Multiple wave suppression method for shallow water seismic data with strong impedance contrast layer in the South Yellow Sea Laoshang uplift area

Multiple wave suppression method for shallow water seismic data with strong impedance contrast layer in the South Yellow Sea Laoshang uplift area | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Multiple wave suppression method for shallow water seismic data with strong impedance contrast layer in the South Yellow Sea Laoshang uplift area Jia-Jia Yang, Jian-Wen Chen, Qiang Zeng, Zhong-Hui Yan, Hong Liu, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6417621/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Marine Geophysical Research → Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the Laoshan Uplift of the South Yellow Sea, Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine carbonate rocks are directly overlain by Cenozoic terrestrial clastic strata, forming a strong impedance contrast layer that severely attenuates seismic energy. Additionally, the shallow-water environment exacerbates the low signal-to-multiple ratio (SMR) in middle-to-deep targets. This study addresses the challenge of enhancing seismic imaging quality by developing an effective multiple suppression technique that preserves primary reflections. First, the formation mechanisms and dominant types of multiples in the shallow-water strong impedance contrast layer are analyzed. It is found that: (1) primary reflections beneath the strong impedance contrast layer are inherently weak, while multiples are energetic; (2) near-to-medium offset multiples are dominated by seabed multiples and surface-related multiples (SRM) associated with the strong impedance contrast; and (3) medium-to-far offset multiples are long-period multiples and interbed multiples. To address these challenges, a frequency-domain adaptive subtraction method is proposed. This approach optimizes the predicted seabed multiples and SRM using a least-squares multiple prediction filter. The filter is designed to match the predicted multiples with the input data in each time-frequency window, optimizing the multiple model while preserving primary energy. This method effectively suppresses multiples caused by dipping formations and phase shifts. Field data applications demonstrate that the proposed integrated multiple suppression strategy significantly improves the SMR in the shallow-water strong impedance contrast layer of the Laoshan Uplift. The imaging quality of Mesozoic-Paleozoic targets is enhanced, clearly revealing discontinuities between Sinian and Cambrian strata beneath the strong impedance contrast layer. These results provide new insights into the tectonic and sedimentary evolution of the Lower Paleozoic in the South Yellow Sea. Model prediction Multiple wave suppression Strong impedance contrast layer Laoshan Uplift South Yellow Sea Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 25 Sep, 2025 Read the published version in Marine Geophysical Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 04 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 02 May, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 14 Apr, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 12 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 11 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6417621","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":447251878,"identity":"11413be8-9c9c-470a-91be-5d576725a888","order_by":0,"name":"Jia-Jia 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