.5\u0026ndash;47.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.3 (15.0\u0026ndash;44.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24.5 (12.5\u0026ndash;42.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.4 (10.7\u0026ndash;41.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisclosed sexual identity (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.8 (4.8\u0026ndash;37.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.1 (3.4\u0026ndash;35.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.0 (1.7\u0026ndash;35.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.3 (1.4\u0026ndash;36.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.6 (55.0\u0026ndash;73.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.9 (54.4\u0026ndash;72.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.2 (41.2\u0026ndash;61.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.5 (36.7\u0026ndash;56.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eKnows how HIV is transmitted (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.4 (41.5\u0026ndash;68.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.4 (41.5\u0026ndash;68.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.1 (35.0-63.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.8 (30.6\u0026ndash;59.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.4 (52.5\u0026ndash;76.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.0 (51.2\u0026ndash;75.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.7 (35.5\u0026ndash;60.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.1 (31.6\u0026ndash;55.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported previous STI (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;585)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.4 (6.2\u0026ndash;30.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.5 (6.2\u0026ndash;30.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.6 (4.3\u0026ndash;27.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.8 (3.7\u0026ndash;27.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73.3 (61.2\u0026ndash;82.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.2 (60.2\u0026ndash;81.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.8 (45.4\u0026ndash;57.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.4 (40.5\u0026ndash;64.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAccess to free supplies (lubricant/condoms) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.3 (10.6\u0026ndash;41.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.0 (10.4\u0026ndash;40.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.7 (10.2\u0026ndash;40.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.0 (6.8\u0026ndash;36.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.8 (57.7\u0026ndash;76.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.9 (56.8\u0026ndash;75.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.8 (42.1\u0026ndash;63.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.4 (38.0\u0026ndash;59.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in NGO (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;573)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.7 (37.5\u0026ndash;60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.8 (36.7\u0026ndash;59.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34.6 (24.9\u0026ndash;45.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30.8 (21.5\u0026ndash;42.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.4 (77.4\u0026ndash;99.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e87.8 (76.7\u0026ndash;94.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.0 (62.1\u0026ndash;88.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.2 (56.0\u0026ndash;84.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in public events (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;574)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55.7 (45.2\u0026ndash;65.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.6 (44.1\u0026ndash;64.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.0 (33.6\u0026ndash;54.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.2 (30.9\u0026ndash;52.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e88.5 (80.9\u0026ndash;93.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.0 (81.4\u0026ndash;93.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.8 (49.4\u0026ndash;84.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.4 (38.6\u0026ndash;74.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEver exchanged money/favors for sex (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;561)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.6 (54.3\u0026ndash;77.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.1 (53.9\u0026ndash;76.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.0 (43.1\u0026ndash;68.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.9 (39.3\u0026ndash;64.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.0 (36.9\u0026ndash;63.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.3 (35.4\u0026ndash;61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.1 (21.4\u0026ndash;45.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.7 (17.0\u0026ndash;39.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInconsistent condom use (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.8 (60.5\u0026ndash;79.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.0 (58.7\u0026ndash;77.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.1 (48.8\u0026ndash;70.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.4 (47.0\u0026ndash;68.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.7 (37.0\u0026ndash;66.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.8 (37.1\u0026ndash;66.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.6 (23.8\u0026ndash;51.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29.6 (17.7\u0026ndash;45.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol consumption (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;558)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.1 (32.4\u0026ndash;56.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.3 (31.7\u0026ndash;55.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32.4 (22.4\u0026ndash;44.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28.6 (19.2\u0026ndash;40.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70.7 (58.3\u0026ndash;80.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69.9 (57.5\u0026ndash;80.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.0 (43.6\u0026ndash;69.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.3 (39.2\u0026ndash;65.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;569)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66.2 (55.6\u0026ndash;75.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.6 (54.9\u0026ndash;74.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.4 (41.4\u0026ndash;61.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.01\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.9 (37.9\u0026ndash;60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.3 (26.9\u0026ndash;59.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40.8 (25.5\u0026ndash;58.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.2 (5.7\u0026ndash;35.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25.4 (13.8\u0026ndash;42.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSVL, suppressed viral load; UVL, undetectable viral load.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eART use was also positively associated with older age, higher education level, religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in NGO, participation in public events, irregular condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). SVL was positively associated with older age, higher education level, having a religion, not being bisexual, disclosing sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in NGO, participation in public events, exchanging sex for money, having sex for money in the past 6 months, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). UVL was positively associated with older age, higher education level, religion, not being bisexual, disclosed sexual identity, a previous diagnosis of STI, access to supplies, participation in an NGO, exchange of sex for money, inconsistent condom use, low-risk alcohol consumption, and no use of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate analysis revealed that awareness of HIV serostatus was positively associated with age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.0), completion of high school or higher (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.2), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 4.3, CI95%: 1.9\u0026ndash;9.4), not being bisexual (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;2.1), consistent condom use (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;1.5), and low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;1.5) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMultivariate model of factors associated with previous HIV diagnosis, ART, and UVL in MSM living with HIV in Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrevious HIV diagnosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eART Use\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSVL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUVL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAPR\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(CI95%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge group (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;580)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;4.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.3\u0026ndash;4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.7-2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.3\u0026ndash;4.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;581)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncomplete high school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComplete high school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.4\u0026ndash;4.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;4.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2,6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;6.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;3.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;6.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReligion (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;572)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.9\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.9\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;3.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried/common-law marriage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle/widowed/separated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.6\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.6\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial class (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA/B\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eC/D\u0026ndash;E\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.5\u0026ndash;1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.5\u0026ndash;1.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported being bisexual (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.3\u0026ndash;3.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.4\u0026ndash;4.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;4.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDisclosed sexual identity (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;575)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;12.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;17.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;27.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;27.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReported previous STI (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;585)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(2.2\u0026ndash;11.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.9\u0026ndash;9.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(2.2\u0026ndash;11.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.8\u0026ndash;8.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.9\u0026ndash;13.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.4\u0026ndash;9.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.9\u0026ndash;13.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.9\u0026ndash;9.6)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAccess to free supplies (lubricant/condoms) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;6.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.5\u0026ndash;6.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;5.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;5.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in NGO (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;573)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.4\u0026ndash;2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.4\u0026ndash;2.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.6\u0026ndash;3.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.6\u0026ndash;3.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipated in public events (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;574)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.3\u0026ndash;1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.3\u0026ndash;2.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.0\u0026ndash;1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.0\u0026ndash;1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEver exchanged money/favors for sex (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;561)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.5\u0026ndash;1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.5\u0026ndash;1.0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.4\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.4\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eInconsistent condom use (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;576)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.9\u0026ndash;1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.9\u0026ndash;1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.1)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;2.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol consumption (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;558)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLow risk\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;2.2)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;2.3)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;2.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.1\u0026ndash;1.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(1.2\u0026ndash;2.7)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUse of illicit drugs at least once a week (except marijuana) (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;569)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.4\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.4\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.1\u0026ndash;0.8)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e(0.3\u0026ndash;0.9)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCPR, crude prevalence ratio; APR, adjusted prevalence ratio; SVL, suppressed viral load; UVL, undetectable viral load.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter adjustment, use of ART remained positively associated with age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.1), completion of high school education or higher (PR: 1.7, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.6), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 4.0, CI95%: 1.8\u0026ndash;8.8), not being bisexual (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.3), attending public events (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;1.4), and a low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;1.5) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter adjustment, SVL remained associated with high school education or higher (PR: 2.0, CI95%: 1.2\u0026ndash;3.4), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 3.7, CI95%: 1.4\u0026ndash;9.9), participation in NGOs (PR: 1.4, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;1.9), consistent condom use (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.1), and a low risk of alcohol consumption (PR: 1.4, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;1.9) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter adjustment, UVL remained associated with age\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;25 years (PR: 1.5, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.2), completion of high school education or higher (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.5), a previous diagnosis of STI (PR: 3.4, CI95%: 1.4\u0026ndash;8.2), not being bisexual (PR: 1.6, CI95%: 1.1\u0026ndash;2.4), and participation in public events (PR: 1.2, CI95%: 1.0\u0026ndash;1.4) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eAlthough the global effort to reduce the transmission of HIV has progressed in recent years [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e], that progress is not well reflected in key populations, especially MSM. Our study revealed that almost half of the MSM living with HIV were unaware of their HIV status. This means that even though HIV treatment rates are high, only 44% of the total population of MSM with HIV have achieved SVL.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrazil has made significant strides toward achieving the proposed global targets, reaching 88\u0026ndash;83\u0026ndash;95 in 2023 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. These results suggest that 88% of PLHIV are aware of their HIV status, 83% of people who know their HIV status are receiving ART, and 95% of people on ART have a suppressed viral load.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis partly reflects changing policies surrounding HIV. In the first decades of the epidemic, key populations at higher risk of infection were targeted, and campaigns and policies were directed specifically to these populations; for a number of reasons, efforts were made to \u0026ldquo;normalize\u0026rdquo; the epidemic and develop strategies for the general population. This also entailed severely cutting resources for key populations of HIV control institutions. While testing is always freely available at clinics, our study demonstrates how simply providing a service does not guarantee its use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSince 1967, general health testing has been mandated for young men conscripted into the Brazilian armed forces[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Testing for HIV began in 1992[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e]. Currently, this is conducted on a sample of men eligible for the draft. Another public policy aimed at the general population encourages professionals at STI clinics to offer HIV testing to their users [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. MSM, however, are less likely to seek treatment for reasons of fear of stigma and discrimination [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] or to avoid anticipated depressing consequences of a positive diagnosis. Although PrEP and PEP users, patients with a clinical suspicion of AIDS, and people who had contact with PLHIV or people suspected of being infected are encouraged to test [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e], the results of this policy for the populations in our study are that only half the population of potential beneficiaries take advantage of the program. MSM are among the populations with the highest HIV rates in Brazil, and our study demonstrates the large number of MSM who are not being tested.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBrazil faces significant challenges concerning access to HIV prevention, particularly due to stigma and cultural barriers as well as socioeconomic inequalities that hinder vulnerable people and groups from gaining access to HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. The results of this study show that older MSM with higher education levels and a previous diagnosis of STIs had greater knowledge of their serologic status, were more adherent to ART, and had higher UVL, corroborating other studies conducted in Brazil and other countries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Higher education levels are often associated with better living and health conditions and lower HIV infection rates in the Brazilian population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e34\u003c/span\u003e]. Undergoing STI/HIV testing provides an opportunity to establish a link with health services and disseminate information among healthcare users [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe literature presents different findings regarding the association between age and awareness of serologic status among MSM. Some studies suggest that younger MSM tend to have better awareness of their HIV status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e]; in other studies, age does not significantly correlate with knowledge of HIV-positive status, with lower awareness observed at both ends of the spectrum [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e36\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh-risk alcohol consumption was another important factor associated with negative outcomes at different stages of the HIV care cascade in our study. Alternatives for controlling problematic alcohol consumption, such as behavioral and pharmacological interventions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e], should be considered with a view to expanding positive results in HIV testing and treatment.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn addition, Brazil has significantly reduced its public policies for HIV prevention and control in general, especially those targeting younger LGBTQIAPN\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;populations. This setback has notably impacted MSM [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e], probably contributing to the significantly increased HIV prevalence between 2009 and 2016 in this population, from 12% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e] to 17% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e40\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe widespread dissemination of information on transmission routes is crucial for promoting safer behaviors, particularly among key populations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e41\u003c/span\u003e]. PrEP, PEP, and HIV self-testing complement existing strategies to support decision making in cases of potential risk exposure [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e]. Some cities, such as London, Amsterdam, and Sydney, have already achieved global targets in response to AIDS by reducing stigma and discrimination, testing, and increasing access to PrEP [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eGiven the success of Brazil\u0026rsquo;s early model AIDS program, which was specifically targeted at MSM and other key populations, our findings suggest that the movement to normalize HIV and AIDS has not had the expected consequences, at least for prevalence and new infections. Our findings underscore the consequences of inadequate investment in the MSM community and in targeted programs to address the epidemic among MSM and other key populations. In the past, meaningful support for MSM facing and MSM community organizations was provided, actively encouraging community members to help develop and deliver solutions. Current efforts seem limited to printing and distributing educational materials, which limits opportunities for other persuasive communication methods [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e]. It is vital to increase investments in HIV control programs, including NGO support. In this study, MSM who participated in NGO activities had a 40% higher prevalence of SVL. One study showed that the HIV incidence would be 50% higher in a scenario without NGOs promoting prevention [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSome limitations of this study include the sample size and weights used to adjust estimates, as previously described [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. Recent modifications to RDS Analyst use a new method, such as visibility imputation, to calculate survey participation probabilities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e]. However, we opted to use our prior analysis strategy for imputation, as the differences are small and the methods and results would differ from those previously published by our group. Furthermore, since 2016, when the study was conducted, many advents, including COVID-19, have affected access to and use of health services (e.g., vaccines and others). HIV care was also certainly affected.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe response against the HIV epidemic has several dimensions, including increasing access to testing and education about the infection, reducing the viral load in PLHIV, and implementing treatment as prevention to curb transmission if the infection is not prevented at an earlier stage. This study revealed that Brazil, the first country to provide universal ART [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e], has effectively supported MSM living with HIV through the public health system. This support includes connecting them to free health services, providing ART, and assisting in achieving SVL/UVL. However, Brazil still faces challenges in HIV diagnosis, which remains a significant barrier to achieving SVL/UVL. Although most patients who knew their serologic status completed all stages of the care cascade, adhering to treatment and achieving SVL/UVL, these achievements were below the recommended levels of target population coverage. Brazil\u0026rsquo;s current approach is insufficient in safeguarding this key population from HIV infection and adequately preventing and diagnosing those who are already infected. Consequently, this contributes to challenges in maintaining MSM in the care cascade.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthical\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eapproval\u0026nbsp;and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study protocol was approved in 2015 by the Committee on Research Ethics of the Federal University of Ceará (UFC), accredited by the Brazil National Commission on Research (#1.024.053-23/06/2015), and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the Declaration of Helsinki. All the participants signed separate ICFs for the questionnaire and each test. The study team was responsible for referring participants with positive tests to specialized health services. All the participants signed separate ICFs for the questionnaire and each test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBrazilian Ministry of Health, through the Secretariat for Health Surveillance and the Department of Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections, HIV/AIDS and Viral Hepatitis (Projeto # 914BRZ1138, BRAZIL, AIDS-SUS).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors’ contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLK, ML and CK conceived the paper, developed the analysis plan, carried out the analysis and wrote the initial draft of the manuscript. ARCMC AFL DK MAV AMB EMH AKP RHMM LNCL MDCG ID\u0026nbsp;LM LCO\u0026nbsp;were responsible for data collection coordination and field supervision, ensured quality control and contributed to data management. RM and LFMB supervised the laboratory component of the study. AZS XPDB IG CRSB contributed to literature review and contextualization of the results and interpreted the findings in collaboration with the broader team.\u0026nbsp;All the coauthors contributed to the interpretation of the results. All coauthors reviewed earlier versions of the draft and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe wish to thank all the MSM who participated in this research and who shared their lived experiences with us.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eArruda, M. B. et al. 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Impact and cost-effectiveness of nongovernmental organizations on the HIV epidemic in Ukraine among MSM. \u003cem\u003eAIDS\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e36\u003c/b\u003e, 2025\u0026ndash;2034 (2022).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcLaughlin, K. R. et al. Modeling the visibility distribution for respondent-driven sampling with application to population size estimation. \u003cem\u003eAnnals Appl. Stat.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e18\u003c/b\u003e, 683\u0026ndash;703 (2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Men who have sex with men, HIV care continuum, ARV, HIV epidemiology, HIV suppression, Risk factors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eMen who have sex with men (MSM) have been disproportionately affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic. The HIV treatment cascade is an important clinical monitoring strategy that involves the number of MSM living with HIV in health services. This study aimed to analyze the HIV treatment cascade in the MSM population in Brazil and to identify factors associated with different cascade stages.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional study was conducted in 12 Brazilian capitals and included 4,176 MSM recruited through respondent-driven sampling in 2016. Factors associated with each stage of the HIV treatment cascade (outcomes), i.e., HIV diagnosis, use of antiretroviral therapy, and achievement of undetectable viral load, were identified via logistic regression.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eApproximately 18.3% (95% CI: 15.4\u0026ndash;21.7) of the MSM tested HIV positive at the time of the survey. Among those living with HIV, only 55.5% (95% CI: 46.2\u0026ndash;64.4) had previous knowledge of their serologic status, and 98.4% (95% CI: 96.3\u0026ndash;99.3) of those aware of their status used antiretroviral therapy. Among those reporting using antiretroviral therapy, 80.0% (95% CI: 64.8\u0026ndash;89.7) had a suppressed viral load, whereas 79.4% (95% CI: 64.4\u0026ndash;89.2) had an undetectable viral load. Age\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;25 years, having completed high school or higher, having a previous diagnosis of another sexually transmitted infection, and not being identified as bisexual were positively associated with all outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce enrolled in HIV treatment programs, most MSM achieve viral suppression. The challenge for HIV control is that fully half of our sample or men who tested positive did not know their HIV status. Regardless of the reason for this lack of testing, Brazil faces a continuing HIV epidemic.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"HIV treatment cascade and associated factors among men who have sex with men in Brazil: A cross-sectional study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-07-22 18:37:42","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6958222/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-08-25T17:47:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-25T15:33:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"11680102916273642312561724673448332342","date":"2025-07-22T15:32:52+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"139408706676070988891472155841936791736","date":"2025-07-19T19:26:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-07-17T14:35:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-07-17T13:58:14+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-24T14:42:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-24T03:56:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-06-23T15:16:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"5b97fb3a-2dd2-4140-9d7c-bad75f021871","owner":[],"postedDate":"July 22nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":51798352,"name":"Health sciences/Health care"},{"id":51798353,"name":"Health sciences/Risk factors"},{"id":51798354,"name":"Health sciences/Diseases/Infectious diseases/Hiv infections"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-26T16:02:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-6958222","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27909-7","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2026-01-24 15:58:16","publishedOnDateReadable":"January 24th, 2026"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-07-22 18:37:42","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-27909-7","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27909-7","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6958222","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6958222","identity":"rs-6958222","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}