Ultrabroadband Passive Laser Noise Suppression to Quantum Noise Limit via on-chip Second Harmonic Generation

Ultrabroadband Passive Laser Noise Suppression to Quantum Noise Limit via on-chip Second Harmonic Generation | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Ultrabroadband Passive Laser Noise Suppression to Quantum Noise Limit via on-chip Second Harmonic Generation Amir Safavi-Naeini, Geun Ho Ahn, Ziyu Wang, Devin Dean, Hubert Stokowski, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Laser intensity noise limits performance in quantum sensing, metrology, and computing. Existing stabilization methods face a trade-off between bandwidth and complexity: electronic feedback loops are speed-limited, while optical resonators are constrained by narrow linewidths and locking requirements. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical "noise eater" that passively suppresses intensity fluctuations from DC to > 10 gigahertz. By leveraging high-efficiency second-harmonic generation in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides, we operate at a pump-depletion stationary point where input fluctuations are decoupled from the output to first order. This passive and nonresonant nanophotonic device suppresses relative intensity noise by 25 to 60 dB over the full measurement bandwidth and stabilizes a noisy fiber amplifier output to the shot-noise limit. Our results establish a scalable, wide-bandwidth paradigm for laser stabilization essential for high-throughput quantum technologies and deployable photonic sensing systems. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Lasers, LEDs and light sources Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nanophotonics and plasmonics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Applied optics/Optical sensors Full Text Additional Declarations Yes there is potential Competing Interest. G.H.A., Z.W., D.D., M.M.F., J.S.,and A.H.S.-N have filed a disclosure application for the nonlinear optical noise eater. The remaining authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8727813","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":597592564,"identity":"e6665bbf-0704-4d8a-a921-9872589ddf23","order_by":0,"name":"Amir Safavi-Naeini","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIie3PvQrCMBDA8SsBuxx0rQj6CtdJQTGv0hLQpaiPoDi4FFzzGD6AQ6SrH2vARSg4dag4CQ5W3UQM3RzyX5LhfuQCYLP9Zc4JgHqvawHAyiM0EUYlGQCWWFYgkFYgrUXqXHFy4NzdbaaXdRc8N6afhLaCNZCOUYKjaCbPQ6gnuYHAWNUlHUOEuJ2hSoG04ZXWMmM3SXuOXh7Mn4SbCGhR8wtSTuLHb0K+6S86q3UKElGi82Am1RD97XliWEwwHd773F3GwbRQ3aa3EKvfi32G1cZtNpvN9rUHHhtFIqmbUEAAAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6176-1274","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Amir","middleName":"","lastName":"Safavi-Naeini","suffix":""},{"id":597592565,"identity":"a5d4ae5d-91b5-4f12-8668-dcdb77d737f7","order_by":1,"name":"Geun Ho Ahn","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4761-7804","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Geun","middleName":"Ho","lastName":"Ahn","suffix":""},{"id":597592566,"identity":"c2a5f195-48cf-4657-9fb4-65abf571dbbf","order_by":2,"name":"Ziyu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ziyu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":597592567,"identity":"8f06398a-1916-49fd-9b6d-68c6a983f228","order_by":3,"name":"Devin Dean","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9719-4048","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Devin","middleName":"","lastName":"Dean","suffix":""},{"id":597592568,"identity":"8ff28e27-14e8-4c3b-90db-33b055feb71c","order_by":4,"name":"Hubert Stokowski","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-9639","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hubert","middleName":"","lastName":"Stokowski","suffix":""},{"id":597592569,"identity":"36c3127b-12ad-4032-95f0-4e19fe618a2a","order_by":5,"name":"Taewon Park","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Taewon","middleName":"","lastName":"Park","suffix":""},{"id":597592570,"identity":"076939dd-600f-4c36-a9ec-23eef9c5a58c","order_by":6,"name":"Martin Fejer","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5512-1905","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Martin","middleName":"","lastName":"Fejer","suffix":""},{"id":597592571,"identity":"5679154f-1362-4421-bebb-19041b2e465c","order_by":7,"name":"Jon Simon","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7854-4647","institution":"Stanford University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jon","middleName":"","lastName":"Simon","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-01-29 06:30:10","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":105369741,"identity":"6dd044ce-ac24-4cd5-9f6e-8fc710cb482e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-25 09:14:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":6896295,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Article File","description":"","filename":"AhnetalPINEMain.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8727813/v1_covered_ab0762f7-c1e8-4635-b77a-49b3ad12ce26.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"\u003cb\u003eYes\u003c/b\u003e there is potential Competing Interest.\nG.H.A., Z.W., D.D., M.M.F., J.S.,and A.H.S.-N have filed a disclosure application for the nonlinear\r\noptical noise eater. The remaining authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"Ultrabroadband Passive Laser Noise Suppression to Quantum Noise Limit via on-chip Second Harmonic Generation","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-portfolio","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Nature Portfolio","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":false,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"Laser intensity noise limits performance in quantum sensing, metrology, and computing. Existing stabilization methods face a trade-off between bandwidth and complexity: electronic feedback loops are speed-limited, while optical resonators are constrained by narrow linewidths and locking requirements. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical \"noise eater\" that passively suppresses intensity fluctuations from DC to \u003e 10 gigahertz. By leveraging high-efficiency second-harmonic generation in nanophotonic lithium niobate waveguides, we operate at a pump-depletion stationary point where input fluctuations are decoupled from the output to first order. This passive and nonresonant nanophotonic device suppresses relative intensity noise by 25 to 60 dB over the full measurement bandwidth and stabilizes a noisy fiber amplifier output to the shot-noise limit. Our results establish a scalable, wide-bandwidth paradigm for laser stabilization essential for high-throughput quantum technologies and deployable photonic sensing systems.","manuscriptTitle":"Ultrabroadband Passive Laser Noise Suppression to Quantum Noise Limit via on-chip Second Harmonic Generation","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-25 09:10:38","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8727813/v1","editorialEvents":[],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"nature-communications","isNatureJournal":true,"hasQc":false,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"NCOMMS","sideBox":"Learn more about [Nature Communications](http://www.nature.com/ncomms/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://mts-ncomms.nature.com/","title":"Nature Communications","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"ejp","reportingPortfolio":"Nature Communications","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6d4db1b7-abaf-4bee-927b-8741a4c626b8","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 25th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":63594048,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Lasers, LEDs and light sources"},{"id":63594049,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nanophotonics and plasmonics"},{"id":63594050,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Optical physics/Nonlinear optics"},{"id":63594051,"name":"Physical sciences/Optics and photonics/Applied optics/Optical sensors"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-03-25T09:10:38+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-25 09:10:38","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8727813","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8727813","identity":"rs-8727813","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}