Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024

Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024 | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024 Yamoussa Youla, Laye Sidikiba Sidibé, Hounmenou Castro, Aimé Cyrson Gbenandé, and 13 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8595779/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 10 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a deeply rooted tradition in Guinea, particularly in the Boké region. Recognized by the World Health Organization as a violation of human rights, this practice necessitates targeted interventions informed by a clear understanding of local perceptions. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing how adolescents and young people (aged 10-24) perceive FGM in Boké. Methodology: We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 20 to December 4, 2024, across nine localities in the Boké administrative region. A sample of 1,623 adolescents and young people was surveyed using standardized questionnaires administered via REDCap. Statistical analyses, performed with R software, included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis (chi-square test), and correspondence analysis (CA) to explore the relationships between perceptions and sociodemographic factors. Results: A significant majority of respondents (80%) perceive FGM as a necessary tradition. This view is particularly prevalent in urban areas (87%) and among high school students (93%). Conversely, 20% of participants, predominantly rural adolescents, advocate for its abandonment. The CA revealed nuanced profiles: young, unmarried rural individuals are most opposed to FGM. In contrast, perceptions among young, unmarried urban individuals are divergent. While young urban women tend to see a positive impact, young urban men are more likely to view it as a violation of human rights. Conclusion: This study reveals a paradoxical reinforcement of FGM support among urban and more educated youth in the Boké region, challenging conventional assumptions. Our findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen educational initiatives, particularly in rural areas, and to tailor public policies to the socio-cultural specificities of Boké. Interventions must address the distinct perceptions of different sociodemographic profiles to effectively promote the gradual abandonment of FGM. Perceptions Female genital mutilation Adolescents Young People Guinea Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Introduction Female genital mutilation (FGM), also known as excision, refers to all procedures that alter or remove the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons [ 1 ]. These practices, often rooted in cultural traditions, are a form of gender-based violence and a violation of fundamental human rights. [ 1 ]. In 2024, it is estimated that more than 230 million women and girls worldwide have undergone FGM, with over 4 million new cases annually, representing a 15% increase from the estimated 200 million in 2016 [ 2 ]. FGM is widespread in approximately 30 African countries and persists in diasporas commuities in Europe, Australia, and North America, whereit is often performed clandestinely despite legal prohibitions [ 3 , 4 ]. The continuation of these practices is frequently justified by cultural and religious beliefs. For instance, in The Gambia, 58% of women surveyed reported undergoing FGM for cultural reasons [ 5 ]. In Nigeria, university students have associated FGM with the prevention of promiscuity [ 6 ]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines FGM as any procedure involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons [ Note: Citation was used twice, this should be a different WHO source or combined ] FGM causes immediate complications such as severe pain, bleeding, and infection, and long-term urogynaecological and obstetric complications, including an increased risk of perinatal mortality. In Sudan, women who have undergone infibulation report high levels of incontinence and psychological distress [ 7 ]. In Guinea, despite awareness campaigns and prohibitive laws, FGM persists, particularly in the Boké region. National data indicates that 94.5% of women aged 15–49 have undergone FGM, alongside 39% of girls aged 0–14. While five of Guinea's eight regions have seen a slight decrease in the practice, three have recorded an increase: Boké (+ 3.8%), Conakry (+ 3.1%), and Kindia (+ 2.7%) [ 9 ]. The 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) revealed that 96% of women aged 15 to 49 have undergone FGM [ 10 ]. Socially, FGM perpetuates gender inequality by limiting women's control over their sexuality. In Guinea, women who have not undergone the procedure may face stigmatization, while those who have are often valued in their communities [ 11 ]. The practice also generates significant economic costs for treating its complications, estimated at billions of dollars annually, and perpetuates cycles of inequality and violence that hinder community development [ 8 , 12 – 14 ]. This study aims to analyse the factors influencing the perceptions of adolescents and young people (aged 10 to 24) regarding FGM in the Boké region in 2024. Understanding these perceptions—defined as the set of thoughts, judgments, and attitudes shaped by social, cultural, and personal experiences—is critical for designing effective interventions. Methodology Study design, period, and population This cross-sectional study was conducted from November 20 to December 4, 2024. The study population comprised adolescents and young people aged 10 to 24 residing in the Boké region of Guinea. The study was implemented in the administrative region of Boké, specifically within the prefectures of Boké, Boffa, Fria, Gaoual, and Koundara, which are covered by the Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) project. Research was carried out in the localities of Bintimodia, Kanfarandé, Boké center, Wendou M'bour, Gaoual center, Termèssè, Koundara center, Boffa center, and Fria center (Fig. 1). Figure 1 Map of Guinea's prefectures showing the study areas. This figure shows a map of Guinea with the country's various prefectures. A specific color is used for the study area, which is the coastal region of Boké. Other regions of Guinea Data sources and sample size: We used data collected during the baseline survey of the DSSR project [ Needed reference ]. Data on FGM perceptions and sociodemographic characteristics were extracted for 1,623 participants from schools and households using the REDCap application. A three-stage stratified sampling method was employed. The first level of stratification was the prefecture, the second was the sub-prefecture or district, and the third was the household or school. All eligible individuals aged 10–24 within the selected third-level units were surveyed. Variables The dependent variable was the overall perception of FGM, categorized as a binary variable: "practice to be abandoned" (coded as 1) or "necessary tradition" (coded as 0). The independent variables included sociodemographic characteristics and perception-related factors. Sociodemographic variables: collection site (household, school), school type (private, public), area of residence (urban, rural), age group (10–14 years for adolescents; 15–24 years for young people), gender (male, female), religion (Muslim, Christian), schooling status (yes, no), school level (primary, middle, high), and marital status (married, single). Perception-related variables: FGM as a cultural, social, or religious practice; existence of relatives who have undergone FGM; impact of FGM on victims (positive, negative); belief in the need to educate youth on FGM dangers and rights; and perception of FGM as a human rights violation. These variables were primarily binary (Yes/No). Statistical analysis The analyses were performed using R Studio software (version 4.4.1, The R Foundation for Statistics Computing, Vienne, Autriche). Categorical variables were described using frequencies and proportions. A bivariate analysis using the chi-square test of independence (or Fisher's exact test) was performed to compare the existence of a possible statistical dependence between sociodemographic characteristics and FGM perceptions, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Variables showing a statistically significant dependence (school type, prefecture, sex, age group, area of residence, education level, and marital status) were included in a log-linear analysis to examine their interaction effects. Subsequently, a composite variable named "profile" was created by combining categories of sex (Male: Ma, Female: Fe), age group (Adolescents: Ad, Young adults: Je), area of residence (Urban: Ub, Rural: Ru), and marital status (Single: Ce, Married: Ma). Finally, we performed a correspondence factor analysis (CA) using the "FactoMineR" and "factoextra" packages in R. The "profile" variable was used as the active variable to explore relationships between sociodemographic profiles and perception modalities. Map of Guinea's prefectures showing the study areas were generated using QGIS 3.44.0 software [ 16 ]. Ethical Considerations This study received ethical approval from the National Ethics Committee for Health Research of the Republic of Guinea, approved according to national regulations, under the number 180/CNERS/24. In addition to approval from the national ethics committee, we obtained free, informed, and signed consent from each adult participant, as well as a copy of the consent form signed by the legal guardian of each minor participant (aged 10 to 17). Results Socio-demographic characteristics of respondent s A total of 1,623 adolescents and young people were included. Most participants were recruited from educational institutions (68%), were female (54%), and resided in urban areas (68%). The majority were adolescents aged 10–14 (77%). Muslims represented 90% of the sample, and 96% were single. (Table I provides a detailed description). Table I Description of socio-demographic characteristics Perceptions of FGM among young people and adolescents A substantial majority of respondents (80%, n = 1,298) perceived FGM as a necessary tradition, while 20% (n = 325) believed it should be abandoned. FGM was primarily considered a cultural practice (69%), followed by religious (29%) and social (16%) practices. A large proportion (74%) reported having relatives who had undergone FGM. Among those with affected relatives, 57% viewed the impact of FGM as positive. Only 23% of respondents believed young people could protect themselves or fight against FGM. However, 57% felt that learning about the associated risks could lead to its abandonment, and 52% affirmed that young people have the right to object. A large majority believed it is necessary to educate young people about the dangers of FGM (70%) and the laws that protect them (72%). Opinions were evenly split on whether FGM is a violation of human rights (51% Yes vs. 49% No). (See Table II for details). Table II Description of young people's and adolescents' perceptions of FGM Sociodemographic Factors Influencing Perceptions of FGM The bivariate analysis (Table III) identified several sociodemographic characteristics significantly associated with the perception of FGM as a practice to be abandoned. A statistically significant higher proportion of males compared to females (27% vs. 14%, p < 0.001) and adolescents (ages 10–19) compared to young people (ages 20–24) (33% vs. 16%, p < 0.001) supported the abandonment of FGM. Similarly, individuals from rural areas were significantly more likely to advocate for abandonment than their urban counterparts (35% vs. 13%, p < 0.001). Perceptions also varied significantly by educational context; students in public schools were more likely to favor abandonment than those in private schools (23% vs. 8.1%, p < 0.001). Notably, individuals at the primary school level or not attending school showed a greater propensity to support abandonment (34% and 25%, respectively) compared to those in high school (7.1%). Significant differences were also observed across prefectures (p < 0.001), with Boké showing the highest support for abandonment (38%), and by marital status, with single individuals being more likely than married individuals to support abandonment (21% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.011). No significant association was found with the type of collection site, religion, or overall education status (yes/no). To explore the complex interplay between these factors, a log-linear analysis was performed to model the factors associated with both perceptions of FGM: as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition (Table IV). The results revealed highly significant two-way, three-way, and four-way interactions among all tested sociodemographic variables (p < 0.0001 for all significant terms). For instance, the significant sex:age group and gender:age_group:area interactions indicate that the effect of gender on FGM perception is dependent on the individual's age group and area of residence. The universal significance of these interactions underscores that no single factor influences FGM perception in isolation. Instead, the influence of any given characteristic is significantly modified by others, highlighting the deeply complex and interconnected nature of sociodemographic determinants in shaping attitudes towards FGM within this population. Table I Bivariate analysis of soci-demographic characteristics of adolescents and youths according to FGM perception Table IV : Results of the linear log analysis on the relationships among the socio-demographic variables with both perceptions of FGM:as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition Correspondence Analysis (FCA) Profiles Profiles supporting FGM abandonment The first two axes of the FCA explained 55.1% of the total variability. Axis 1 (30.7%) clearly separated profiles based on their opposition to FGM. The analysis identified distinct profiles among those who favor abandonment. Young unmarried men and women in rural areas ('FeJeRuCe' and 'MaJeRuCe') believe that learning about risks leads to rejection. Unmarried urban adolescents ('FeAdUbCe' and 'MaAdUbCe') associate abandonment with discussions with trusted adults. Young married urban women ('FeJeUbMa') showed the strongest opposition to FGM. (Fig. 2). Figure 2 Correspondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who support the abandonment of FGM. Axes 1 and 2 explain 55.1% of the variability, which is slightly more than half and indicates that the factorial plan is informative. The main axis of variability, axis 1 (30.738%), separates profiles and modalities according to their opposition to FGM: negative coordinates reflect a strong association with opposition, while positive coordinates suggest residual support. Young married urban women (“FeJeUbMa”) dominate opposition to FGM, while single urban adolescents (“FeAdUbCe”) show secondary variability. Young men and women living in rural areas and who are unmarried (“FeJeRuCe” and “MaJeRuCe”) believe that learning about the risks associated with FGM leads to rejection of the practice and that young people have the means to protect themselves or fight against FGM. Male and female adolescents living in urban areas who are unmarried (“FeAdUbCe” and “MaAdUbCe”) believe that discussing FGM with trusted adults can raise awareness in the community and curb the practice. Finally, male and female adolescents and young people living in urban areas, whether married or single (“FeJeRuMa” and “MaAdUbCe”), perceive this practice as cultural and religious. Caption Profiles supporting FGM as a necessary tradition For those supporting the practice, the first two axes explained 78.4% of the variability. Axis 1 (57.8%) separated profiles based on their level of support. Single teenage girls and young people in rural areas ('FeAdRuCe' and 'MaAdRuCe') were the main opponents within this group, while single young men in urban areas ('MaJeUbCe') were the strongest supporters. Unmarried urban adolescents ('FeAdUbCe' and 'MaAdUbCe') tended to perceive a positive impact on victims. Interestingly, young unmarried urban males ('MaJeUbCe') who support the tradition also acknowledged that FGM violates women's human rights, suggesting a cognitive dissonance (Fig. 3). Figure 3 Correspondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who consider FGM a necessary tradition. Axes 1 and 2 explain 78.4% of the variability, which represents a large majority and indicates that the factorial plan is highly informative. The main axis of variability, axis 1 (57.824%), separates profiles and modalities according to their perception of FGM as a “necessary tradition”: negative coordinates reflect opposition or ambivalence, while positive coordinates suggest support for this tradition. Unmarried rural adolescents and young people (“FeAdRuCe” and ‘MaAdRuCe’) dominate opposition to FGM, while unmarried young males living in urban areas (“MaJeUbCe”) support this tradition. Male and female adolescents living in urban areas who are single (“FeAdUbCe” and “MaAdUbCe”) believe that FGM has a positive impact on victims. Young men living in urban areas who are single (“MaJeUbCe”) believe that FGM is a violation of women's human rights and think that learning about the risks associated with it may lead to the rejection of this practice. Finally, young men and women, whether they live in rural areas and are married or in urban areas and are single (“FeJeRuMa” and “MaAdUbCe”), perceive this practice as cultural and religious. Caption Discussion Our study reveals that a striking 80% of adolescents and young people in Guinea's Boké region perceive FGM as a necessary tradition. This strong support reflects deep-rooted social norms where FGM is often seen as a rite of passage guaranteeing social acceptability. This aligns with findings from a 2015 survey in The Gambia, where high school students supported FGM for socio-cultural reasons [ 5 ]. In contrast, a study among Nigerian university students found only 16.8% willing to continue the practice, suggesting that higher (tertiary) education may promote its rejection [ 6 ]. The limited secondary education level in our sample (42%) may contribute to the predominance of traditionalist views. A key and surprising finding is that support for FGM is significantly higher in urban areas (87%) than in rural areas (65%). This contradicts the common assumption that urban settings, with better access to education and information, would foster opposition. This trend could be explained by stronger community pressure and the desire to maintain cultural identity in heterogeneous urban environments, a phenomenon observed in migrant communities in Australia [ 8 ]. Similarly, support for FGM increases with age and education level (up to high school), with 93% of high school students supporting the tradition. This paradox—where secondary education appears to reinforce traditionalism—differs from findings in Nigeria where higher education reduces support [ 6 ]. It may be linked to increased exposure to cultural expectations and social pressure during late adolescence. Gender dynamics also play a crucial role, with women (86%) being stronger proponents of FGM than men (73%). This highlights the complex role of women as "guardians of tradition," an aspect also noted in studies in Belgium [ 13 ]. The correspondence analysis provided deeper insights into these perceptions. Among those favoring abandonment, young married urban women emerged as the strongest opponents, a critical finding for identifying potential change agents. For those who support FGM, the analysis revealed a significant conflict: young, single urban men ('MaJeUbCe') support the tradition while simultaneously acknowledging it as a violation of human rights. This internal conflict suggests an awareness of international human rights norms clashing with local cultural pressures. This finding is consistent with a recent analysis of the 2022 Tanzania DHS, which found that 38% of unmarried urban young men recognized FGM as a human rights violation, even if community norms supported it [ 20 ]. Strengths and Limitations The primary strength of this study lies in its sophisticated methodological approach. The use of Correspondence Factorial Analysis (CFA) provides a nuanced, multi-dimensional understanding of perceptions that goes beyond simple bivariate associations, revealing complex and even conflicting attitudes within specific subgroups. These insights are supported by a large and statistically robust sample (n = 1,623) gathered through a methodologically sound three-stage stratified sampling technique, which enhances the representativeness of the findings for the Boké region. Consequently, the study generates novel and counter-intuitive evidence—notably the paradoxical finding that FGM support is higher among urban and more educated youth—that challenges conventional assumptions and holds significant implications for public health policy in a critical, high-prevalence area. However, the study's limitations must be acknowledged, chief among them being its cross-sectional design, which precludes any inference of causality and can only establish associations. For instance, it identifies a link between secondary education and FGM support but cannot explain the causal pathway. Secondly, given that FGM is a sensitive and normative topic, the self-reported data may be subject to social desirability bias, potentially affecting the accuracy of responses. Furthermore, while the findings are robust for the Boké region, their generalizability to other cultural contexts is limited. Finally, the reliance on quantitative data, while powerful for identifying trends, does not fully capture the "why" behind these complex perceptions; complementary qualitative research would be necessary to explore the underlying cultural reasoning and personal motivations. Also, future longitudinal studies could track how perceptions evolve over time and in response to specific interventions. Conclusion Perceptions of FGM in the Boké region are shaped by a complex interplay of residence, age, gender, and education. Our findings challenge the linear narrative that modernization and education automatically lead to the abandonment of harmful practices. Instead, we observe a reinforcement of tradition among urban, educated adolescents. However, the emergence of critical awareness, particularly among young urban men who recognize the practice as a human rights violation, provides a crucial entry point for intervention. The majority of respondents still consider FGM a necessary tradition, reflecting the resilient influence of local culture. Future policies must move beyond generic awareness campaigns. They should be highly targeted, with different strategies for rural adolescents (who are more receptive to abandonment) and for urban youth (where deconstructing social pressures is key). Empowering key profiles, such as married urban women and conflicted urban men, as community advocates could be a powerful strategy to promote the gradual abandonment of FGM. Abbreviations Ado/Jeu Adolescents and young people AFC Correspondence Factor Analysis CERFIG Guinea Infectious Diseases Research and Training Centre DSSR Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights EDS Demographic and Health Survey FGM Female Genital Mutilation WHO World Health Organisation UGANC Gamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry GBV Gender-Based Violence UNICEF United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund Declarations Competing interests The authors declare that they have no particular or competing interests in this study. Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Expertise France and the Guinea Infectious Diseases Research and Training Centre for their technical and financial support during the data collection surveys. The French Embassy in Guinea for organising the writing workshops, the French Development Agency and Expertise France through the Centre for Research and Training in Infectious Diseases in Guinea for funding the doctoral student's research project. TDR: Who awarded an additional grant to support the research. Financement : We received the grant from Expertise France through CERFIG for the implementation of the SRHR project in the Boké region. Authors' contributions: YY designed the study, developed the protocol, collected the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SS supervised the implementation and corrected the first draft. CHG, GACG, Analysed the data. The other authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Funding: We received a grant from Expertise France through CERFIG for the implementation of the SRHR project in the Boké region. References Mutilations génitales féminines [Internet]. [cité 3 juin 2025]. Disponible sur: https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation Hassfurter K. Female Genital Mutilation: A global concern [Internet]. UNICEF DATA. 2024 [cité 8 juill 2025]. 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Tables Table I: Description of socio-demographic characteristics Socio-demographic characteristics n = 1.623 Type of collection site n (%) Educational institution 1.110 (68%) Housekeeping 513 (32%) Type of school Private 298 (27%) Public 812 (73%) Prefecture Boffa 274 (17%) Boké 623 (38%) Fria 221 (14%) Gaoual 261 (16%) Koundara 244 (15%) Area of residence Rural 520 (32%) Urban 1.103 (68%) Sex Feminine 880 (54%) Male 743 (46%) Age Adolescent (10-14) 1248 (77%) Young (15-24) 375 (23%) median age (Q1.Q3) 17.0 (15.0. 18.0) Religion Christian 167 (10%) Muslim 1.456 (90%) Educate No 166 (10%) Yes 1.457 (90%) School level Secondary school 688 (42%) Higth school 482 (30%) Not attending school 166 (10%) Primary 287 (18%) Marital status Single 1.565 (96%) Married 58 (3.6%) Table II: Description of young people's and adolescents' perceptions of FGM Perception variables n = 1.623 Overall perception Practice of abandon 325 (20%) Tradition necessary 1.298 (80%) Cultural practices No 501 (31%) Yes 1.122 (69%) Social practices No 1.363 (84%) Yes 260 (16%) Religious practices No 1.150 (71%) Yes 473 (29%) Impact on close relatives of victims Négatif 511 (43%) Positif 686 (57%) Possibility of protecting one self No 1.253 (77%) Yes 370 (23%) Seeking information may lead to refusal No 690 (43%) Yes 933 (57%) FGM is imposed on victims No 571 (35%) Yes 1.052 (65%) Young people have the right to object No 772 (48%) Yes 851 (52%) Support in refusal leads to change No 697 (43%) Yes 926 (57%) Community awareness can curb FGM No 804 (50%) Yes 819 (50%) Young people must be educated about the dangers No 480 (30%) Yes 1.143 (70%) Young people must be educated about their rights No 450 (28%) Yes 1.173 (72%) FGM is a violation of women's rights No 793 (49%) Yes 830 (51%) Table I : Bivariate analysis of soci-demographic characteristics of adolescents and youths according to FGM perception Overall perception Characteristics perceptions Total (%) Practice to abandon Tradition necessary p-value n = 1.623 n = 325 n= 1.298 Type of collection site 0.2 Educational institution 1.110 (100%) 212 (19%) 898 (81%) Housekeeping 513 (100%) 113 (22%) 400 (78%) Type of school <0.001 Private 298 (100%) 24 (8.1%) 274 (92%) Public 812 (100%) 188 (23%) 624 (77%) Prefecture <0.001 Boffa 274 (100%) 3 (1.1%) 271 (99%) Boké 623 (100%) 238 (38%) 385 (62%) Fria 221 (100%) 4 (1.8%) 217 (98%) Gaoual 261 (100%) 27 (10%) 234 (90%) Koundara 244 (100%) 53 (22%) 191 (78%) Area of residence <0.001 Rural 520 (100%) 180 (35%) 340 (65%) Urban 1.103 (100%) 145 (13%) 958 (87%) Sex <0.001 Feminine 880 (100%) 127 (14%) 753 (86%) Male 743 (100%) 198 (27%) 545 (73%) Religion 0.5 Christian 167 (100%) 30 (18%) 137 (82%) Muslim 1.456 (100%) 295 (20%) 1.161 (80%) Educate 0.11 No 166 (100%) 41 (25%) 125 (75%) Yes 1.457 (100%) 284 (19%) 1.173 (81%) School level <0.001 Secondary school 688 (100%) 152 (22%) 536 (78%) higth school 482 (100%) 34 (7.1%) 448 (93%) Not attending school 166 (100%) 41 (25%) 125 (75%) Primary 287 (100%) 98 (34%) 189 (66%) Marital status 0.011 Single 1.565 (100%) 321 (21%) 1.244 (79%) Married 58 (100%) 4 (6.9%) 54 (93%) Age group <0.001 Adolescents 375 (100%) 122 (33%) 253 (67%) Young people 1.248 (100%) 203 (16%) 1.045 (84%) Table IV: Results of the linear log analysis on the relationships among the socio-demographic variables with both perceptions of FGM:as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition Abandonment FGM Necessity tradition Factors Khi 2 DDL P-value Khi 2 DDL P-value sex:age group 3892,223 396 0.0001 15585,31 396 0.0001 sxe:zone 3907,412 396 0.0001 15797,35 396 0.0001 gender:school_level 3582,644 390 0.0001 14847,93 390 0.0001 gender:Situat_mat 3499,811 396 0.0001 14710,28 396 0.0001 group_age:zone 3889,817 396 0.0001 15235,75 396 0.0001 age_group:school_level 3523,027 390 0.0001 13932,55 390 0.0001 age_group:Situat_mat 3498,846 396 0.0001 14245,3 396 0.0001 zone:school_level 3495,889 90 0.0001 14245,03 390 0.0001 zone:Situat_mat 3517,722 96 0.0001 14479,43 396 0.0001 school_level:Situat_mat 3185,756 90 0.0001 13501,42 390 0.0001 gender:age_group:area 2886,965 378 0.0001 11293,96 378 0.0001 gender:age_group:school_level 2514,42 360 0.0001 9971,472 360 0.0001 gender:age_group:Marital_status 2495,037 378 0.0001 10260,63 378 0.0001 gender:area:school_level 2493,128 360 0.0001 10272,69 360 0.0001 sex:zone:Situat_mat 2513,768 378 0.0001 10493,18 378 0.0001 gender:school_level:Situat_mat 2178,265 360 0.0001 9500,963 360 0.0001 age_group:area:school_level 2428,791 360 0.0001 9363,465 360 0.0001 age_group:zone:Situat_mat 2500,135 378 0.0001 9950,448 378 0.0001 age_group:school_level:Situat_mat 2123,812 360 0.0001 8600,963 360 0.0001 zone:school_level:Situat_mat 2098,785 360 0.0001 8936,92 360 0.0001 gender:age_group:area:school_level 1407,88 270 0.0001 5384,464 270 0.0001 gender:age_group:area:Situat_mat 1489,61 324 0.0001 5958,246 324 0.0001 gender:age_group:school_level:marital_status 1106,572 270 0.0001 4596,901 270 0.0001 gender:area:school_level:Situat_mat 1088,658 270 0.0001 4916,531 270 0.0001 age_group:area:school_level:Situat_mat 1029,561 270 0.0001 4028,801 270 0.0001 gender:age_group:area:school_level:Marital_status 0 0 1 0 0 1 Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 06 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 03 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 28 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 18 Feb, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Feb, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 12 Feb, 2026 Editor invited by journal 23 Jan, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 14 Jan, 2026 Submission checks completed at journal 14 Jan, 2026 First submitted to journal 13 Jan, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8595779","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":574533408,"identity":"587c930c-984a-47e5-aaad-799932f16521","order_by":0,"name":"Yamoussa 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1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":103375,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMap of Guinea's prefectures showing the study areas\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8595779/v1/5b69660f2e713ae9e0fb5a86.jpg"},{"id":100866696,"identity":"6995b78d-a8c3-485f-a7ab-0941059800c6","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-22 08:35:14","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":97000,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who support the abandonment of FGM.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8595779/v1/de07ee50872ccb6697d42f1b.jpg"},{"id":100950192,"identity":"1a035b0c-69bd-4cc0-9079-5928e9517cb8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-23 07:07:12","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":118191,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who consider FGM a necessary tradition.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8595779/v1/2de65416dbd4c999336e9e56.jpg"},{"id":101298960,"identity":"f8613d04-25c2-429b-bad8-f7517557a96d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-28 09:38:23","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1874838,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8595779/v1/824f148e-c2c9-4502-9654-98bc6ebabe32.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eFemale genital mutilation (FGM), also known as excision, refers to all procedures that alter or remove the external female genitalia for non-medical reasons [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. These practices, often rooted in cultural traditions, are a form of gender-based violence and a violation of fundamental human rights. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. In 2024, it is estimated that more than 230\u0026nbsp;million women and girls worldwide have undergone FGM, with over 4\u0026nbsp;million new cases annually, representing a 15% increase from the estimated 200\u0026nbsp;million in 2016 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. FGM is widespread in approximately 30 African countries and persists in diasporas commuities in Europe, Australia, and North America, whereit is often performed clandestinely despite legal prohibitions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe continuation of these practices is frequently justified by cultural and religious beliefs. For instance, in The Gambia, 58% of women surveyed reported undergoing FGM for cultural reasons [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In Nigeria, university students have associated FGM with the prevention of promiscuity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines FGM as any procedure involving the partial or total removal of the external female genitalia or other injury to the female genital organs for non-medical reasons [\u003cb\u003eNote: Citation was used twice, this should be a different WHO source or combined\u003c/b\u003e] FGM causes immediate complications such as severe pain, bleeding, and infection, and long-term urogynaecological and obstetric complications, including an increased risk of perinatal mortality. In Sudan, women who have undergone infibulation report high levels of incontinence and psychological distress [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn Guinea, despite awareness campaigns and prohibitive laws, FGM persists, particularly in the Bok\u0026eacute; region. National data indicates that 94.5% of women aged 15\u0026ndash;49 have undergone FGM, alongside 39% of girls aged 0\u0026ndash;14. While five of Guinea's eight regions have seen a slight decrease in the practice, three have recorded an increase: Bok\u0026eacute; (+\u0026thinsp;3.8%), Conakry (+\u0026thinsp;3.1%), and Kindia (+\u0026thinsp;2.7%) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The 2018 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) revealed that 96% of women aged 15 to 49 have undergone FGM [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Socially, FGM perpetuates gender inequality by limiting women's control over their sexuality. In Guinea, women who have not undergone the procedure may face stigmatization, while those who have are often valued in their communities [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. The practice also generates significant economic costs for treating its complications, estimated at billions of dollars annually, and perpetuates cycles of inequality and violence that hinder community development [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR13\" citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study aims to analyse the factors influencing the perceptions of adolescents and young people (aged 10 to 24) regarding FGM in the Bok\u0026eacute; region in 2024. Understanding these perceptions\u0026mdash;defined as the set of thoughts, judgments, and attitudes shaped by social, cultural, and personal experiences\u0026mdash;is critical for designing effective interventions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy design, period, and population\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis cross-sectional study was conducted from November 20 to December 4, 2024. The study population comprised adolescents and young people aged 10 to 24 residing in the Bok\u0026eacute; region of Guinea. The study was implemented in the administrative region of Bok\u0026eacute;, specifically within the prefectures of Bok\u0026eacute;, Boffa, Fria, Gaoual, and Koundara, which are covered by the Sexual and Reproductive Health Rights (SRHR) project. Research was carried out in the localities of Bintimodia, Kanfarand\u0026eacute;, Bok\u0026eacute; center, Wendou M'bour, Gaoual center, Term\u0026egrave;ss\u0026egrave;, Koundara center, Boffa center, and Fria center (Fig.\u0026nbsp;1).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFigure 1\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eMap of Guinea's prefectures showing the study areas.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis figure shows a map of Guinea with the country's various prefectures. A specific color is used for the study area, which is the coastal region of Bok\u0026eacute;.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther regions of Guinea\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eData sources and sample size:\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe used data collected during the baseline survey of the DSSR project [\u003cb\u003eNeeded reference\u003c/b\u003e]. Data on FGM perceptions and sociodemographic characteristics were extracted for 1,623 participants from schools and households using the REDCap application. A three-stage stratified sampling method was employed. The first level of stratification was the prefecture, the second was the sub-prefecture or district, and the third was the household or school. All eligible individuals aged 10\u0026ndash;24 within the selected third-level units were surveyed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVariables\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003edependent variable\u003c/b\u003e was the overall perception of FGM, categorized as a binary variable: \"practice to be abandoned\" (coded as 1) or \"necessary tradition\" (coded as 0).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe \u003cb\u003eindependent variables\u003c/b\u003e included sociodemographic characteristics and perception-related factors.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSociodemographic variables: collection site (household, school), school type (private, public), area of residence (urban, rural), age group (10\u0026ndash;14 years for adolescents; 15\u0026ndash;24 years for young people), gender (male, female), religion (Muslim, Christian), schooling status (yes, no), school level (primary, middle, high), and marital status (married, single).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePerception-related variables: FGM as a cultural, social, or religious practice; existence of relatives who have undergone FGM; impact of FGM on victims (positive, negative); belief in the need to educate youth on FGM dangers and rights; and perception of FGM as a human rights violation. These variables were primarily binary (Yes/No).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe analyses were performed using R Studio software (version 4.4.1, The R Foundation for Statistics Computing, Vienne, Autriche). Categorical variables were described using frequencies and proportions. A bivariate analysis using the chi-square test of independence (or Fisher's exact test) was performed to compare the existence of a possible statistical dependence between sociodemographic characteristics and FGM perceptions, with a significance level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables showing a statistically significant dependence (school type, prefecture, sex, age group, area of residence, education level, and marital status) were included in a log-linear analysis to examine their interaction effects. Subsequently, a composite variable named \"profile\" was created by combining categories of sex (Male: Ma, Female: Fe), age group (Adolescents: Ad, Young adults: Je), area of residence (Urban: Ub, Rural: Ru), and marital status (Single: Ce, Married: Ma).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, we performed a correspondence factor analysis (CA) using the \"FactoMineR\" and \"factoextra\" packages in R. The \"profile\" variable was used as the active variable to explore relationships between sociodemographic profiles and perception modalities. Map of Guinea's prefectures showing the study areas were generated using QGIS 3.44.0 software [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEthical Considerations\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e This study received ethical approval from the National Ethics Committee for Health Research of the Republic of Guinea, approved according to national regulations, under the number 180/CNERS/24.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e In addition to approval from the national ethics committee, we obtained free, informed, and signed consent from each adult participant, as well as a copy of the consent form signed by the legal guardian of each minor participant (aged 10 to 17).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics of respondent\u003c/b\u003es\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA total of 1,623 adolescents and young people were included. Most participants were recruited from educational institutions (68%), were female (54%), and resided in urban areas (68%). The majority were adolescents aged 10\u0026ndash;14 (77%). Muslims represented 90% of the sample, and 96% were single. (Table I provides a detailed description).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTable I\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescription of socio-demographic characteristics\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003ePerceptions of FGM among young people and adolescents\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA substantial majority of respondents (80%, n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,298) perceived FGM as a necessary tradition, while 20% (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;325) believed it should be abandoned. FGM was primarily considered a cultural practice (69%), followed by religious (29%) and social (16%) practices. A large proportion (74%) reported having relatives who had undergone FGM. Among those with affected relatives, 57% viewed the impact of FGM as positive.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly 23% of respondents believed young people could protect themselves or fight against FGM. However, 57% felt that learning about the associated risks could lead to its abandonment, and 52% affirmed that young people have the right to object. A large majority believed it is necessary to educate young people about the dangers of FGM (70%) and the laws that protect them (72%). Opinions were evenly split on whether FGM is a violation of human rights (51% Yes vs. 49% No). (See Table II for details).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTable II\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescription of young people's and adolescents' perceptions of FGM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSociodemographic Factors Influencing Perceptions of FGM\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bivariate analysis (Table III) identified several sociodemographic characteristics significantly associated with the perception of FGM as a practice to be abandoned. A statistically significant higher proportion of males compared to females (27% vs. 14%, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and adolescents (ages 10\u0026ndash;19) compared to young people (ages 20\u0026ndash;24) (33% vs. 16%, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) supported the abandonment of FGM. Similarly, individuals from rural areas were significantly more likely to advocate for abandonment than their urban counterparts (35% vs. 13%, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Perceptions also varied significantly by educational context; students in public schools were more likely to favor abandonment than those in private schools (23% vs. 8.1%, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Notably, individuals at the primary school level or not attending school showed a greater propensity to support abandonment (34% and 25%, respectively) compared to those in high school (7.1%). Significant differences were also observed across prefectures (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), with Bok\u0026eacute; showing the highest support for abandonment (38%), and by marital status, with single individuals being more likely than married individuals to support abandonment (21% vs. 6.9%, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.011). No significant association was found with the type of collection site, religion, or overall education status (yes/no).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo explore the complex interplay between these factors, a log-linear analysis was performed to model the factors associated with both perceptions of FGM: as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition (Table IV). The results revealed highly significant two-way, three-way, and four-way interactions among all tested sociodemographic variables (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.0001 for all significant terms). For instance, the significant sex:age group and gender:age_group:area interactions indicate that the effect of gender on FGM perception is dependent on the individual's age group and area of residence. The universal significance of these interactions underscores that no single factor influences FGM perception in isolation. Instead, the influence of any given characteristic is significantly modified by others, highlighting the deeply complex and interconnected nature of sociodemographic determinants in shaping attitudes towards FGM within this population.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eTable I\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eBivariate analysis of soci-demographic characteristics of adolescents and youths according to FGM perception\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eTable IV\u003c/b\u003e: Results of the linear log analysis on the relationships among the socio-demographic variables with both perceptions of FGM:as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCorrespondence Analysis (FCA) Profiles\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eProfiles supporting FGM abandonment\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe first two axes of the FCA explained 55.1% of the total variability. Axis 1 (30.7%) clearly separated profiles based on their opposition to FGM. The analysis identified distinct profiles among those who favor abandonment. Young unmarried men and women in rural areas ('FeJeRuCe' and 'MaJeRuCe') believe that learning about risks leads to rejection. Unmarried urban adolescents ('FeAdUbCe' and 'MaAdUbCe') associate abandonment with discussions with trusted adults. Young married urban women ('FeJeUbMa') showed the strongest opposition to FGM. (Fig.\u0026nbsp;2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFigure 2\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrespondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who support the abandonment of FGM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxes 1 and 2 explain 55.1% of the variability, which is slightly more than half and indicates that the factorial plan is informative. The main axis of variability, axis 1 (30.738%), separates profiles and modalities according to their opposition to FGM: negative coordinates reflect a strong association with opposition, while positive coordinates suggest residual support. Young married urban women (\u0026ldquo;FeJeUbMa\u0026rdquo;) dominate opposition to FGM, while single urban adolescents (\u0026ldquo;FeAdUbCe\u0026rdquo;) show secondary variability. Young men and women living in rural areas and who are unmarried (\u0026ldquo;FeJeRuCe\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;MaJeRuCe\u0026rdquo;) believe that learning about the risks associated with FGM leads to rejection of the practice and that young people have the means to protect themselves or fight against FGM. Male and female adolescents living in urban areas who are unmarried (\u0026ldquo;FeAdUbCe\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;MaAdUbCe\u0026rdquo;) believe that discussing FGM with trusted adults can raise awareness in the community and curb the practice. Finally, male and female adolescents and young people living in urban areas, whether married or single (\u0026ldquo;FeJeRuMa\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;MaAdUbCe\u0026rdquo;), perceive this practice as cultural and religious.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Caption\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\" width=\"391\" height=\"190\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eProfiles supporting FGM as a necessary tradition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor those supporting the practice, the first two axes explained 78.4% of the variability. Axis 1 (57.8%) separated profiles based on their level of support. Single teenage girls and young people in rural areas ('FeAdRuCe' and 'MaAdRuCe') were the main opponents within this group, while single young men in urban areas ('MaJeUbCe') were the strongest supporters. Unmarried urban adolescents ('FeAdUbCe' and 'MaAdUbCe') tended to perceive a positive impact on victims. Interestingly, young unmarried urban males ('MaJeUbCe') who support the tradition also acknowledged that FGM violates women's human rights, suggesting a cognitive dissonance (Fig.\u0026nbsp;3).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eFigure 3\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrespondence Analysis (CA) of sociodemographic profiles and perceptions among individuals who consider FGM a necessary tradition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAxes 1 and 2 explain 78.4% of the variability, which represents a large majority and indicates that the factorial plan is highly informative. The main axis of variability, axis 1 (57.824%), separates profiles and modalities according to their perception of FGM as a \u0026ldquo;necessary tradition\u0026rdquo;: negative coordinates reflect opposition or ambivalence, while positive coordinates suggest support for this tradition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnmarried rural adolescents and young people (\u0026ldquo;FeAdRuCe\u0026rdquo; and \u0026lsquo;MaAdRuCe\u0026rsquo;) dominate opposition to FGM, while unmarried young males living in urban areas (\u0026ldquo;MaJeUbCe\u0026rdquo;) support this tradition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale and female adolescents living in urban areas who are single (\u0026ldquo;FeAdUbCe\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;MaAdUbCe\u0026rdquo;) believe that FGM has a positive impact on victims.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eYoung men living in urban areas who are single (\u0026ldquo;MaJeUbCe\u0026rdquo;) believe that FGM is a violation of women's human rights and think that learning about the risks associated with it may lead to the rejection of this practice.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, young men and women, whether they live in rural areas and are married or in urban areas and are single (\u0026ldquo;FeJeRuMa\u0026rdquo; and \u0026ldquo;MaAdUbCe\u0026rdquo;), perceive this practice as cultural and religious.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCaption\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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qidMji6AX16LiphT1wB3PXz0Xt8d8Mtr6d0OePw71/vZbcOy1176fr/cS1bysaZgphKwrC26jIReZhZmbzmOE2Y/4XKeXiebiLVjFhZmkuHxdNlJy6VZWsOgrgR+n1QqlXDZS9tZLBbD5a9t22GfaXscxwnbb9t22F9sn64/eFy32w3LbLfbYV/ixsHUPcD7p5jboVKpRK4fZsypXn9wH5bDx5lup/cCHS8dtGwdcePB3Q68fnq9mr3MQXp9dOPH7zs6NnHjxMcgqa95RHdfcDKZ+XLSqpp98kF/pvnJ+1HXwx/eDxTJoDfDNoEKoGMb0MVAZ+Jx/OUI4EeXg/Z89QXAn//EjwhIO/NVTFDGj1G0AqJWNj09DcViMZJ9xX9gQZrNZlj2w4cP+W6AFCpoiOd5sLq6Gmkjzqp834dOpxPOvFC5DduHbbl27ZpW+0Gn3DU9PQ2rq6uwvr4ejtWdO3dCRbCNjQ2o1+uJKmkm45CW6em+BimXw8Qleb1eD/upDNXUqGDOl18aPB0ghqTxSALvhbW1NTg4OIBqtQobGxuwsLAQkUGlJCm3UXCcku7zs0QujC/C3RE6tbL79wBeqfW3P/ha73rQ8e3HAY4fRLd9+V/RzzqevhgYdQ59lhttT5zR393dDQ0qfQ1LU6X+3jhFq7xweHgYaV+z2dS6HpLgS2UKV+4qFAqglIK5uTmYIst4nWEaVSUtiWKxOGC04uQ8k5i0mtrs7Czs7e0NtA2X+TCh8UA3SKPRiMigUtCtoCag3HaWyJXxpcSplX3QArgUiGeFUDHzc9P983io14XvArz1Wv/z/XvBsfzpE9ALQ/v248GXwRu/Dgw8DYF789X+DPvpi33/Mj4d4ySIU7TKE3zmSCUVC4UCdLvdsM2oLob9QqPgeZ72UTs65S700VarVXAcB46OjmB+fj5i8F3XHUslLYlyuRzxC3ueB3fu3DEyZK7rgm3bYTsmqaZWKpXAtm0ol8uR7cvLy1Cv18cej0ajAUtLS3B4eAiO4ySme09Kue3Mwf0QpoxxaohOfSxuP1UroyFeVK0M/cL0OH58nI8ZQYUy/hBNDDfTtZfvGwf0reGL+7q4ohU93klQK6P7qLIW3f7GG2+E75NU0HRhZLQd1FdK6+KKXOhvbbfbkfPR30ePpb5GXh6WQ9vEj1NMHQx9wbR8fN9sNsPPtm1r+0uh9dPjaJn0OuI27uOEBDU1up3Wh3557COHjj9tm9KMBx9vWr8ivwFgvUpzP+I+On60Hjzm5ZdfDrfRew3HiZf7qAEJ9wsi2g7CSLRaLbh48aLRDO8skOf++r4PR0dHZ3Jp/qhiYh9z63YQ8ovrunBwcJBLQ3QS5Lm/nudBuVwWw/sIIjNfQRCECWNiH2XmKwiCkAGZGN+shXXS1IPQbLutG8miOls3Ro94iIsFpr/2YmZSGjxDwZxxhVzAsH2YlZaELsMqL+iu0zjZcBRfI3CTBG0LRn9Q6PXA9zSSYGFhIazT5B5JwyTup7NKJsYXeokNv/9jECZG43l/86/8SD2f3o2GmOn4/R/771GL4cN28P61twB+9QuzJIof/yBInsA2fno3CD1LOvdcP8Y+Fbu7u2DbdvgIeaXUQJjO8fHx0CUNp1QqGT3RttPpjO3bPDg4ANu2E8ODqOZAHCbtPSm4AePw69TtdmFzczOxz6YUCoUBDYY4LMsKY52VUrC2tjbwtGR6v1Sr1UgYH94XaepEho0RTOh+OqtkZnyzFtbBOnjSBefjnSCDjRryjd9Fs/F00Ky5cSmVSpEfVIYlZeSBubk5ODg44JsfCVo9bYE0FAoFqFQqIyVYjAoaehofjF8KlJO4X/yecI8wOpkYX57JhpymsA7uwwSLJx8LHhMPxF1x/16Q2fb0xf55CO0Db+fK1cHEDVzu8dewpTcPfufCMvgZM43oEnKql/FFl7F0eUkFTWhZunJx+zA8z4O5ublIcgUFxVN2dqIZMLgd69RBxxCPoWIsaIzocZi4QccEx1Q3Dp7nweLiYph6a4rnebC3twezs7MAZPx83w/Lb7Va4XZst+/7A24DU7a3tweSKIAZY36/UOLcG3iObuywHEyDxjZjH+l59H5C8R3sNzAxobRfdmeBTIwv51e/CAzXuzf727ZuBEt31HygPtY//6k/c+Wuh493AD79z+A8HajBwI+h7g46ywVIlo5MaielWq2GS0P66nQ6/FAAgFDDgObLu64Ly8vLoJSCcrkMruuGS3Pc3ul0oFwug1IKbNuGo6OjyJIS32OOfbfbDV0AdJnPyzWVhzw8PAxn6dz1gO+VUpFMONd1YWZmJnSxXL58eeCf0fd92N7eDo+hOgBKKWg0GuHnRqMRHre1tQXQy0TDMccx1Y1DqVSCZrMJlUoFlIFrB6/T5cuXQSkVZnrRsazX62FaLW7H/mIatBoxFXtmZoZvCtHdLxSdq2Fvbw8ajQZ0u11YXV0F3/dhfX09dK9YlgWe54Vp0Njn1dVVUD33C445HQO8x+bm5kApBZ7nwcOHD8N+8y+AbwK5ML6nKazzYTuo78J3+Z7RSGonJe3MF292mi+vE5ZB8Oa2ek/3ReKWwaaCOdQ3+/nnn0f26dja2gr7trm5GXE9bG9vw9LSEkBPPAe5c+dOOGMslUpQqVQGhFTihGA6nQ5YlgWdTgeq1SocHR3ByspKWFan0wE/QajFdBziaDab0O12jTULEBT+QZ9rrVaDxcVFfthYJN0vcVQqFSiVSlAoFMIvbxNhHGUoDIRfzIeHh7C5uQlTU1PhSuObRi6ML8LdEZMW1kFWrgYzX679oOPCc/ryt270Z9y6dnLSznyRer0e+cGCC8vkCd/3YW1tLdI/nethGHE/0OiEYDqdDuzv78MU+QWf60vACQu1FAoFmJ+fH5hZmoBL+rm5uYFZ6DDm5+fDWSbFdd1wlTKJ+wXdAypBGGcUYSDHcSLX5JtGrowv5SSEdShv/DoqskN/AKTnrVwNfL5Uwez+PYDdD4N9ce08CXTCMnliZ2cHLl6MOsip66FQKITtpzPb+fn5iOzi/v7+gHGME4LBX/vb7TYcHByExyGu64bGHNvhnYBQS71eh62trYi7hM4C42Z2R0dHYNv2QH9NwBk7vQ9wOV8qlca6X/zeD2rVanWoMA72OY0w0OzsbMSllqZtZwYu9mDKGKeGnKawDhW+QbFzFFtHER0U1cHjqbgOLYOL7vB2jgMVTUExGQoXjMHji8ViRESFvr9582b4PkkwhwqpxJV7+/ZtBUw8R5F2U7EYKo6CgttUIIZup/1GkRgu7MKFYOLO0x3HhVqSBInoPjwvrr94Pq+j2+1Gxg2Pn5ubC9ugmCAR9pee5zjOUGEfek/Q8ef72j3hefxM7wvsA60bRW50wjjdnug7lkuvFbaDbqPbEd7PswQkXC9E0ouFkXBd90RCmPJK1v1t5VjYRxjExD6K8RVS4ft+6D/9JpCH/rquCw8fPky1rBeyxcQ+ivEVBEGYMCb2Mbc/uAmCIJxlxPgKgiBkQCbGdxxVM0wdfvKxaPgXhZZLn61Gz3uSpBPrEBWz4dD0UJO6Jk1c/ZjKqhszmvZrguk4JsHTh3lYFb2+2CeM08X6MR543LZwxrn+wpjw8AdTxjhV/fJaP9zLXoqGZ3303vBwrXeu98PK4uDl0u2qVw8PGUNe+r7+uW/8eW/IO9f1dZli23YklKndbkc+5zkMp9lshuFcWRBXv24bQsOoThoM1UMw5IzCr2+lUtE+k63ZbA6EkiWRNAbCycKvsY5MZr4wIVWzk0BUzIRJgasXUR0TdGRifHkaMWKqasYxPU4HnotuBVExS6dixolrrx+j7qWrj46diZhPElgPVRGDXjYebSc9Fus1Hcc4RHVMSCIT48tJq2pGMT1Ox1dfBOnBqA+BacWiYmauYkZJai/EqHvx+vwY9bJR4SpimKSAilqWZYFLtBAUURczHcckRHVMiCMXxjetqhnF9DiEPmHi3ON9F8crPwukKodhWl/ame+jqmJGSWpvHLy+OPWytHCjhypiCKqqNRoNuHPnjrG6mOk4mjDKeInq2NkhF8YX4e4IE7UwiDnu3DTAV4FUakjSY38QUTEbj0m0V6deFsf58+e1xlmnbJYELt1HUReLQ1THhCRyZXwpOrUwfOH+uOMAAJ55PpiZUoP70yrAizHiUe/eDPaJipkZtVotbM/cXCAzF9deE3UvJE69LI5SqQR7e3uR0LxarRa2aRhra2uwvLw8lrpYHKI6JiTCwx9MGePUkLSqZu9c76uOJR2H4PG6fYqoms0QpTNEVMyC4+JUzJrNZlgOhbdXMfUqnboXV9LSqZLR9xyqDMaPo/1CqPoYjvkwdbGkccTj4qBjMmy8dGOPdSpRHXtkgIT7ARFtB8EIN2NVL8hJG+IQ1TGBYmIfc+t2EPIB+kKzNnqWZYWPGsobruvCwcGBGF4hFTLzFQRBmDAm9lFmvoIgCBkgxlcQBCEDMjG+p6lqhq80IWFbN6Lnbd1IfhhnkjpaEjR9k754WM8UUzkzwUStynXdgawqU2ha8NSIqcjjQFNq6SttVl4cmCRjMu48vdfvpVJTFhYWwutK03qBXAe8H0zqNAVV0YQcwsMfTBnj1FNXNfvsrnlYGIafIRiulnQuD31Lg06Vi35uNpunpsCVFgxnyhJ6H2LI1aSwmdqcDgxbw7A6DFmj17Db7Q6UE9fOSqUycGwS/N4R8kHc9aVkMvOFU1Y1e+rZIHGCZ7zpePcmwG/+tf955Wr0s44kLYhRoMHw1WpVfkU3BFOIh834J8na2ho4jgOlUgmgp8fAf2gpFAoTTd5AWq3WqfZVmCyZGF+eRoyclKoZykQ+83zwGd0S9+/13Rg0fZgrlNEvBOqSQFfExu8ih8cuiaeGqEN5nqcVUcflNF2WogoVEEUqPNdErYwuq3XljrJ8T2ov1l+r1RLro2PHl+7DWF9fh2KxCIVCISwHl9xYD91uWRYsMFW4OO0NHb7vw97enjYEDr9Ah/VH5944Pj4Oz8H7hbqo3F56MmouTLFrPTVElQ37Tc9J029hQvCpsCljnBoBhcrxhYLl71zvZ7398lrUzUDdDnHH8XI5tK6Xvt/PoOPZbJTP7vZdDEli7GnATDF84ZKz2+2G2UaYoaRIxla32w0zkHBZS5eg9PoAyfCiQt10WU3LdRzHKKOJuh2S2ot1OI4TtjGuPurGwP1J0LHjS3AqPo7uANxOy+bjoBsfHVhmUhvj+kOvD68fz3EcJ2w/Hk/HnPYPsx9xO44Ff0/b4DhOWK9t20bXXDCDXt84Mpn5ck5K1ey1twA+bOv1eUfhPw6C8p98DODnPwkkKXViPWlnvigkQ/Pzk9S9ms0mFAoFmJmZAcdxQreErmyEq4fpwHJhBGGapPbGwevzfR+63W44VtArdxiqpwZnqucAPXUwrNtEFWwURu0P6j3U6/WwPWqIKlkaVTbs9yiqasLkyIXxRbg7wkQ9DIYc99SzABe+a/aMtUtzgUHlkQ337/WjJV54qV/Xg6/17hP0++leSf5b/gSLNOpeeWAS7S0Wi5EyTH2l9XodGo3GUIOvA5f0KkEVTEehUIBisQg7O4OhMLisH7U/nGGqZPiFn1aVbRKqasJo5Mr4UnTqYWlUzSivvw3wyQfRWSr9kQxny089G8y+f/6T/j7oqaFt/C4wzp+83y+H+6gnSVp1r9MEfbUAED6pIa691AAPm1nhsej/5D7wYWxvb0fC9M6fPx++T5pxDlMFS2J7extWV1cjPvJarQaNRmPs/riuC7Zth2OapEo2iirbOKpqwgTgfghTxjg15KRUzXTlfvRe1K9MfcJ4PPqAqdoZ3c73DQt3GwZXx+JwdS/6me+j26laFfpWi0w9jKp08fPxPfoIuS8VfZ3A7gHeJsV82tiWpaWl2Pqo4hj6NrF9FNoGYP5brEv17lNaN6qpYd0qRhWMjg+2iY8DQtsMTAFO1x96fWjd6GvGz/SeoOfgPjoG9D0eE3e9qW8Xj6X1C+MDBvZRtB2Eobg5UBNr5UA1LA/jIDwamNjH3LodhHyQBzUxNweqYXkYB+FsITNfQRCECWNiH2XmKwiCkAFifAVBEDIgE+PLVc3iYnAxbThOvYyCab9JYH0A/RRhmiZMU4f//m+T2wasDIgJc0NqLw/GD5tAEzbiQs1wf5owpjTEqXCNA/YrKY0Z42+TjtGl5+YFmhJMlcUw1ZmOKd9nyiRUy3haMg85wzEGzTXB+vF6jtsWDqrEnUl4+IMpY5w6oGoWl6abJpzLXhpUSNMxQ1KNL1nRMDLFVNXsJX0InE4lDUPW4rCXButKAw8RQjCU66TDhMa53jow7TUufAuh6b5x0PTc02RY21WMap1KOJemQZ8GGIKIYEgehd93cdeEpjubEDcGZwE+hjoymfkCUTU7Nx2k/3IN360bQTZZGi48F6QbnzS/vR60jaqvPfh6uLqZLhvOFMdxIo/yRo6Pj2NTTvPMwcEBXLt2LZL2/Cjh9x7d/iiDqwWavLG7uwu2bZOjguzBSXMWxm9cMjG+PI34hy8B7H5IjwjkH89NR7fxZT7y8U5geFeuBhloHFQuS3IhJMHdE5+838+wo1B1MzwHXRFc+QzYco++4pb0tm1Hlte+78MTTzwROYarXwERPnddN1xSUneGbtkYt/yly3ysCzPe6HLUhEKhAJZlDZyD7eVLWNw+pRGcR2i/0vQf4SpftF90O37hpe0zB8uv1WowxVw7vG3UXeH7ftgHrlqG58aNEbK9vR1mKFKoMebjQaH1U/AcHH861nHjp7tvqbtLN070nEfRNZGJ8eWghCOm6t6/N2h433w1SP198HUw66Qz5T//qT8L5fs+3gH49D+D80bh3ZvBua+9BfDWa/3t039Dj4ry4x8Egj4Pvg5Sl+N8vbu7u4B59fQVN9O4du0abG9vh593dnYG0klXV1dBKQXdbhe2trYAAODWrVuhJgDepOVyGbrdLiilQvEWqgkQNyOtVqvhzKher0OlUoHFxUXY398Hx3Hg8PCQnzKA53mwtLQEAADLy8tw69atyP7Lly+DUgoajUbYNt/3YXl5ORyj/f197ZdUuVwOj1ldXQXf94367/eePoF1lMtlcF03HIe1tTUIVpN9wRwI1pahlu8oYPlzc3Nh+YhSCjqdDrRaLWi1WmHfHMeBnZ0dKBQK4TXD9zhe3W439hpSZmZm+KYQ3XhQaP3I3t4eNBoN6Ha74fivr69Ds9kEpVT4ZcvHT3ffUq0JPk6e58HDhw9BKQXNZnPgC+BRIBfGFwBg4UfBch56y3ouqP7628Hre98ZnN1+8kF/pvnJ+1HXwx/eD8qGXhkmUMOKSmvYHhMth78cAfzoctCer74Ivhx0pJ35YpIBzrR0ymNKo341MzMDxWIRZmdnYXd3F3zfB8uywvLUiCI4CFcnG8atW7fg8uXLMDU1FRpupNVqhca9VCqFQjdHR0eRWdra2tqAVgQaRRxH6J1n2v8klS9qCL780kCVfwjc6PEvUfwCXltbg4ODA6hWq7CxsQELCwta9xNSqVTCc+NEeExJGo84KpUKlEolKBQKYNs2HB0dGanG6e5bHThOh4eHsLm5Gd5DceXmmdwY3ziXAYKRCO+0or7g+/cAXqlFlcaSyqF8+3GA4wfRbV/+V/SzjqcvBkadQ6MyaHvijH7amS+QmWKr1QpnjxRLo35Vr9dBKQVra2vhMrbT6ZCzTpeZmZlIf3Wuh2FQ0RyKTkUsTf8nrfJ1/vx57ZLY5EuKgm6PRqMBjuPw3SMxPz8fzjIpbk+sHSY0HugeUAmqcbr7dhiO40Su9aNGbowv9GaZ3/tO4APmfHo3WPrzH60+aAVqYxTqejg33Vc948v/C9+NuhLu3wuO5U+ygJ7x//bjQf1v/Dow8NS98ear/Rn20xf7/mV8WsakqFarsL+/D9vb2wPLXfwn5+pXtVoNPM+D3d1d6HQ6AzNoz/PA8zxjFbBx8DxvwE9NXQ/nz5+PqKPhjAZV07DNh4eHsLy8TEqJV0Uz7f9JqHyVSiXY29uL+OprtZqx9nCj0YClpSU4PDyMPK5oEuCXPO0nLudLpdJY4+H3flCrVqtDVePi7tskZmdnIyuANG3LDTz8wZQxTg2h6mOqF8KFYWdcdQwVzWa+FRxDVcdoiBdVL8MwNayH/kX4Ey94OBjWxcPhMNwMXzQkje8bB6pWhaE5DnnyA+6DnpqWTv3Ktu0whAjL0Klt0fLw+ErvyQp4HFcuw/dcnYzWhdBjKLwd9Dga+kQV0uhY4LZ2u63tV5r+c5UvOo5YBrYH9w1TPeMKbPQ4Wj5C+4khdLy9AKDeeOONcBtXLcP3eP0h4f+V9pmHivHxoNf89u3bkToVUZUD9sQM3Ibl4RM5sFx6j2E76DbdOPH7L09Awngjou0gnBjuN0wFLM/9beVAFe6bhIl9zJXbQTg7WN8wFbA899fNgSqcMIjMfAVBECaMiX2Uma8gCEIGiPEVBEHIgEyM7yRVzTB1OOk4rIfWdf9e9LwnHwvC3OLAtjz5WND2JAWzrRvxfRoGT83kYHolT72dFDR9GCagmkVTYmm41WlBE1l06a68b7iPb0+iVquN1TfaHqun4sWv/8LCQhhORdNugdSP8bTjtIUz7vUXEuDhD6aMcerEVc3euT78uDjFMzzvo/fi2/HS9/XhaTwsDcGHfY6KbduR8CcKJIQ0TQp7wiphcSpYp0Vcf+LGMa061zhgCBmOD4al0bZ1u92B9sf9/1UqlYFjk4gbA2E84q4PJZOZL5yQqtlJ8PFOkC78+z/2t238rp92HEeS9sMwZmZmoFwuD8xgaOqtcDZYW1uLJE8UCoWBH2oKhcJA+vEkaLVa2uw74XTIxPhOWtWMQ10EacFz0a3wh/eDLwcO7QOvb+XqYJYcLuf5S6cWBQCwtLQUEdGBnnwk1QTgy1XEsiywLAtc1w3/uejy2/f98DMucXXLVSx/VNUsHbTN2D4sF4ibYlh92P648TOF1mNZVmSJjXXo3BVYL7bNI8pcLUOVN9/3YW9vTxuihtlefLw4tH7k+Pg4PAevPx6H5XieF2oiTDHlMDwv7vrTcZrUdfgmkonx5YyrakbZuhGc++Dr4Pgk3yznqy8CqUjUh8B05CSdXtP6qtUqKI2OQ5zGAM6E8J/H18hH6tSiPM+DlZUV2N/fD9MvXdeF+fl5UEqBbduws7MTydNHdTIOVa3C92lVszhcdQxi1NSS6nOHqG2lgdazv78fjoupOhcdu1FV3qan2c1O4OOF9wOiu3ZbW1ugeupn+IXFVcNKpRI0m02oVCqgeqI2pqppOE6TvA7fRHJhfGFMVTPKp3cDGcgnHwv+/mWIRAE18uce79f7ys/i1cgopvWlnflCT/NgfX0doGdo+dJTpxY1PT0Nq6ursL6+DoqodV25EnzDbWxsjJWFNY5qlh+jOpaErr5R1LZ00FVEpVKJJCGMqs4FI6i8xTHKeEHPlQE9w4ztRAMbpxqWRjUN+zap6/BNJTfGd1RVMx2vvdVXFPv3vwbbzk0HrgyKiTzkhef07dq60Z996+rjpJ35Qu+cJLV/XEoqohaFPsO5uTmYIsvOScggTgKd6tgopFHbmpmZgePj48g2PoM0QTfe41AoFKBYLMLOzqDgMy7rJzVe1hDVMG9E1bQ010GIkhvjCyOomtVe7i/z8ckSF57rq5jhMQAAzzwfzEypwf1pFeDFmHv53ZvBvpWrgc+XhrHdvxf4qFeuxtc3KRzHAcuytPKROrUor/cAxGq1Co7jwNHREczPz0cEy3F5SGdBSTO5UZkivkicRYJGdSytmlpatS1UwKIGt1wuh6uBJPwU6lyjsL29DaurqxGfba1Wg0ajETtepriuC7Zth/1OUg0bRTUt7XUQGDz8wZQxTg0ZV9UMj+EPrqTl0pAvWgbfp3ohcLgPQ+EQWiYPSYurbxS4chaqPymm4lSpVLRqUbdv3x4oQ2nUqXTlAVPHunnzZvh+FNUsLJOGPnF1LoS3Y25uLrY+pekPlhsXZkWVwuhxVHGMKmOZqnO9/PLL4ba4MYpTeUPomODxun04XlTtS9dO/EzD5XSqYbTvvB4YoprGy8UyhADQ/D9wRNtBmAitnKhmuTlWFstz24TJYmIfc+V2EB5N3ByoZmEoVF6Nm5Vj1TMhG2TmKwiCMGFM7KPMfAVBEDIgE+M7SWEdBEPRksD6gGXL4SsucUOHCO2MxwIRitGBoU9x/QaWgZc3sG38lZTxlgYMezMpj7bFEuGe/MB/gTNljFMnLqyjeuXEiedQZsgz1S5ZfXEcjISIE8uhiNDO+MRFSFAc8qy6OJrN5on3X0e73TYaE9pHjICYFCaCRSLckw1x40fJZOYLJySsc+G5IB54FDCzjT9KniNCO+PT6j32vlKpGM3c8giNbzUF44pHSfAYFRHuyS+ZGN9JC+t8vBMY3rgsOdT8TVr64z7UmXiS6Puiu+L+PRHamdIIreDxpsv/g4MDKJVKkUfGU7BdHF3fODqhF5P+A7smXoJQTq1Wg729PVhcXDTuM/RSxIvFIhQKhcj4QYygkNUTsIm7rsPwRbgn12RifDnjCuv8+U/9mSvf9/EOwKf/GZyn40eXAyPJj/nNv/bf01kuiNBO5L1O+GYY+IWhS59eWFgIU1apxoBlWdDtdkH1RFx0fkJXI/Ri2n/f92F7exuUUtBut2F5eTlWKGdjYwMqlQo0m83ErDEEDQ4AhNeXjiXECAqhgI3uuqZBhHvySS6ML4wprPPJB/2Z5ifvR10Pf3g/KBt6ZXA+bAdpyxe+y/eMhgjtJON5HqyurkYMEhoT3/eh0+mEXzSoMYAGAeOIr127pk2H1gm9mPb/6OgonKVdvnwZut1uWO+4QjlocObm5viuWKiAje66TgJfhHsyJTfGN85lgMQJ69y/B/BKrS9sg3KQaVi5Gsx8UUIyCRHaGY/Dw8NIf5vNptb1kAT+c+rgQi9p+m/bdqRtSfWkpV6vQ6PRGJhZmqC7riYURLgn1+TG+MIIwjoAAB+0AC6xCQV1PZyb7gvfJBnXN34N8NZr/c/4gyCw80RoZzz4zJF+oRQKBeh2u6GvGWc6aASxnZ7naX9o1Am9mPb/4sWLsLm5GfFhjmIok9je3o74iE0FhXTX1RQR7skxPPzBlDFODRlXWIfuRz56r78dw9SwHv4XXxj2hsI62AasB4+nIXEitKMXkYkT2qEiLjRUidZJBXJoG9rtduR87D89FkPSeL/a7bZx/2k/bNuOfOZCOfjZtu2h/QUieoPHougN7o8TFOLt0gn66MLHKCLcc/qAgX2U9GLhRGjlRGjntMhDf10R7skNJvYxV24H4Wzg5kBo5zTJQ38tEe555JCZryAIwoQxsY8y8xUEQcgAMb6CIAgZkInxnaSqGaYOJx2H9dBXmhAwjDHG87ZuJIetYVpyWjCeU5e9BSwx4ySg6Z6I1VPBGgXsT1KfThJaP76SkljSgqmvJtC2uK6rDWWb6qUyJ10HTNGdJKhaJpwyPPzBlDFOnbiq2TvXhx9HFc8+u2seBobhZwiGvCWdy58plwZ83heG9VAqlUqsutmkmLRK2KTLSwuvH8OnJoXJ/4HNVOkwdIyGTjWbzcg15+1GMHzLlLah+powWUyuUSYzXzghVTNTnno2qJM/Sl7HuzejOg8rV6OfdSRpP5jgOE6YRoz4vp/pr+lnhZWVlYEZ50ni955+THUv6vV6RNcBeskmJ3F9R1FfE06HTIzvpFXNOFxVjIOykM88H3ymqmXoxqDpwlyR7O+u9LUnqEsCXREbv4scHi4jdS+dIbhy5cpAGvHOzs5AVhtV5sIMplpPXL3VaoVLSequwCUvHoNpn7rsIbqsxvd4PG5PC1epws8+U1NLqo/2J63IzOrqKszPzwMQVwAfB9xOx5K7DUzZ2dkJlcwo1Wo1zPYa1h+de0PnouKqYTWmvkbvQxx/LMcjKm603/ScNP0WhpOJ8eWMq2pGSVIV+9UvAiP5858E+7Feqlr2+ttRycikWSymFT/4OpgN0/RkCuoL6F78nxJxHCfRD4f/pIrpI/i+D0opaDQa4edGowGqp9a1tbUVUaoqlUqxufY0lx7fo8rUKFq8rkalKk5NLa4+X6M+NozNzc3QgLTb7TARIW4ccDuOZbVaHVDtSkOSn9mkP3GaBqqnBYJftFw1jKuv6dTR6Bjo+j1M9UwYnVwYXxhT1YySpCr22luBiplOj3cU/uMgKB8N+ldf9L9AKGlnvtCb/aIBbbVaAwH0pVIJdnd3oVarweLiYri90+mAZVnQ6XSgWq3C0dERrKyshOckCfeYQJfPn3/+eWTfMEZRqeL1JamPxYGCOcViMZW2ADWEaohq16iM0h/oGUrouRUODg6MVMNM1dGw3/6IqmeCGbkxvqOqmulIUhV76tlAPjIuwoJyaS4wqDyy4f69/oz6hZeiimpc+AdGnPkWCoVwdoLi4xQ06HNzcxH/YafTgf39fZgiYuhczCZLJqFSNar62Pb29shRF8NUu+KYnZ2Fvb29AYOKy3wYoz8UdJskqYahW0GlUEeblOqZMEhujC+MoGpWe7lvBC881/87TFXs9bcDDWA6S6XuBZwtP/Vs0Kaf/6S/DwDgp9XAr3tpLvjCwHLefFU/8x2VRqMBy8vLkadVIEdHR2Db9sA/g2VZUCgUoN1uw8HBQajWheA/PP0HN5mBpqVWq4V+ZNSxjVOpSqOmNo76WKlUgkKhEHHnmIwDlp+k2hVHqVQC27ahXC5HtqNY+zj9gd49srS0ZKQallYdDccGxyut6pkwBB7+YMoYp4aMq2qGx/DQLq4qRj//8lpwDFU/++zuYH24XZFwM3o8QvcNC3cbBlWvwjCkYrEYPuAQ92EoGr5H5SfHcSIKXnFqXYqEtAFR1KIqU47jRJSq8BiudHX79m0FTCmLlk+Vr1SMShUtj6t78fq63a62P/Q9wtXWENzWbDa147C0tBSpT8WodtFtWE6c8hbtA7D/Hd4frtZG61Hs2uG461TDmkx9bZg6GlUWw37zcgUzwMA+iraDMBHcHChqZd0G3/fh6OhoYDUifPMwsY9ifIWx8H0/9AtmiWVZsL29nbjsPkk8z4Pl5eWxf9AUzgYm9lGMryAIwoQxsY+5+sFNEAThm4IYX0EQhAzIxPhmqWqGdd2/Fz3vycf0amQ8dZjzve8M70PcuUnQxIy40CPcf1LhPzyt1e2lJo8CTROmZZ4WPNGFhnbFjSPu49uTGFUFDlOD4+rCa6FLA49Dp1a2sLCQqgzhBOHhD6aMcWrmqmZ8u+qFnsW145KlLx/D1XTlIvZSNDQtLcAeKIgMC22aFONcZw59+GdW6PrTbDZjx7FSqQyE0Z0UlUplIDRPESUz3X2QBgxZFE4e3X3GyWTmCxmrmqXlhReDxAueQPHnP5mlKuuy3kxxHEebLnp8fDzxVFchW1Dwh2tm7OzsgG3bkW2jUCgUJAwuR2RifLNWNUsCz+WZcS+8CPCBfkUYwkXXQaNwBkyNjL7ilvS2bUeWj77vwxNPPBE5hi6fsRxc6ruuGy416fJ7YWEh/Ixpt3Fi3a2e8laLKHy1Wq3weG4wTMAy8XxaLradqozp6qP9iRs/U7AequoFvS86rEPnrsB6qZuGtnMqhYj78vJyKJIUB+0zlov1YduxfScxTsJkyMT4ck5L1WwYX30RpCc/+DpIG6a+WkxJRrZuALzIJhHvbgTCPXh+HLu7u6A0Og9xCQLXrl2D7e3t8PPOzs7ADEanunXr1q1QiwCNRrlchm63C0qpMJWXakNQIRtKtVoNZ1+ofrW4uAj7+/vgOA4cHh7yUxLxNWpew1TGdPVNUnVLp+oFALC1tQWqpxaGX2K68aZaFTiOa2trEKxC+9cgiWq1GrkGnucNiCrp1MnwnLm5ufBeovoNkxwnYTLkwvjCKama6aBG/tzj/Xpf+VngVqBQ98indwfdCf/+V4DjB8Nn3Glnvphjj7MYnVCO0qhuzczMQLFYhNnZWdjd3QW/9xgaLE+NKOKCNJvN8Hxdm5IYRc2L1+dPUHVrerp/I3BZR9SjqNfr4ReWbrx1UIP85ZcG6v09wXe8F27dujWQOJKkTsa/lEHUyXJLbozvSauanZsefHIF9+EOA90jH+/0hXwoP/4BwL/8c1BvEmlnvkCWo61Wa0BUHWJUt+r1OiilYG1tLXQr5CkDaxJqXmlVt4rF4oCRPz4+jnw2QTfek+LKlSuwtbUFvu9rRZXQpaBEneyRJjfGF05Y1eyZ54OZMDW4P60Oug6Qd28O7kP3yFuvDc7MoaeGRoXZJwkuR3UptGhMuOpWrVYDz/Ngd3cXOp3OwAza8zzwPA/Onz8fnnMSMyL01UJv+QsJ6mQmKmPIKKpb5XI5EmrleR7cuXPHyPC7rgu2bceO96QoFApQLpehXC7DlSvsMSqiTnZ24OEPpoxxashpqZohtAy+TzGFMgyFo21QLKwN2zHTU0uj9V6y4kPXTKCqZajW5ThOGG6E+6CnXqVT3bJtO1TqwjLiVKpwGx7PVbu48ha+p9sx/I2ri9G+UHiZKkZtjaqM8fp0/cH2xUGV3+hxtGz6MEvaHkQ33nQb3U7riwsRpOeq3nXC+uj5cepkvI1cCU43TsLJAQn3HyLaDsLEcTNWF4PeLO/ixYtGM9rTxhf1szOPiX3MldtBePSxLGvg1/nTxnVdODg4yKXh9TwPyuWyGF5BVM0EQRAmjYl9lJmvIAhCBojxFQRByAAxvoIgCBkgxlcQBCEDxPgKgiBkgBhfQRCEDBDjKwiCkAFifAVBEDJAjK8gCEIGiPEVBEHIgLHSiwVBEAQ9w0zryMZXEARBGB1xOwiCIGSAGF9BEIQMEOMrCIKQAWJ8BUEQMkCMryAIQgaI8RUEQcgAMb6CIAgZIMZXEAQhA/4/wl8FOBfTJSEAAAAASUVORK5CYII=\" width=\"351\" height=\"187\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOur study reveals that a striking 80% of adolescents and young people in Guinea's Bok\u0026eacute; region perceive FGM as a necessary tradition. This strong support reflects deep-rooted social norms where FGM is often seen as a rite of passage guaranteeing social acceptability. This aligns with findings from a 2015 survey in The Gambia, where high school students supported FGM for socio-cultural reasons [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast, a study among Nigerian university students found only 16.8% willing to continue the practice, suggesting that higher (tertiary) education may promote its rejection [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The limited secondary education level in our sample (42%) may contribute to the predominance of traditionalist views.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA key and surprising finding is that support for FGM is significantly higher in urban areas (87%) than in rural areas (65%). This contradicts the common assumption that urban settings, with better access to education and information, would foster opposition. This trend could be explained by stronger community pressure and the desire to maintain cultural identity in heterogeneous urban environments, a phenomenon observed in migrant communities in Australia [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, support for FGM increases with age and education level (up to high school), with 93% of high school students supporting the tradition. This paradox\u0026mdash;where secondary education appears to reinforce traditionalism\u0026mdash;differs from findings in Nigeria where higher education reduces support [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. It may be linked to increased exposure to cultural expectations and social pressure during late adolescence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender dynamics also play a crucial role, with women (86%) being stronger proponents of FGM than men (73%). This highlights the complex role of women as \"guardians of tradition,\" an aspect also noted in studies in Belgium [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe correspondence analysis provided deeper insights into these perceptions. Among those favoring abandonment, young married urban women emerged as the strongest opponents, a critical finding for identifying potential change agents. For those who support FGM, the analysis revealed a significant conflict: young, single urban men ('MaJeUbCe') support the tradition while simultaneously acknowledging it as a violation of human rights. This internal conflict suggests an awareness of international human rights norms clashing with local cultural pressures. This finding is consistent with a recent analysis of the 2022 Tanzania DHS, which found that 38% of unmarried urban young men recognized FGM as a human rights violation, even if community norms supported it [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths and Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe primary strength of this study lies in its sophisticated methodological approach. The use of Correspondence Factorial Analysis (CFA) provides a nuanced, multi-dimensional understanding of perceptions that goes beyond simple bivariate associations, revealing complex and even conflicting attitudes within specific subgroups. These insights are supported by a large and statistically robust sample (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,623) gathered through a methodologically sound three-stage stratified sampling technique, which enhances the representativeness of the findings for the Bok\u0026eacute; region. Consequently, the study generates novel and counter-intuitive evidence\u0026mdash;notably the paradoxical finding that FGM support is higher among urban and more educated youth\u0026mdash;that challenges conventional assumptions and holds significant implications for public health policy in a critical, high-prevalence area.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, the study's limitations must be acknowledged, chief among them being its cross-sectional design, which precludes any inference of causality and can only establish associations. For instance, it identifies a link between secondary education and FGM support but cannot explain the causal pathway. Secondly, given that FGM is a sensitive and normative topic, the self-reported data may be subject to social desirability bias, potentially affecting the accuracy of responses. Furthermore, while the findings are robust for the Bok\u0026eacute; region, their generalizability to other cultural contexts is limited. Finally, the reliance on quantitative data, while powerful for identifying trends, does not fully capture the \"why\" behind these complex perceptions; complementary qualitative research would be necessary to explore the underlying cultural reasoning and personal motivations. Also, future longitudinal studies could track how perceptions evolve over time and in response to specific interventions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003ePerceptions of FGM in the Bok\u0026eacute; region are shaped by a complex interplay of residence, age, gender, and education. Our findings challenge the linear narrative that modernization and education automatically lead to the abandonment of harmful practices. Instead, we observe a reinforcement of tradition among urban, educated adolescents. However, the emergence of critical awareness, particularly among young urban men who recognize the practice as a human rights violation, provides a crucial entry point for intervention.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of respondents still consider FGM a necessary tradition, reflecting the resilient influence of local culture. Future policies must move beyond generic awareness campaigns. They should be highly targeted, with different strategies for rural adolescents (who are more receptive to abandonment) and for urban youth (where deconstructing social pressures is key). Empowering key profiles, such as married urban women and conflicted urban men, as community advocates could be a powerful strategy to promote the gradual abandonment of FGM.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAdo/Jeu\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdolescents and young people\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAFC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCorrespondence Factor Analysis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCERFIG\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGuinea Infectious Diseases Research and Training Centre\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eDSSR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSexual and Reproductive Health Rights\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eEDS\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic and Health Survey\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eFGM\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale Genital Mutilation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eWHO\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWorld Health Organisation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eUGANC\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGamal Abdel Nasser University of Conakry\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eGBV\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGender-Based Violence\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eUNICEF\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnited Nations International Children's Emergency Fund\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no particular or competing interests in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors would like to thank Expertise France and the Guinea Infectious Diseases Research and Training Centre for their technical and financial support during the data collection surveys.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe French Embassy in Guinea for organising the writing workshops, the French Development Agency and Expertise France through the Centre for Research and Training in Infectious Diseases in Guinea for funding the doctoral student\u0026apos;s research project.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTDR: Who awarded an additional grant to support the research.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancement\u0026nbsp;:\u003c/strong\u003e We received the grant from Expertise France through CERFIG for the implementation of the SRHR project in the Bok\u0026eacute; region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions:\u003c/strong\u003e YY designed the study, developed the protocol, collected the data, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSS supervised the implementation and corrected the first draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCHG, GACG, Analysed the data.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe other authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e We received a grant from Expertise France through CERFIG for the implementation of the SRHR project in the Bok\u0026eacute; region.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMutilations g\u0026eacute;nitales f\u0026eacute;minines [Internet]. [cit\u0026eacute; 3 juin 2025]. Disponible sur: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.who.int/fr/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHassfurter K. Female Genital Mutilation: A global concern [Internet]. UNICEF DATA. 2024 [cit\u0026eacute; 8 juill 2025]. Disponible sur: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-a-global-concern-2024/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-a-global-concern-2024/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eatzatzev, UNICEF DATA. Female genital mutilation: A new generation calls for ending an old practice [Internet]. 2020 [cit\u0026eacute; 3 juin 2025]. Disponible sur: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-a-new-generation-calls-for-ending-an-old-practice/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://data.unicef.org/resources/female-genital-mutilation-a-new-generation-calls-for-ending-an-old-practice/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHawkins SS. Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting Related to Reproductive Health Needs During Pregnancy and Birth. J Obstetric Gynecologic Neonatal Nurs juill. 2024;53(4):324\u0026ndash;37.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSanneh AB. The perception of high school students in The Gambia towards the practice of female genital mutilation. Intl J Gynecol Obste d\u0026eacute;c. 2021;155(3):541\u0026ndash;2.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRaheem KA, Udenze C, Odetokun IA. University female students\u0026rsquo; perception and prospective practice of female genital mutilation in Umudike, Southeast Nigeria. Afr J Reprod Health janv. 2023;27(1):54\u0026ndash;62.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDura MC, Akt\u0026uuml;rk H, Salih SMA, Aslan \u0026Ouml;, Herg\u0026uuml;ner M, Ekin M. Female genital mutilation and urinary incontinence: an analytical comparison with Sudan\u0026rsquo;s prevalent demography. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2024;70(8):e20231663.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eByard RW, Behnia-Willison F. Female genital mutilation \u0026ndash; An overview for forensic practitioners. J Forensic Legal Med janv. 2024;101:102624.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eO\u0026rsquo;Neill S, Pallitto C. The Consequences of Female Genital Mutilation on Psycho-Social Well-Being: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research. Qual Health Res juill. 2021;31(9):1738\u0026ndash;50.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEDS-2018-Indicateurs. -Cles.pdf [Internet]. [cit\u0026eacute; 3 juin 2025]. Disponible sur: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.stat-guinee.org/images/Documents/Publications/INS/rapports_enquetes/EDS-2018-Indicateurs-Cles.pdf\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.stat-guinee.org/images/Documents/Publications/INS/rapports_enquetes/EDS-2018-Indicateurs-Cles.pdf\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSawyer SM, Azzopardi PS, Wickremarathne D, Patton GC. The age of adolescence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health mars. 2018;2(3):223\u0026ndash;8.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eElneil S. Female sexual dysfunction in female genital mutilation. Trop Doct janv. 2016;46(1):2\u0026ndash;11.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLeye ANSER, Van Eekert E, Shamu N, Esho S, Barrett T. Debating medicalization of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C): learning from (policy) experiences across countries. Reprod Health d\u0026eacute;c. 2019;16(1):158.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAlmadori A, Palmieri S, Coho C, Evans C, Elneil S, Albert J. Reconstructive surgery for women with female genital mutilation: A scoping review. BJOG nov. 2024;131(12):1604\u0026ndash;19.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEstimation de la pr\u0026eacute;valence des filles. et femmes ayant subi ou \u0026agrave; risque de subir une mutilation g\u0026eacute;nitale f\u0026eacute;minine vivant en Belgique, 2018 -gams-MGF_Etude-\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ede-prev-longue-FR\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://de-prev-longue-FR\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSpatial. without Compromise \u0026middot; QGIS Web Site [Internet]. [cit\u0026eacute; 6 juill 2025]. Disponible sur: \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://qgis.org/\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://qgis.org/\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLibretti A, Bianco G, Corsini C, Remorgida V. Female genital mutilation/cutting: going beyond urogynecologic complications and obstetric outcomes. Arch Gynecol Obstet 27 janv. 2023;308(4):1067\u0026ndash;74.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGudeta TA, Regassa TM, Gamtessa LC. Female genital mutilation: prevalence, associated factors and health consequences among reproductive age group women in Keffa Zone, Southwest, Ethiopia. Reprod Health d\u0026eacute;c. 2022;19(1):60.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDura MC, Abaker Salih SM, Akt\u0026uuml;rk H, Aslan \u0026Ouml;. The Impact of Female Genital Mutilation on Sexual Function: A Study Conducted in Rural Sudan. Cureus d\u0026eacute;c. 2023;15(12):e51343.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAdam J, Charles P. Female genital mutilation and its associated factors among adolescent girls and young women in Tanzania: analysis of the 2022 Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey and Malaria Indicator Survey (2022 TDHS-MIS). BMC Public Health. 27 juill. 2024;24(1):2009.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable I:\u003c/strong\u003e Description of socio-demographic characteristics\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"604\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocio-demographic characteristics\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003en = 1.623\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of collection site\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Educational institution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.110 (68%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Housekeeping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e513 (32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of school\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Private\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298 (27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Public\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e812 (73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrefecture\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Boffa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274 (17%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Bok\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e623 (38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Fria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Gaoual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e261 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Koundara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244 (15%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea of residence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Rural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e520 (32%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Urban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.103 (68%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Feminine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e880 (54%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e743 (46%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Adolescent (10-14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1248 (77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Young (15-24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e375 (23%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003emedian age (Q1.Q3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.0 (15.0. 18.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Christian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Muslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.456 (90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.457 (90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSchool level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Secondary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e688 (42%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Higth school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e482 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Not attending school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Primary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Single\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.565 (96%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 463px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (3.6%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable II:\u003c/strong\u003e Description of young people\u0026apos;s and adolescents\u0026apos; perceptions of FGM\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"595\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePerception variables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en = 1.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall perception\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Practice of abandon\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e325 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Tradition necessary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.298 (80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCultural practices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e501 (31%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.122 (69%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSocial practices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.363 (84%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e260 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReligious practices\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.150 (71%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e473 (29%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eImpact on close relatives of victims\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; N\u0026eacute;gatif\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e511 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Positif\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e686 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePossibility of protecting one self\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.253 (77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e370 (23%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSeeking information may lead to refusal\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e690 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e933 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFGM is imposed on victims\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e571 (35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.052 (65%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoung people have the right to object\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e772 (48%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e851 (52%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupport in refusal leads to change\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e697 (43%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e926 (57%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCommunity awareness can curb FGM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e804 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e819 (50%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoung people must be educated about the dangers\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e480 (30%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.143 (70%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eYoung people must be educated about their rights\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e450 (28%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.173 (72%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFGM is a violation of women\u0026apos;s rights\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e793 (49%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 444px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 151px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e830 (51%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp id=\"_Toc203031202\"\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eI\u003c/strong\u003e: Bivariate analysis of soci-demographic characteristics of adolescents and youths according to FGM perception\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"605\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOverall perception\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCharacteristics perceptions\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTotal (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePractice to abandon\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTradition necessary\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ep-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en = 1.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003en = 325\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;n= 1.298\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of collection site\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Educational institution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.110 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e212 (19%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e898 (81%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Housekeeping\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e513 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113 (22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e400 (78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eType of school\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Private\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e298 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (8.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274 (92%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Public\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e812 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e188 (23%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e624 (77%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePrefecture\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Boffa\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e274 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (1.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e271 (99%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Bok\u0026eacute;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e623 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e238 (38%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e385 (62%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Fria\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e221 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (1.8%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e217 (98%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Gaoual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e261 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (10%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e234 (90%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Koundara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53 (22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191 (78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eArea of residence\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Rural\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e520 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e180 (35%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e340 (65%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Urban\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.103 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145 (13%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e958 (87%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSex\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Feminine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e880 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127 (14%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e753 (86%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Male\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e743 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e198 (27%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e545 (73%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReligion\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Christian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (18%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e137 (82%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Muslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.456 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e295 (20%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.161 (80%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEducate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; No\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (25%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125 (75%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.457 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e284 (19%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.173 (81%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSchool level\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Secondary school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e688 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e152 (22%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e536 (78%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;higth school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e482 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34 (7.1%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e448 (93%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot attending school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (25%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125 (75%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Primary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e287 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98 (34%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e189 (66%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMarital status\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.011\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Single\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.565 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e321 (21%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.244 (79%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Married\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e58 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (6.9%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54 (93%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAge group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;0.001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Adolescents\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e375 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122 (33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e253 (67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 217px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; Young people\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.248 (100%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e203 (16%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 95px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.045 (84%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable IV:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eResults of the linear log analysis on the relationships among the socio-demographic variables\u0026nbsp;with both perceptions of FGM:as a practice to be abandoned and as a necessary tradition\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"679\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 166px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAbandonment\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFGM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 166px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNecessity\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003etradition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"28\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFactors\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhi 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDDL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKhi 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDDL\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eP-value\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"29\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esex:age group\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3892,223\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15585,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"41\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esxe:zone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3907,412\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15797,35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;gender:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3582,644\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14847,93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3499,811\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14710,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egroup_age:zone\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3889,817\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15235,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3523,027\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13932,55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3498,846\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14245,3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezone:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3495,889\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14245,03\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ezone:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3517,722\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14479,43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e396\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eschool_level:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3185,756\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13501,42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e390\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:age_group:area\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2886,965\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11293,96\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:age_group:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2514,42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9971,472\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:age_group:Marital_status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2495,037\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10260,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:area:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2493,128\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10272,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esex:zone:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2513,768\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10493,18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:school_level:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2178,265\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9500,963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:area:school_level\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2428,791\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9363,465\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:zone:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2500,135\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9950,448\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e378\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:school_level:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2123,812\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8600,963\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n 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69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8936,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e360\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n 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10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:area:school_level:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1088,658\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4916,531\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.0001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eage_group:area:school_level:Situat_mat\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1029,561\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e270\u003c/p\u003e\n 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\u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"14\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 337px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003egender:age_group:area:school_level:Marital_status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 69px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 43px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 53px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 10px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd height=\"20\" style=\"width: 0px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Perceptions, Female genital mutilation, Adolescents, Young People, Guinea","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8595779/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8595779/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIntroduction:\u003c/strong\u003e Female genital mutilation (FGM) remains a deeply rooted tradition in Guinea, particularly in the Boké region. Recognized by the World Health Organization as a violation of human rights, this practice necessitates targeted interventions informed by a clear understanding of local perceptions. This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing how adolescents and young people (aged 10-24) perceive FGM in Boké.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethodology:\u003c/strong\u003e We conducted a cross-sectional study from November 20 to December 4, 2024, across nine localities in the Boké administrative region. A sample of 1,623 adolescents and young people was surveyed using standardized questionnaires administered via REDCap. Statistical analyses, performed with R software, included descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis (chi-square test), and correspondence analysis (CA) to explore the relationships between perceptions and sociodemographic factors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e A significant majority of respondents (80%) perceive FGM as a necessary tradition. This view is particularly prevalent in urban areas (87%) and among high school students (93%). Conversely, 20% of participants, predominantly rural adolescents, advocate for its abandonment. The CA revealed nuanced profiles: young, unmarried rural individuals are most opposed to FGM. In contrast, perceptions among young, unmarried urban individuals are divergent. While young urban women tend to see a positive impact, young urban men are more likely to view it as a violation of human rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e This study reveals a paradoxical reinforcement of FGM support among urban and more educated youth in the Boké region, challenging conventional assumptions. Our findings highlight the urgent need to strengthen educational initiatives, particularly in rural areas, and to tailor public policies to the socio-cultural specificities of Boké. Interventions must address the distinct perceptions of different sociodemographic profiles to effectively promote the gradual abandonment of FGM.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Analysis of factors influencing adolescents' and young people's perceptions of female genital mutilation in the Boké region, Guinea, in 2024","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-22 08:35:09","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8595779/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-06T16:18:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-03T07:34:31+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-02-28T09:40:41+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"64382843447300155959059194309117798128","date":"2026-02-18T09:37:07+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"275681939550658898775553993609064744835","date":"2026-02-16T07:53:15+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-02-12T06:57:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2026-01-23T10:58:52+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-01-14T12:09:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2026-01-14T12:08:34+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Public Health","date":"2026-01-13T21:37:24+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Public Health](https://link.springer.com/journal/12982)","snPcode":"12982","submissionUrl":"https://submission.springernature.com/new-submission/12982/3","title":"Discover Public Health","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"d79473a5-914b-4470-a708-de79c112e622","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 22nd, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-28T10:39:40+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-22 08:35:09","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8595779","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8595779","identity":"rs-8595779","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}