Demonstration of a Longitudinal Action Medical Mission (LAMM) Model to Teach Point-of-Care Ultrasound in Resource-Limited Settings

BACKGROUND Short-term medical missions prevail as the most common form of international medical volunteerism, but they are ill-suited for medical education and training local providers in resource-limited settings. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a longitudinal educational program in training clinicians how to perform point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) in resource-limited clinics. DESIGN A retrospective study of such a four-month POCUS training program was conducted with clinicians from a rural hospital in Haiti. The model included one-on-one, in-person POCUS teaching sessions by volunteer instructors from the United States and Europe. The Haitian trainees were assessed at the start of the program and at its conclusion by a direct objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), administered by the visiting instructors, with similar pre- and post-program ultrasound competency assessments. RESULTS Post-intervention, a significant improvement was observed ( p < 0.0001), and each trainee showed significant overall improvement in POCUS competency independent of the initial competency pre-training ( p < 0.005). There was a statistically significant improvement in POCUS application for five of the six medically relevant assessment categories tested. CONCLUSION Our results provide a proof-of-concept for the longitudinal education-centered healthcare delivery framework in a resource-limited setting. Our longitudinal model provides local healthcare providers the skills to detect and diagnose significant pathologies, thereby reducing avoidable morbidity and mortality at little or no addition cost or risk to the patient. Furthermore, training local physicians obviates the need for frequent volunteering trips, saving costs in healthcare training and delivery.