Prediction of the Elastic Properties of Z-pin Reinforced Composites Laminates under Hygrothermal Environment

Prediction of the Elastic Properties of Z-pin Reinforced Composites Laminates under Hygrothermal Environment | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Prediction of the Elastic Properties of Z-pin Reinforced Composites Laminates under Hygrothermal Environment Shunli Xie, YIheng Liu This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7649760/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The mechanical properties of Z-pin reinforced composite laminates underhygrothermal conditions were studied.A predictive model for the elastic properties of Z-pin reinforced composites was established,taking full account of the effects of temperature, humidity, and microstructure changes induced by pin insertion.Comparison with the experimental results from existing literature revealed good agreement between the calculatedresults of the model and experimental data.The study indicated that the elastic modulus of Z-pin reinforced composites decreases with increasing temperature, and the moisture-heat coupling significantly exacerbates the degradation of material properties. The transverse elastic modulus and in-plane shear modulus exhibit higher sensitivity to the hygrothermal environment, whereas the longitudinal elastic modulus is less affected.Under hygrothermal conditions, the influence mechanism of Z-pin volume contentmanifests itself as a competitive interplay between the hygrothermal softening effect of the matrix and the bridging constraint effect exerted by Z-pins.This research methodology provides an effective approach for predicting the performance of Z-pin reinforced composites in hygrothermal environments. Physical sciences/Engineering Physical sciences/Materials science Z-pin reinforced composite Microstructure change Hygrothermal environment Elastic modulus Predicted model Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7649760","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":539857762,"identity":"42d423ab-9009-46ec-8546-5e04ae5a3757","order_by":0,"name":"Shunli 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Environment\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Z-pin reinforced composite, Microstructure change, Hygrothermal environment, Elastic modulus, Predicted model ","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7649760/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7649760/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe mechanical properties of Z-pin reinforced composite laminates underhygrothermal conditions were studied.A predictive model for the elastic properties of Z-pin reinforced composites was established,taking full account of the effects of temperature, humidity, and microstructure changes induced by pin insertion.Comparison with the experimental results from existing literature revealed good agreement between the calculatedresults of the model and experimental data.The study indicated that the elastic modulus of Z-pin reinforced composites decreases with increasing temperature, and the moisture-heat coupling significantly exacerbates the degradation of material properties. The transverse elastic modulus and in-plane shear modulus exhibit higher sensitivity to the hygrothermal environment, whereas the longitudinal elastic modulus is less affected.Under hygrothermal conditions, the influence mechanism of Z-pin volume contentmanifests itself as a competitive interplay between the hygrothermal softening effect of the matrix and the bridging constraint effect exerted by Z-pins.This research methodology provides an effective approach for predicting the performance of Z-pin reinforced composites in hygrothermal environments.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Prediction of the Elastic Properties of Z-pin Reinforced Composites Laminates under Hygrothermal Environment","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-11-05 05:37:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7649760/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2b9afffc-e794-43e2-ba2b-7172eb820f75","owner":[],"postedDate":"November 5th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":57456954,"name":"Physical sciences/Engineering"},{"id":57456955,"name":"Physical sciences/Materials science"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-29T16:41:00+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-11-05 05:37:59","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7649760","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7649760","identity":"rs-7649760","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}