Design, Integration and Experimental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar--Biogas Energy System with Regenerated Lithium-Ion Battery Storage

Design, Integration and Experimental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar--Biogas Energy System with Regenerated Lithium-Ion Battery Storage | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 31 January 2026 V1 Latest version Share on Design, Integration and Experimental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar--Biogas Energy System with Regenerated Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Authors : Godwill Imbonzugah 0000-0002-7732-5482 [email protected] , Tamanjong Fofang , and Li Yao Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176984288.88522571/v1 142 views 75 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Dr Godwill Vegah Imbonzugah¹, Tamajon Fru Fofang3, Dr Li Yao4, ¹ Adaptive E-Learn Systems (ADES) Ltd, Manchester, UK ² Manchester Metropolitan University, UK ³ College of Technology, UB-Cameroon 4Q-Energy, MSP, Manchester ABSTRACT This paper presents the design, integration, and experimental evaluation of a hybrid renewable energy system combining solar photovoltaic (PV) generation, anaerobic digestion-based biogas production, and energy storage using regenerated lithium-ion batteries derived from recycled battery materials. The proposed system integrates a 3–5 kWp PV array, a mesophilic anaerobic digester (1–2 m³), and a regenerated battery storage unit (5–10 kWh) through a hybrid inverter to enable coordinated energy management. Solar energy harvested during daylight hours is stored in regenerated batteries and utilised to maintain digester-operating temperature (~30 °C) and supply electrical loads during non-solar periods. Experimental testing demonstrates stable digester thermal regulation, continuous biogas production from cattle manure substrate, and effective battery charge–discharge performance. Preliminary analysis indicates measurable operational CO₂-equivalent emission reductions compared to fossil-fuel-based energy supply. The results confirm the technical and applcable integration of solar PV, biogas generation, and recycled battery storage within a single decentralised energy architecture, offering a scalable and sustainable solution for households, community centers, institutions as well as agriculture-sector green/sustainable energy applications. Keywords: Hybrid renewable energy systems; solar photovoltaic; biogas; anaerobic digestion; energy storage; lithium-ion battery recycling; decentralised energy. 1. Introduction The increasing global demand for sustainable and affordable energy has driven significant interest in hybrid renewable energy systems that integrate multiple energy sources and storage technologies. Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems offer clean electricity generation but suffer from intermittency, while biogas systems provide dispatchable energy from organic waste but require controlled thermal conditions for optimal digestion. Integrating these technologies can enhance reliability, efficiency, and energy autonomy. The novel ADES hybrid solar–biogas system incorporates energy storage using regenerated lithium-ion batteries recovered through battery recycling processes. The innovation lies in the combined integration of solar PV, anaerobic digestion, and recycled battery storage within a single system architecture, targeting affordable energy access and circular-economy benefits. Supplementary Material File (ades-solar-bio-gas-research-journal-article-iet-manuscript.docx) Download 506.53 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 31 January 2026 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords distributed power generation energy engineering energy harvesting energy storage renewable energy Authors Affiliations Godwill Imbonzugah 0000-0002-7732-5482 [email protected] Manchester City Council View all articles by this author Tamanjong Fofang University of Buea Faculty of Science View all articles by this author Li Yao Manchester City Council View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 142 views 75 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Godwill Imbonzugah, Tamanjong Fofang, Li Yao. Design, Integration and Experimental Evaluation of a Hybrid Solar--Biogas Energy System with Regenerated Lithium-Ion Battery Storage. Authorea . 31 January 2026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.176984288.88522571/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.176984288.88522571/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9fe400418f6e4193',t:'MTc3OTIwMzEzOA=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();