ZK-InterChain: Privacy-Preserving Protocol for Cross-Chain Interactions Between Consortium and Public Blockchains

ZK-InterChain: Privacy-Preserving Protocol for Cross-Chain Interactions Between Consortium and Public Blockchains | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article ZK-InterChain: Privacy-Preserving Protocol for Cross-Chain Interactions Between Consortium and Public Blockchains Tuan-Dung Tran, Tran Trung Kien, Bao Huynh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7283199/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 34 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The increasing fragmentation of blockchain networks, compounded by recurring vulnerabilities in conventional cross-chain bridges—including censorship, replay attacks, and validator collusion—underscores an urgent need for secure and privacy-preserving interoperability protocols. This paper introduces ZK-InterChain, a protocol designed for unidirectional data transfers from consortium to public blockchains. The system empowers users to prove private or semi-private actions, such as verified purchases, without revealing their identities on the public network. The core of ZK-InterChain's architecture features a dual Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) system. A client-side module facilitates user-generated proofs of private activity, while a validator-side module attests to state updates from the consortium chain using aggregated BLS signatures. Privacy is maintained through cryptographic nullifiers and minimal public inputs, which decouple a user's identity from their public-chain activities. Security analysis confirms the protocol's resilience against key attack vectors. Empirical evaluation demonstrates user-side proof generation in approximately one minute and validator-side state attestation in two minutes, with on-chain verification consuming approximately 220k gas. These performance characteristics establish ZK-InterChain as a viable solution for non-immediate, privacy-sensitive applications, such as decentralized reputation systems, post-event credentialing, and anonymous feedback mechanisms. Cross-chain interoperability computational integrity cryptographic primitives decentralized application privacy-preserving protocols scalability user anonymity zero-knowledge proof (zkp) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 20 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 08 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 05 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 03 Nov, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 20 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 18 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 13 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 12 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 12 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 10 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 08 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Oct, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Oct, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Sep, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 06 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 03 Aug, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7283199","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":531610715,"identity":"27e7b9a6-9cb5-47d1-af22-b2646f76d006","order_by":0,"name":"Tuan-Dung 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This paper introduces ZK-InterChain, a protocol designed for unidirectional data transfers from consortium to public blockchains. The system empowers users to prove private or semi-private actions, such as verified purchases, without revealing their identities on the public network. The core of ZK-InterChain's architecture features a dual Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) system. A client-side module facilitates user-generated proofs of private activity, while a validator-side module attests to state updates from the consortium chain using aggregated BLS signatures. Privacy is maintained through cryptographic nullifiers and minimal public inputs, which decouple a user's identity from their public-chain activities. Security analysis confirms the protocol's resilience against key attack vectors. 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