The Effect Paired Nordic Hamstring and Resistance Band Nordic Hamstring Exercises on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Bilateral Strength Difference in Taekwondo Athletes

The Effect Paired Nordic Hamstring and Resistance Band Nordic Hamstring Exercises on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Bilateral Strength Difference in Taekwondo Athletes | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Effect Paired Nordic Hamstring and Resistance Band Nordic Hamstring Exercises on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Bilateral Strength Difference in Taekwondo Athletes Zait Burak, Gönül YAVUZ, Necdet Eray PİŞKİN, Serkan İBİŞ, Cengizhan KAÇGAN This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background The study compared the effects of paired Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE) and resistance band NHE on hamstring muscle strength and bilateral strength difference (BLF) in taekwondo athletes. Methods Thirty-two athletes who trained in taekwondo three days a week participated in the study. The participants were divided into three groups: a control group that only did taekwondo training [CG, (n = 12)], a group that did paired NHE in addition to taekwondo training [PNHG, (n = 10)], and a group that did resistance band NHE in addition to taekwondo training [RBNHG, (n = 10)]. While the CG continued with routine taekwondo training, the PNHG and RBNHG groups performed NHE three days a week for six weeks in addition to their taekwondo training. The athletes' hamstring muscle strength and BLF values were determined using the H BORD device. To examine the results of different protocols, pre- and post-test measurements, and the protocol*time interaction effect, a two-way ANOVA test was used for repeated measurements. Results Statistical analysis revealed that both PNHG and RBNHG showed an increase in hamstring muscle strength in the final tests. While no significant difference was observed between PNHG and RBNHG in terms of hamstring muscle strength development, it was determined that RBNHG had a igher percentage of development. Additionally, it was observed that the training volume of RBNHG was higher than that of PNHG. Conclusions When performing NHE, it is recommended to use a resistance band to ensure the correct position, to increase the duration of tension during NHE, and to extend the hamstring breakpoint in NHE. Nordic hamstring bilateral difference taekwondo strength resistance band Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 INTRODUCTION Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a type of exercise widely used among athletes to increase eccentric knee flexor strength and prevent hamstring injuries [ 1 ]. During NHE, the hamstring muscle works with an eccentric contraction principle, resulting in a higher strength gain than hamstring exercises with concentric contraction [ 2 ]. This is due to the slow eccentric contraction pattern of NHE compared to concentric exercises, providing a stimulus in which myosin heads are actin-bound and cross-bridges are elongated and forced to separate causing muscle damage [ 3 ]. During NHE, the hamstring muscles reach high activation levels at certain angles to resist gravity, making it difficult to execute the movement [ 4 ]. The practitioner can even stop the movement when high activation levels are reached and is deprived of a higher resistance. In NHE, the longer the knee angle is maintained slowly during the downward fall, the higher the force gain. This is due to the fact that a longer active range of motion in the NHE can lead to greater strength gains [ 5 – 6 ]. Therefore, introducing facilitating factors that will enable the movement to be performed at wider angles may increase strength development. In the application of NHE, various modifications can be made to the movement. For example, by using resistance bands, the difficulty level of the exercise can be adjusted and muscle activation can be optimized [ 7 ]. This is explained by the bilateral application of the exercise [ 8 ]. Another factor that causes a decrease in sports performance and an increase in sports injuries is the bilateral difference (BLF). BLF is the difference in strength between the opposite limbs of these regions as a result of more active use of the dominant leg or arm region [ 9 ]. The increase in the force difference negatively affects athletic performance [ 10 ]. In the evaluation of hamstring muscle strength, bilateral strength difference is an important parameter. NHE can be used as an effective method to reduce this difference [ 11 ]. With this in mind, it was aimed to examine whether NHE with resistance bands has an effect on strength development in order to increase the active range of motion. However, while resistance bands increase the active range of motion, can they restrict strength development as they will carry some of the load that will occur during movement? MATERIAL AND METHOD Study Design In the study, hamstring muscle strength (peak torque), mean power and bilateral difference values (BLF) of 32 athletes were first measured with the H BORD device. Then, 32 athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as PNHG (n:10), RBNHG (n:10) and CG (n:12). While the CG continued their routine taekwondo training, the other 2 groups practiced NHE 3 days a week during the warm-up phase in addition to their taekwondo training. The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks. During the 6-week period, training volume was calculated based on the number of sets × repetitions in the PNHG and DBNH groups. In order to determine the effects of the NHE, the training loads and rest intervals in the routine taekwondo training of all athletes participating in the study were determined to be similar to each other. In addition, the strength test was planned on a day when the athletes had not done any exercise for 24 hours and had completed their nutrition at least 3 hours before the test. Athletes were taken to both pre-test and post-test in the same order, time and conditions (Fig. 1 ). Figure 1 insert here Participants The study was started with a total of 45 participants aged 12–14 years who were licensed taekwondo athletes, trained 3 days a week and had no history of any injury to the lower extremity (Table 1 ). Although the pre-tests of the study were applied to 45 participants, those who did not participate regularly in the exercises and those who did not come to the post-test were excluded from the study, so the study was completed with 32 participants. In addition, all athletes who participated in the study were informed that they could leave the study at any time without any penalty. Table 1 Demografic variables of the participant PNHG RBNHG CG Age (years) 11,90 ± 0,56 12,00 ± 1,94 11,75 ± 1,13 Height (cm) 150,50 ± 6,15 151,40 ± 10,26 144,08 ± 19,49 Body weight (kg) 41,30 ± 7,02 37,20 ± 6,76 37,41 ± 7,17 Table 1 insert here Applied Measurement Measurement of Hamstring Muscle Strength The H eccentric muscle strength of the participants was evaluated with the IVMES brand H Bord device (Ankara, Turkey), the reliability and validity of which has been studied [ 12 ]. The ankles of the participants were fixed with bands and started the movement on the body of the H Board device on both knees, with the body in the same plane from the knee, straight and arms crossed in front. Then, the participant slowly let go of himself/herself forward without breaking the position with the body in the same plane from the knee, keeping the knees fixed on the mechanism, and continued the movement until the last point he/she could reach in this position. During this movement, peak torque (PT), average power (AP) and BLF parameters of both leg H muscle groups were measured in Newtons by means of sensors located at the ankle points of the H Bord device. The movement was performed twice and the best score was included in the study. Exercise Protocol RBNHG ve PNHG Protocol Participants in both RBNHG and PNHG performed NHE in addition to taekwondo training. NHE is an exercise in which participants attempt to resist a forward movement using the hamstring muscle to maximize the load in the eccentric phase. The participant started the movement on both knees, with the body in the same plane from the knee, straight and arms crossed in front. The hamstring muscle brakes forward for a long time until the last point that can be reached and then immediately returns to the starting position by pushing the ground with the hands. While the participants in PNHG performed the movement with their ankles held very strongly by their partners, the participants in RBNHG performed the NHE using a Decathlon brand blue color resistance band suitable for 15 kg (33 Ibs) load. The resistance band was passed under the armpit and worn at chest level. In order to ensure that the resistance band applied the same load to each participant, the resistance band was worn at the beginning of the movement in such a way that it would not give any load and would be fully stretched. In the study, the exercise program was applied to the participants for 6 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets, 3 repetitions until exhaustion. Full rest was given between sets. The exercises were performed after warming up at the beginning of the training and then the main part of the training was started. Statistical Analysis In this study, the normal distribution assumption for the quantitative variables was assessed using visual methods (histograms and probability plots) and analytical methods (the Shapiro–Wilk test). As the quantitative variables were found to follow a normal distribution, they are presented as the mean ± standard deviation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed to examine the effects of different protocols (PNHG, RBNHG and CG), pre- and post-test measurements, and the protocol*time interaction. Mauchly’s test of sphericity was used to evaluate the homogeneity of variances, and the Greenhouse–Geisser correction was applied where necessary. Partial eta-squared values (ηp²) were calculated to assess the effect size between groups. When statistically significant differences were identified among the study protocols, multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey method. A significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS When Table 2 is examined, statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of right leg peak torque (F = 62.11; p = 0.000, eta = 0.68), right leg average power (F = 51.74; p = 0.000, eta = 0.64) and right leg relative strength (F = 57.02; p = 0.000, eta = 0.66) from pretest to posttest in the exercise groups. Table 2 Intra-group and inter-group comparison table Pre Post Δ % Two-way Repetead ANOVA Variable M ± SD M ± SD T B -T end T B -T end Time Group Time*Group Tukey PT Right Leg (W) PNHG 138,34 ± 20,36 178,16 ± 36,52* 39,82 ± 16,16 28,78 F = 62,11 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,68 F = 8,90 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,38 F = 9,21 p K BN > K RBNHG 131,14 ± 18,58 191,31 ± 15,76* 60,17 ± 2,82 45,88 CG 124,04 ± 21,77 135,75 ± 23,10 11,71 ± 1,33 9,44 PT Left Leg (W) PNHG 126,95 ± 21,38 161,85 ± 31,69* 34,90 ± 10,31 27,49 F = 72,82 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,71 F = 5,63 p < 0,009 η p 2 = 0,28 F = 1,68 p K RBNHG 131,90 ± 11,21 171,03 ± 17,26* 39,13 ± 6,05 29,66 CG 115,08 ± 19,24 138,20 ± 19,89* 23,12 ± 0,65 20,09 AP Right Leg (W) PNHG 131,21 ± 18,99 171,57 ± 38,19* 40,36 ± 19,20 30,75 F = 51,74 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,64 F = 8,40 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,36 F = 6,86 p K BN > K RBNHG 123,98 ± 15,41 172,27 ± 6,49* 48,29 ± 8,92 38,94 CG 118,33 ± 20,41 128,38 ± 19,91 10,05 ± 0,50 8,49 AP Left Leg (W) PNHG 116,06 ± 21,74 149,17 ± 30,84* 33,11 ± 9,10 28,52 F = 53,15 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,64 F = 5,72 p < 0,008 η p 2 = 0,28 F = 0,99 p K RBNHG 124,23 ± 9,39 161,02 ± 14,41* 36,79 ± 5,02 29,61 CG 108,61 ± 15,76 131,60 ± 19,70* 22,99 ± 3,94 21,16 RS Right Leg (W/kg) PNHG 3,39 ± 0,54 4,05 ± 0,83* 0,66 ± 0,29 19,46 F = 57,02 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,66 F = 9,88 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,40 F = 4,79 p K RBNHG 3,56 ± 0,35 4,85 ± 1,03* 1,29 ± 0,68 36,23 CG 3,40 ± 0,76 3,72 ± 0,80 0,32 ± 0,04 9,41 RS Left Leg (W/kg) PNHG 3,95 ± 0,69 5,47 ± 7,58 1,52 ± 6,89 38,48 F = 0,00 p < 0,943 η p 2 = 0,00 F = 0,90 p < 0,416 η p 2 = 0,05 F = 1,08 p K RBNHG 3,61 ± 0,43 4,69 ± 0,73 1,08 ± 0,30 29,91 CG 3,16 ± 0,71 3,76 ± 0,65 0,60 ± 0,06 18,98 BLF (%) PNHG 10,21 ± 6,33 8,36 ± 6,44 1,85 ± 0,11 18,11 F = 0,20 F = 1,33 F = 1,32 RBNHG 11,84 ± 7,56 7,93 ± 4,76 3,91 ± 2,8 33,02 p < 0,657 p < 0,279 p < 0,282 CG 7,08 ± 1,88 6,96 ± 7,24 0,12 ± 5,36 1,69 η p 2 = 0,00 η p 2 = 0,08 η p 2 = 0,08 PNHG = Paired nordic hamstring group; RBNHG = Resistance bant nordic hamstring group; CG = Control group PT: Peak Torq; AP: Average power; RS: Relative strength; BLF: Bilateral strength difference Pre = preintervention; Post = postintervention; η p 2 : partial eta kare; * There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values. There were statistically significant differences in the parameters of left leg peak torque (F = 72.82; p = 0.000, eta = 0.71) and left leg mean power (F = 53.14; p = 0.000, eta = 0.64) from pretest to posttest in all groups, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters of left leg relative strength (F = 0.00; p = 0.943, eta = 0.00) and bilateral strength difference from pretest to posttest in any group. It was determined that RBNHG had the highest improvement in percentage (%) in all parameters except the left leg relative strength parameter. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in left leg peak torque (F = 5.63; p = 0.009; eta = 0.28), left leg average power (F = 5.72; p = 0.008; eta = 0.28), right leg relative strength (F = 9.88; p = 0.001; eta = 0.40) and left leg relative strength (F = 0.90; p = 0.416; eta = 0.05). In the benforroni correction, this difference is due to the significant increase in RBNHG compared to CG from front to end. There was a statistical difference between the groups in right leg peak torque (F = 8.90; p = 0.001; eta = 0.38) and right leg mean power (F = 8.40; p = 0.001; eta = 0.367). In the Benforroni correction, this difference was due to the significant increase in PNHG and RBNHG compared to CG from front to end. Table 2: Intra-group and inter-group comparison table Pre Post Δ % Two-way Repetead ANOVA Variable M±SD M±SD T B -T end T B -T end Time Group Time*Group Tukey PT Right Leg (W) PNHG 138,34±20,36 178,16±36,52* 39,82±16,16 28,78 F = 62,11 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,68 F = 8,90 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,38 F = 9,21 p K BN>K RBNHG 131,14±18,58 191,31±15,76* 60,17±2,82 45,88 CG 124,04±21,77 135,75±23,10 11,71±1,33 9,44 PT Left Leg (W) PNHG 126,95±21,38 161,85±31,69* 34,90±10,31 27,49 F = 72,82 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,71 F = 5,63 p < 0,009 η p 2 = 0,28 F = 1,68 p K RBNHG 131,90±11,21 171,03±17,26* 39,13±6,05 29,66 CG 115,08±19,24 138,20±19,89* 23,12±0,65 20,09 AP Right Leg (W) PNHG 131,21±18,99 171,57±38,19* 40,36±19,20 30,75 F = 51,74 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,64 F =8,40 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,36 F =6,86 p K BN>K RBNHG 123,98±15,41 172,27±6,49* 48,29±8,92 38,94 CG 118,33±20,41 128,38±19,91 10,05±0,50 8,49 AP Left Leg (W) PNHG 116,06±21,74 149,17±30,84* 33,11±9,10 28,52 F = 53,15 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,64 F = 5,72 p < 0,008 η p 2 = 0,28 F = 0,99 p K RBNHG 124,23±9,39 161,02±14,41* 36,79±5,02 29,61 CG 108,61±15,76 131,60±19,70* 22,99±3,94 21,16 RS Right Leg (W/kg) PNHG 3,39±0,54 4,05±0,83* 0,66±0,29 19,46 F = 57,02 p < 0,000 η p 2 = 0,66 F = 9,88 p < 0,001 η p 2 = 0,40 F = 4,79 p K RBNHG 3,56±0,35 4,85±1,03* 1,29±0,68 36,23 CG 3,40±0,76 3,72±0,80 0,32±0,04 9,41 RS Left Leg (W/kg) PNHG 3,95±0,69 5,47±7,58 1,52±6,89 38,48 F = 0,00 p < 0,943 η p 2 = 0,00 F = 0,90 p < 0,416 η p 2 = 0,05 F = 1,08 p K RBNHG 3,61±0,43 4,69±0,73 1,08±0,30 29,91 CG 3,16±0,71 3,76±0,65 0,60±0,06 18,98 BLF (%) PNHG 10,21±6,33 8,36±6,44 1,85±0,11 18,11 F = 0,20 F = 1,33 F = 1,32 RBNHG 11,84±7,56 7,93±4,76 3,91±2,8 33,02 p < 0,657 p < 0,279 p < 0,282 CG 7,08±1,88 6,96±7,24 0,12±5,36 1,69 η p 2 = 0,00 η p 2 = 0,08 η p 2 = 0,08 PNHG= Paired nordic hamstring group; RBNHG= Resistance bant nordic hamstring group; CG= Control group PT: Peak Torq; AP: Average power; RS: Relative strength; BLF: Bilateral strength difference Pre= preintervention; Post= postintervention; η p 2 : partial eta kare; * There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values. Table 2 insert here Figure 2 insert here It was determined that both weekly and 6-week total training volumes of RBNHG were higher than PNHG. DISCUSSION NHE is the type of exercise in which knee angle is an important condition during downward acceleration. In general, this is called the nordic hamstring breaking point [ 13 ]. After this point, hamstring muscle activation decreases, while the biceps femoris long head fascicles rapidly lengthen [ 14 ]. Since a longer active range of motion may be associated with greater strength gains in NHE, extending the nordic hamstring breakpoint may be more beneficial for strength adaptations [ 5 – 6 ]. Peak Torque and Relative Strength In the study, it was determined that there was an increase in hamstring muscle strength in the post-tests of both PNHG and RBNHG. While there was no significant difference in hamstring muscle strength development between PNHG and RBNHG, it was determined that RBNHG had a higher development in percentage (Table 2 ). When NHE is performed in pairs, the person continues the movement only to the level allowed by the hamstring muscle strength during the movement and ends the movement at the point where the strength decreases or is exhausted. In NHE, the longer the knee angle is maintained slowly during the downward fall, the higher the strength gain. This is due to the fact that a longer active range of motion can lead to greater strength gains in NHE [ 5 – 6 ]. Although it has been applied on different sample groups and with different protocols [ 15 – 19 ]. Although it has been reported that NHE improves hamstring muscle strength, there is no study on the effect of reducing the exercise load during movement and expanding the active range of motion on hamstring muscle strength. Especially for individuals who do not have a high level of hamstring muscle strength, it is very difficult to perform NHE in a wide range of motion, so the exercise load that occurs during the movement may remain below the targeted level. Reducing some of the load on the muscle during NHE with equipment such as resistance bands may provide an extension of the nordic hamstring break point, which is known as the point where the rapid decline begins during exercise [ 5 – 6 ], and may reveal the continuation of a high contraction for a longer time and at a wider angle. The forward fall part of the NHE should be performed as much as possible at speeds as slow as the average movement rhythm (e.g., 30°/s). However, due to the high muscular tension of the movement, the rate of forward fall increases and the time under tension near full knee extension is often too short due to neuromuscular fatigue [ 19 – 21 ]. When practitioners realize this, they change their posture position (e.g. pelvic tilt) to slow the rate of decline and increase the time under tension, which causes the applied resistance to remain below the desired level. During NHE with the resistance band, the resistance band assumes part of the load, allowing the movement to be performed at the desired slowness during the forward fall and preserving the basic technique of the movement. Accordingly, the position of the participants during NHE with resistance band (i.e. ankle position) may have contributed to strength development not only by allowing them to perform the exercise for longer periods of time (i.e. longer under tension), but also by allowing them to exercise closer to full knee extension. Bilateral Strength Difference Bilateral strength difference (BLF) refers to the strength gap between the dominant and non-dominant sides in the lower and upper extremities. This is usually due to inadequate use of certain body parts or not applying the training load equally to both sides [ 22 ]. In the literature, it is stated that BLF should be less than 10% [23–24], while the risk of injury may increase when it exceeds 15% [ 25 – 27 ]. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference in the BLF parameter between the pre-test and post-test of the groups and between the groups (Table 2 ). Anastasi and Hamzeh [ 28 ] found that 10 weeks of NHE provided a reduction in BLF in their study on female rugby players. In another study, NHE was compared with Russian waist exercise and it was determined that NHE was a more effective exercise in reducing BLF [ 29 ]. In contrast to these studies, Pişkin et al. [ 30 ] in their study on female volleyball players, stated that NHE was not an effective method to reduce BLF on its own, and associated this situation with the fact that the stronger extremity plays a more active role to maintain strength than the other extremity. In the present study, similar load on the hamstring muscles of both legs in the application of the movement in both RBNHG and PNHG may have caused similar force development. This is thought to be a factor limiting the development of BLF. Training Volume In the study, it was determined that both weekly and 6-week total training volumes of RBNHG were higher than PNHG. In a similar study, Pişkin et al. [ 30 ] examined the effect of NHE combined with blood flow restriction method on hamstring muscle strength as well as training volume. As a result of the study, when the training volume data of NHE + Blood flow restriction and NHE groups were analyzed, it was observed that there was a linear increase from the first week to the last week in both groups and this increase was higher in the NHE group. The effectiveness of NHE on knee flexor strength, sprint performance and injury recovery is related to variables such as exercise volume and exercise intensity [ 27 , 31 – 32 ]. Although the volume of exercise is relatively easy to perform by changing the number of repetitions or sets, it can also be affected by changing the time the muscle spends under tension. However, since NHE is usually performed with body weight only, it is more difficult to change the intensity. The time under tension and the peak torque/force that muscles should produce are probably the most important variables explaining the effects of training [ 5 ]. In our study, it was expected that RBNHG had a higher training volume as the resistance bands assumed part of the load during NHE. However, what is important here is that the reduced load with the resistance band is tolerated by the expansion of the active range of motion during the execution of the movements, the use of correct technique in the movement and the increase in training volume. The increase in training volume eliminates the development deficit caused by less load and ensures a similar development. CONCLUSION It can be said that the use of resistance bands in NHE allows the movement to be applied in the correct position and with the correct technique, and the time under tension during the exercise is longer due to the expansion of the active range of motion during the application of the movements. In addition, it is thought that NHE applied with a resistance band will be more beneficial in strength development by creating the nordic hamstring break point later. It may contribute to the application of NHE with resistance bands, especially in individuals with weak hamstring muscles or during rehabilitation or in the preparatory phase training of athletes where strength development is not at the targeted level. Such studies may help athletes and exercisers to plan their training programs more effectively, in a way that can be applied alone and based on scientific foundations. Abbreviations NHE Nordic Hamstring Exercise PNHG Paired Nordic Hamstring Group RBNHG Resistance Bant Nordic Hamstring Group CG Control Group AP Average Power PT Peak Torq BLF Bilateral Strength Difference Declarations Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Research Ethics Committee under decision number 2024/20 dated 26 January 2024. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to the commencement of the measurements, a comprehensive explanation of the study protocol was provided to the participants, and informed consent forms were collected. In the case of participants under the age of 16, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians, in accordance with institutional and journal ethical guidelines. Consent for Publication Not applicable Availability of Data and Materials Data supporting the findings of this study are available through the corresponding author, but restrictions apply to the availability of these data used for the current study and are therefore not publicly available. However, data are available from the corresponding author ( [email protected] ) upon reasonable request. Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding This research received no external funding. Authors' Contributions The first draft of the manuscript and the revised manuscript were written by ZBA, GY, Sİ, NEP, CK, and ZBA, GY, CK and completed the data analysis and suggested revisions to the manuscript. ZBA, GY, Sİ and NEH participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis, ZBA, GY, NEP and Sİ conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. ZBA, GY, NEP, Sİ and CK completed the visualization. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Acknowledgements Clinical trial number: not applicable . References van Dyk N, Behan FP, Whiteley R. Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(21):1362-70. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100045. Mjølsnes R, Arnason A, Østhagen T, Raastad T, Bahr R. 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Muscle forces and fascicle behavior during three hamstring exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32(6):997-1012. doi:10.1111/sms.14158 Kurt S. Hamstring kuvvet gelişiminde nordic hamstring egzersizi ile leg curl egzersizinin karşılaştırılması [doktora tezi]. Niğde: Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı; 2023. Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Marques VB, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Four weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(5):1254-62. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001975 Váczi M, Fazekas G, Pilissy T, Cselkó A, Trzaskoma L, Sebesi B, et al. The effects of eccentric hamstring exercise training in young female handball players. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2022;122(4):955-64. doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04888-5 Seymore KD, Domire ZJ, DeVita P, Rider PM, Kulas AS. The effect of Nordic hamstring strength training on muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2017;117:943-53. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3583-3. Delahunt E, McGroarty M, De Vito G, Ditroilo M. Nordic hamstring exercise training alters knee joint kinematics and hamstring activation patterns in young men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2016;116:663-72. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3325-3. Ditroilo M, De Vito G, Delahunt E. Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the nordic hamstring exercise. J Electromyogr Kines. 2013; 23(5):1111-18. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.05. Lovell R, Knox M, Weston M, Siegler JC, Brennan S, Marshall PWM. Hamstring injury prevention in soccer: Before or after training? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(2):658-66. doi:10.1111/sms.12925. Aktug ZB. Do the exercises performed with a theraband have an effect on knee muscle strength balances?. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(1):65-71. doi:10.3233/BMR-181217 Alexander MJ. Peak torque values for antagonist muscle groups and concentric and eccentric contraction types for elite sprinters. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. (1990;71(5):334-39. PMID:2327888 Burkett LN. Causative factors in hamstring strains. Med. Sci. Sports, 1970;2(1):39-42. PMID: 5520085 Croisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J. Genty M, Ferret JM. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(8):1469-75. doi:10.1177/0363546508316764 Dvir Z. Isokinetics: muscle testing, interpretation, and clinical applications. Churchill Livingstone; 2004. Opar DA, Williams MD, Timmins RG, Hickey J, Duhig SJ, Shield AJ. Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(4):857-65. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000465 Anastasi SM, Hamzeh MA. Does the eccentric nordic hamstring exercise have an effect on isokinetic muscle strength imbalance and dynamic jumping performance in female rugby union players? Isokinet. Exerc. Sci. 2011;19(4):251-60. Rey E, Paz-Domínguez Á, Porcel-Almendral D, Paredes-Hernández V, Barcala Furelos R, Abelairas-Gómez C. Effects of a 10-week nordic hamstring exercise and russian belt training on posterior lower-limb muscle 115 strength in elite junior soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(5):1198-1205. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001579. Pişkin NE, Yavuz G, Aktuğ ZB, Aldhahi MI, Al-Mhanna SB, Gülü M. The effect of combining blood flow restriction with the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring strength: Randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Med. 2024;13(7):2035. doi:10.3390/jcm13072035. Bourne MN, Duhig SJ, Timmins RG, Williams MD, Opar DA, Al Najjar A, et al.. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: implications for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(5):469-77. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096130 Timmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ, Williams MD, Lorenzen C, Opar DA. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weaknes increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(24):1524-35. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 03 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 01 Oct, 2025 Reviews received at journal 22 Aug, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Aug, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 11 Aug, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Aug, 2025 First submitted to journal 30 Jul, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7236306","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":498977629,"identity":"4bb4122c-1b0f-45dd-a1ff-9dfa2529099a","order_by":0,"name":"Zait Burak","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA1klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxgZmECXB3gAkDSyI0tLYDNbCcwCkRYI4ayBaJBLAFGH18u2H2x8Xtt2Tl5z5/OqGHwUSDPzt3Qn4rehJbGye2VZsOFs6p+xmD9BhEmfObsCrhZkBqIW3LYFxnnRO2g0eoBYDiVz8Wtj4H4K12M+TPJN28w8xWngkILYkzpZgP3abKFskJB42zp5xLiF5Zk8O220ZAwkegn6R709/8LmgLMF2xvHjz26++WMjx9/ei18LshsNwCSxykGA/QEpqkfBKBgFo2AEAQDeA0ZXerCpUQAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zait","middleName":"","lastName":"Burak","suffix":""},{"id":498977630,"identity":"eccf8b12-3be1-4ad2-8aec-f6c0c9dc3e19","order_by":1,"name":"Gönül YAVUZ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Kahramanmaras Sütcü Imam University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gönül","middleName":"","lastName":"YAVUZ","suffix":""},{"id":498977633,"identity":"ccfadb64-de90-43b5-95a6-0909f8fdc764","order_by":2,"name":"Necdet Eray PİŞKİN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Necdet","middleName":"Eray","lastName":"PİŞKİN","suffix":""},{"id":498977637,"identity":"9441bb83-2485-4d75-af90-54fb3c844ea3","order_by":3,"name":"Serkan İBİŞ","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Serkan","middleName":"","lastName":"İBİŞ","suffix":""},{"id":498977639,"identity":"bf4d5091-a059-437b-99b1-1ffbe533e5f6","order_by":4,"name":"Cengizhan KAÇGAN","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nigde Omer Halisdemir University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Cengizhan","middleName":"","lastName":"KAÇGAN","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-07-28 17:38:07","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":89385980,"identity":"e90cbec3-79d8-4790-8b85-54dc9306f77a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-19 12:33:11","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":1053620,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eStudy Design\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7236306/v1/e99de5ee2a676f70deaf5e03.png"},{"id":89389607,"identity":"9d52bd89-1f41-4d4b-bb4d-9a6a33e059bf","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-19 12:49:12","extension":"jpeg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":738175,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eWeekly and total training volüme\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7236306/v1/baa712a84eaaeb1bddf25722.jpeg"},{"id":89390628,"identity":"43824ba6-9fa9-4c1b-9c41-cd3e00b89017","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-08-19 12:57:13","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2623849,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7236306/v1/7ca61c29-d43d-4d4c-a9c0-8b30d9893b16.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Effect Paired Nordic Hamstring and Resistance Band Nordic Hamstring Exercises on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Bilateral Strength Difference in Taekwondo Athletes","fulltext":[{"header":"INTRODUCTION","content":"\u003cp\u003eNordic hamstring exercise (NHE) is a type of exercise widely used among athletes to increase eccentric knee flexor strength and prevent hamstring injuries [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e]. During NHE, the hamstring muscle works with an eccentric contraction principle, resulting in a higher strength gain than hamstring exercises with concentric contraction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. This is due to the slow eccentric contraction pattern of NHE compared to concentric exercises, providing a stimulus in which myosin heads are actin-bound and cross-bridges are elongated and forced to separate causing muscle damage [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. During NHE, the hamstring muscles reach high activation levels at certain angles to resist gravity, making it difficult to execute the movement [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. The practitioner can even stop the movement when high activation levels are reached and is deprived of a higher resistance. In NHE, the longer the knee angle is maintained slowly during the downward fall, the higher the force gain. This is due to the fact that a longer active range of motion in the NHE can lead to greater strength gains [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, introducing facilitating factors that will enable the movement to be performed at wider angles may increase strength development. In the application of NHE, various modifications can be made to the movement. For example, by using resistance bands, the difficulty level of the exercise can be adjusted and muscle activation can be optimized [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. This is explained by the bilateral application of the exercise [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Another factor that causes a decrease in sports performance and an increase in sports injuries is the bilateral difference (BLF). BLF is the difference in strength between the opposite limbs of these regions as a result of more active use of the dominant leg or arm region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e]. The increase in the force difference negatively affects athletic performance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. In the evaluation of hamstring muscle strength, bilateral strength difference is an important parameter. NHE can be used as an effective method to reduce this difference [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. With this in mind, it was aimed to examine whether NHE with resistance bands has an effect on strength development in order to increase the active range of motion. However, while resistance bands increase the active range of motion, can they restrict strength development as they will carry some of the load that will occur during movement?\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMATERIAL AND METHOD\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy Design\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study, hamstring muscle strength (peak torque), mean power and bilateral difference values (BLF) of 32 athletes were first measured with the H BORD device. Then, 32 athletes were randomly divided into 3 groups as PNHG (n:10), RBNHG (n:10) and CG (n:12). While the CG continued their routine taekwondo training, the other 2 groups practiced NHE 3 days a week during the warm-up phase in addition to their taekwondo training. The exercise program lasted for 6 weeks. During the 6-week period, training volume was calculated based on the number of sets \u0026times; repetitions in the PNHG and DBNH groups. In order to determine the effects of the NHE, the training loads and rest intervals in the routine taekwondo training of all athletes participating in the study were determined to be similar to each other. In addition, the strength test was planned on a day when the athletes had not done any exercise for 24 hours and had completed their nutrition at least 3 hours before the test. Athletes were taken to both pre-test and post-test in the same order, time and conditions (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003einsert here\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eParticipants\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study was started with a total of 45 participants aged 12\u0026ndash;14 years who were licensed taekwondo athletes, trained 3 days a week and had no history of any injury to the lower extremity (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Although the pre-tests of the study were applied to 45 participants, those who did not participate regularly in the exercises and those who did not come to the post-test were excluded from the study, so the study was completed with 32 participants. In addition, all athletes who participated in the study were informed that they could leave the study at any time without any penalty.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDemografic variables of the participant\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12,00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeight (cm)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e150,50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e151,40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10,26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e144,08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBody weight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41,30\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37,20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37,41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003einsert here\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eApplied Measurement\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMeasurement of Hamstring Muscle Strength\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe H eccentric muscle strength of the participants was evaluated with the IVMES brand H Bord device (Ankara, Turkey), the reliability and validity of which has been studied [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The ankles of the participants were fixed with bands and started the movement on the body of the H Board device on both knees, with the body in the same plane from the knee, straight and arms crossed in front. Then, the participant slowly let go of himself/herself forward without breaking the position with the body in the same plane from the knee, keeping the knees fixed on the mechanism, and continued the movement until the last point he/she could reach in this position. During this movement, peak torque (PT), average power (AP) and BLF parameters of both leg H muscle groups were measured in Newtons by means of sensors located at the ankle points of the H Bord device. The movement was performed twice and the best score was included in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eExercise Protocol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eRBNHG ve PNHG Protocol\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eParticipants in both RBNHG and PNHG performed NHE in addition to taekwondo training. NHE is an exercise in which participants attempt to resist a forward movement using the hamstring muscle to maximize the load in the eccentric phase. The participant started the movement on both knees, with the body in the same plane from the knee, straight and arms crossed in front. The hamstring muscle brakes forward for a long time until the last point that can be reached and then immediately returns to the starting position by pushing the ground with the hands. While the participants in PNHG performed the movement with their ankles held very strongly by their partners, the participants in RBNHG performed the NHE using a Decathlon brand blue color resistance band suitable for 15 kg (33 Ibs) load. The resistance band was passed under the armpit and worn at chest level. In order to ensure that the resistance band applied the same load to each participant, the resistance band was worn at the beginning of the movement in such a way that it would not give any load and would be fully stretched. In the study, the exercise program was applied to the participants for 6 weeks, 3 days a week, 3 sets, 3 repetitions until exhaustion. Full rest was given between sets. The exercises were performed after warming up at the beginning of the training and then the main part of the training was started.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study, the normal distribution assumption for the quantitative variables was assessed using visual methods (histograms and probability plots) and analytical methods (the Shapiro\u0026ndash;Wilk test). As the quantitative variables were found to follow a normal distribution, they are presented as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was employed to examine the effects of different protocols (PNHG, RBNHG and CG), pre- and post-test measurements, and the protocol*time interaction. Mauchly\u0026rsquo;s test of sphericity was used to evaluate the homogeneity of variances, and the Greenhouse\u0026ndash;Geisser correction was applied where necessary. Partial eta-squared values (ηp\u0026sup2;) were calculated to assess the effect size between groups. When statistically significant differences were identified among the study protocols, multiple comparisons were performed using the Tukey method. A significance level of p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eWhen Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e is examined, statistically significant differences were found in the parameters of right leg peak torque (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;62.11; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.68), right leg average power (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;51.74; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.64) and right leg relative strength (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;57.02; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.66) from pretest to posttest in the exercise groups.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIntra-group and inter-group comparison table\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"17\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eΔ\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwo-way Repetead ANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eM\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e-T\u003csub\u003eend\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e-T\u003csub\u003eend\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime*Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTukey\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePT Right Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138,34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20,36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e178,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;36,52*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16,16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28,78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;62,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8,90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9,21\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131,14\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18,58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e191,31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,76*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60,17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,82\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45,88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21,77\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e135,75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;23,10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9,44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePT Left Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21,38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e161,85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;31,69*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10,31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27,49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;72,82\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5,63\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,009\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,204\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131,90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171,03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17,26*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39,13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29,66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e115,08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e138,20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,89*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20,09\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAP Right Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131,21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;18,99\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e171,57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;38,19*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40,36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30,75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;51,74\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8,40\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;6,86\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,004\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e123,98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e172,27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,49*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48,29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8,92\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38,94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e118,33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;20,41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e128,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,49\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAP Left Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e116,06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;21,74\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e149,17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;30,84*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33,11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9,10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28,52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;53,15\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5,72\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,008\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,99\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,382\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e124,23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9,39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e161,02\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14,41*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36,79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29,61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e108,61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e131,60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19,70*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22,99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21,16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRS Right Leg (W/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,83*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19,46\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;57,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,66\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9,88\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4,79\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,016\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,03*\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,29\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36,23\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,72\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,04\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9,41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRS Left Leg (W/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5,47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,58\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38,48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,943\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,90\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,416\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,05\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,08\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,350\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,07\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" morerows=\"2\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c16\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBN\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;K\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4,69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29,91\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,71\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18,98\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"17\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBLF (%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10,21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8,36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6,44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1,32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11,84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;4,76\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3,91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33,02\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,657\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,279\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,282\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7,08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;1,88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6,96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7,24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;5,36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eη\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e \u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0,08\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"1\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"17\"\u003ePNHG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Paired nordic hamstring group; RBNHG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Resistance bant nordic hamstring group; CG\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Control group PT: Peak Torq; AP: Average power; RS: Relative strength; BLF: Bilateral strength difference Pre\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;preintervention; Post\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;postintervention; η\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: partial eta kare; * There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere were statistically significant differences in the parameters of left leg peak torque (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;72.82; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.71) and left leg mean power (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;53.14; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.000, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.64) from pretest to posttest in all groups, whereas there were no statistically significant differences in the parameters of left leg relative strength (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.00; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.943, eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.00) and bilateral strength difference from pretest to posttest in any group. It was determined that RBNHG had the highest improvement in percentage (%) in all parameters except the left leg relative strength parameter.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA statistically significant difference was found between the groups in left leg peak torque (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.63; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.009; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.28), left leg average power (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5.72; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.008; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.28), right leg relative strength (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;9.88; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.40) and left leg relative strength (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.90; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.416; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). In the benforroni correction, this difference is due to the significant increase in RBNHG compared to CG from front to end.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere was a statistical difference between the groups in right leg peak torque (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.90; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.38) and right leg mean power (F\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.40; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.001; eta\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.367). In the Benforroni correction, this difference was due to the significant increase in PNHG and RBNHG compared to CG from front to end.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2:\u003c/strong\u003e Intra-group and inter-group comparison table\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"85%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePre\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePost\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026Delta;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"7\" style=\"width: 5.8296%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwo-way Repetead ANOVA\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eM\u0026plusmn;SD\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e-T\u003csub\u003eend\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eT\u003csub\u003eB\u003c/sub\u003e-T\u003csub\u003eend\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGroup\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTime*Group\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTukey\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePT Right Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138,34\u0026plusmn;20,36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178,16\u0026plusmn;36,52*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,82\u0026plusmn;16,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,78\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 62,11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 8,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 9,21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131,14\u0026plusmn;18,58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191,31\u0026plusmn;15,76*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60,17\u0026plusmn;2,82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124,04\u0026plusmn;21,77\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135,75\u0026plusmn;23,10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,71\u0026plusmn;1,33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePT Left Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e126,95\u0026plusmn;21,38\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161,85\u0026plusmn;31,69*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34,90\u0026plusmn;10,31\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27,49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 72,82\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 5,63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,009\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= \u0026nbsp;0,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 1,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,204\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131,90\u0026plusmn;11,21\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171,03\u0026plusmn;17,26*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39,13\u0026plusmn;6,05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115,08\u0026plusmn;19,24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138,20\u0026plusmn;19,89*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23,12\u0026plusmn;0,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20,09\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAP Right Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131,21\u0026plusmn;18,99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171,57\u0026plusmn;38,19*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40,36\u0026plusmn;19,20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30,75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 51,74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF =8,40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF =6,86\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,004\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123,98\u0026plusmn;15,41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e172,27\u0026plusmn;6,49*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48,29\u0026plusmn;8,92\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118,33\u0026plusmn;20,41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128,38\u0026plusmn;19,91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,05\u0026plusmn;0,50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,49\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAP Left Leg (W)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116,06\u0026plusmn;21,74\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149,17\u0026plusmn;30,84*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,11\u0026plusmn;9,10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28,52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 53,15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 5,72\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,008\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,28\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 0,99\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,382\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e124,23\u0026plusmn;9,39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161,02\u0026plusmn;14,41*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36,79\u0026plusmn;5,02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,61\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108,61\u0026plusmn;15,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131,60\u0026plusmn;19,70*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22,99\u0026plusmn;3,94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21,16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRS Right Leg (W/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,39\u0026plusmn;0,54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,05\u0026plusmn;0,83*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,66\u0026plusmn;0,29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19,46\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 57,02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 9,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,001\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 4,79\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,016\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,56\u0026plusmn;0,35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,85\u0026plusmn;1,03*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,29\u0026plusmn;0,68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36,23\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,40\u0026plusmn;0,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,72\u0026plusmn;0,80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,32\u0026plusmn;0,04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9,41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRS Left Leg (W/kg)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,95\u0026plusmn;0,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5,47\u0026plusmn;7,58\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,52\u0026plusmn;6,89\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38,48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 0,00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,943\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.6928%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 0,90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,416\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.81%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 1,08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,350\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,07\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 0.2715%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBN\u0026gt;K\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,61\u0026plusmn;0,43\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4,69\u0026plusmn;0,73\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,08\u0026plusmn;0,30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29,91\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.1486%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,16\u0026plusmn;0,71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 3.4194%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,76\u0026plusmn;0,65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7762%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,60\u0026plusmn;0,06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,98\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"16\" style=\"width: 18.5198%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBLF (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.6407%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10,21\u0026plusmn;6,33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.9454%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8,36\u0026plusmn;6,44\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7085%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,85\u0026plusmn;0,11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.4219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18,11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.2683%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 0,20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 1,33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.5053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eF = 1,32\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7605%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRBNHG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.6407%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11,84\u0026plusmn;7,56\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.9454%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,93\u0026plusmn;4,76\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7085%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3,91\u0026plusmn;2,8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.4219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33,02\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.2683%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,279\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.5053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e \u0026lt; 0,282\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7605%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1.9298%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCG\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 2.6407%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7,08\u0026plusmn;1,88\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.9454%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6,96\u0026plusmn;7,24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 2.7085%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0,12\u0026plusmn;5,36\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 1.4219%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1,69\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.2683%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.2527%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 2.5053%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e= 0,08\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 1.7605%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePNHG= Paired nordic hamstring group; RBNHG= Resistance bant nordic hamstring group; CG= Control group PT: Peak Torq; AP: Average power; RS: Relative strength; BLF: Bilateral strength difference Pre= preintervention; Post= postintervention; \u0026eta;\u003csub\u003ep\u003c/sub\u003e\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e: partial eta kare; * There is a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test values.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003einsert here\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e \u003cb\u003einsert here\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt was determined that both weekly and 6-week total training volumes of RBNHG were higher than PNHG.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eNHE is the type of exercise in which knee angle is an important condition during downward acceleration. In general, this is called the nordic hamstring breaking point [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e]. After this point, hamstring muscle activation decreases, while the biceps femoris long head fascicles rapidly lengthen [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Since a longer active range of motion may be associated with greater strength gains in NHE, extending the nordic hamstring breakpoint may be more beneficial for strength adaptations [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePeak Torque and Relative Strength\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study, it was determined that there was an increase in hamstring muscle strength in the post-tests of both PNHG and RBNHG. While there was no significant difference in hamstring muscle strength development between PNHG and RBNHG, it was determined that RBNHG had a higher development in percentage (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen NHE is performed in pairs, the person continues the movement only to the level allowed by the hamstring muscle strength during the movement and ends the movement at the point where the strength decreases or is exhausted. In NHE, the longer the knee angle is maintained slowly during the downward fall, the higher the strength gain. This is due to the fact that a longer active range of motion can lead to greater strength gains in NHE [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Although it has been applied on different sample groups and with different protocols [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16 CR17 CR18\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Although it has been reported that NHE improves hamstring muscle strength, there is no study on the effect of reducing the exercise load during movement and expanding the active range of motion on hamstring muscle strength. Especially for individuals who do not have a high level of hamstring muscle strength, it is very difficult to perform NHE in a wide range of motion, so the exercise load that occurs during the movement may remain below the targeted level. Reducing some of the load on the muscle during NHE with equipment such as resistance bands may provide an extension of the nordic hamstring break point, which is known as the point where the rapid decline begins during exercise [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e], and may reveal the continuation of a high contraction for a longer time and at a wider angle.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe forward fall part of the NHE should be performed as much as possible at speeds as slow as the average movement rhythm (e.g., 30\u0026deg;/s). However, due to the high muscular tension of the movement, the rate of forward fall increases and the time under tension near full knee extension is often too short due to neuromuscular fatigue [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. When practitioners realize this, they change their posture position (e.g. pelvic tilt) to slow the rate of decline and increase the time under tension, which causes the applied resistance to remain below the desired level. During NHE with the resistance band, the resistance band assumes part of the load, allowing the movement to be performed at the desired slowness during the forward fall and preserving the basic technique of the movement. Accordingly, the position of the participants during NHE with resistance band (i.e. ankle position) may have contributed to strength development not only by allowing them to perform the exercise for longer periods of time (i.e. longer under tension), but also by allowing them to exercise closer to full knee extension.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBilateral Strength Difference\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBilateral strength difference (BLF) refers to the strength gap between the dominant and non-dominant sides in the lower and upper extremities. This is usually due to inadequate use of certain body parts or not applying the training load equally to both sides [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. In the literature, it is stated that BLF should be less than 10% [23\u0026ndash;24], while the risk of injury may increase when it exceeds 15% [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR26\" citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, there was no statistically significant difference in the BLF parameter between the pre-test and post-test of the groups and between the groups (Table \u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnastasi and Hamzeh [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] found that 10 weeks of NHE provided a reduction in BLF in their study on female rugby players. In another study, NHE was compared with Russian waist exercise and it was determined that NHE was a more effective exercise in reducing BLF [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. In contrast to these studies, Pişkin et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] in their study on female volleyball players, stated that NHE was not an effective method to reduce BLF on its own, and associated this situation with the fact that the stronger extremity plays a more active role to maintain strength than the other extremity. In the present study, similar load on the hamstring muscles of both legs in the application of the movement in both RBNHG and PNHG may have caused similar force development. This is thought to be a factor limiting the development of BLF.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTraining Volume\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the study, it was determined that both weekly and 6-week total training volumes of RBNHG were higher than PNHG. In a similar study, Pişkin et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e] examined the effect of NHE combined with blood flow restriction method on hamstring muscle strength as well as training volume. As a result of the study, when the training volume data of NHE\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;Blood flow restriction and NHE groups were analyzed, it was observed that there was a linear increase from the first week to the last week in both groups and this increase was higher in the NHE group.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe effectiveness of NHE on knee flexor strength, sprint performance and injury recovery is related to variables such as exercise volume and exercise intensity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Although the volume of exercise is relatively easy to perform by changing the number of repetitions or sets, it can also be affected by changing the time the muscle spends under tension. However, since NHE is usually performed with body weight only, it is more difficult to change the intensity. The time under tension and the peak torque/force that muscles should produce are probably the most important variables explaining the effects of training [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, it was expected that RBNHG had a higher training volume as the resistance bands assumed part of the load during NHE. However, what is important here is that the reduced load with the resistance band is tolerated by the expansion of the active range of motion during the execution of the movements, the use of correct technique in the movement and the increase in training volume. The increase in training volume eliminates the development deficit caused by less load and ensures a similar development.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIt can be said that the use of resistance bands in NHE allows the movement to be applied in the correct position and with the correct technique, and the time under tension during the exercise is longer due to the expansion of the active range of motion during the application of the movements. In addition, it is thought that NHE applied with a resistance band will be more beneficial in strength development by creating the nordic hamstring break point later. It may contribute to the application of NHE with resistance bands, especially in individuals with weak hamstring muscles or during rehabilitation or in the preparatory phase training of athletes where strength development is not at the targeted level. Such studies may help athletes and exercisers to plan their training programs more effectively, in a way that can be applied alone and based on scientific foundations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eNHE\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNordic Hamstring Exercise\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePNHG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePaired Nordic Hamstring Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eRBNHG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResistance Bant Nordic Hamstring Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCG\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl Group\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eAP\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAverage Power\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePT\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeak Torq\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eBLF\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBilateral Strength Difference\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics Approval and Consent to Participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEthical approval for the study was obtained from the Nigde Omer Halisdemir University Research Ethics Committee under decision number 2024/20 dated 26 January 2024. The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to the commencement of the measurements, a comprehensive explanation of the study protocol was provided to the participants, and informed consent forms were collected.\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003eIn the case of participants under the age of 16, informed consent was obtained from their parents or legal guardians, in accordance with institutional and journal ethical guidelines.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for Publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of Data and Materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eData supporting the findings of this study are available through the corresponding author, but restrictions apply to the availability of these data used for the current study and are therefore not publicly available. However, data are available from the corresponding author ([email protected]) upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting Interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; Contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe first draft of the manuscript and the revised manuscript were written by ZBA, GY, Sİ, NEP, CK, and ZBA, GY, CK and completed the data analysis and suggested revisions to the manuscript. ZBA, GY, Sİ and NEH participated in the design of the study and performed the statistical analysis, ZBA, GY, NEP and Sİ conceived of the study and participated in its design and coordination and helped to draft the manuscript. ZBA, GY, NEP, Sİ and CK completed the visualization. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eClinical trial number: not applicable\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003evan Dyk N, Behan FP, Whiteley R. Including the Nordic hamstring exercise in injury prevention programmes halves the rate of hamstring injuries: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 8459 athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2019;53(21):1362-70. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2018-100045.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMj\u0026oslash;lsnes R, Arnason A, \u0026Oslash;sthagen T, Raastad T, Bahr R. A 10‐week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well‐trained soccer players. 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Multivariate isokinetic strength asymmetries of the knee and ankle in professional soccer players. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2010;50(4):465-74\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJones PA, Bampouras TM. A comparison of isokinetic and functional methods of assessing bilateral strength imbalance. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(6):1553-58.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003edoi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181dc4392 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMendiguchia J, Concei\u0026ccedil;\u0026atilde;o F, Edouard P, Fonseca M, Pereira R, Lopes H, et al. Sprinting and hamstring injuries: An audit of inter-limb strength imbalance and its association with injury risk. Sports Med. Open. 2021;7(1):12. doi:10.1186/s40798-021-00298-7\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAkar\u0026ccedil;eşme C, Cengizel E, Alvurdu S, Bağcı E, Altundağ E, Cengizel \u0026Ccedil;\u0026Ouml;, et al. Reliability and validity of the new portable Nordic hamstring test device (IVMES H-Bord). Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: J. Sports Eng. Tech. 2024;17543371241239725. doi:10.1177/17543371241239725\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSconce E, Heller B, Maden-Wilkinson T, Hamilton N. Agreement between methods and terminology used to assess the kinematics of the nordic hamstring exercise. J. Sports Sci. 2021;39(24):2859-68. doi:10.1080/02640414.2021.1968127\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVan Hooren B, Vanwanseele B, van Rossom S, Teratsias P, Willems P, Drost M, et al. Muscle forces and fascicle behavior during three hamstring exercises. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32(6):997-1012. doi:10.1111/sms.14158\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eKurt S. Hamstring kuvvet gelişiminde nordic hamstring egzersizi ile leg curl egzersizinin karşılaştırılması [doktora tezi]. Niğde: Niğde \u0026Ouml;mer Halisdemir \u0026Uuml;niversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstit\u0026uuml;s\u0026uuml;, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Anabilim Dalı; 2023.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRibeiro-Alvares JB, Marques VB, Vaz MA, Baroni BM. Four weeks of Nordic hamstring exercise reduce muscle injury risk factors in young adults. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32(5):1254-62.\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003edoi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001975 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eV\u0026aacute;czi M, Fazekas G, Pilissy T, Cselk\u0026oacute; A, Trzaskoma L, Sebesi B, et al. The effects of eccentric hamstring exercise training in young female handball players. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2022;122(4):955-64. doi:10.1007/s00421-022-04888-5\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSeymore KD, Domire ZJ, DeVita P, Rider PM, Kulas AS. The effect of Nordic hamstring strength training on muscle architecture, stiffness, and strength. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2017;117:943-53. doi:10.1007/s00421-017-3583-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDelahunt E, McGroarty M, De Vito G, Ditroilo M. Nordic hamstring exercise training alters knee joint kinematics and hamstring activation patterns in young men. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 2016;116:663-72. doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3325-3.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDitroilo M, De Vito G, Delahunt E. Kinematic and electromyographic analysis of the nordic hamstring exercise. J Electromyogr Kines. 2013; 23(5):1111-18. doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2013.05.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLovell R, Knox M, Weston M, Siegler JC, Brennan S, Marshall PWM. Hamstring injury prevention in soccer: Before or after training? Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018;28(2):658-66. doi:10.1111/sms.12925.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAktug ZB. Do the exercises performed with a theraband have an effect on knee muscle strength balances?. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2020;33(1):65-71. doi:10.3233/BMR-181217\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlexander MJ. Peak torque values for antagonist muscle groups and concentric and eccentric contraction types for elite sprinters. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. (1990;71(5):334-39. PMID:2327888 \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBurkett LN. Causative factors in hamstring strains. Med. Sci. Sports, 1970;2(1):39-42. \u003cbr\u003e PMID: 5520085\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCroisier JL, Ganteaume S, Binet J. Genty M, Ferret JM. Strength imbalances and prevention of hamstring injury in professional soccer players: A prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2008;36(8):1469-75. doi:10.1177/0363546508316764\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDvir Z. Isokinetics: muscle testing, interpretation, and clinical applications. Churchill Livingstone; 2004. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOpar DA, Williams MD, Timmins RG, Hickey J, Duhig SJ, Shield AJ. Eccentric hamstring strength and hamstring injury risk in Australian footballers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2015;47(4):857-65. doi:10.1249/MSS.0000000000000465\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAnastasi SM, Hamzeh MA. Does the eccentric nordic hamstring exercise have an effect on isokinetic muscle strength imbalance and dynamic jumping performance in female rugby union players? Isokinet. Exerc. Sci. 2011;19(4):251-60.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRey E, Paz-Dom\u0026iacute;nguez \u0026Aacute;, Porcel-Almendral D, Paredes-Hern\u0026aacute;ndez V, Barcala Furelos R, Abelairas-G\u0026oacute;mez C. Effects of a 10-week nordic hamstring exercise and russian belt training on posterior lower-limb muscle 115 strength in elite junior soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(5):1198-1205. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001579.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePişkin NE, Yavuz G, Aktuğ ZB, Aldhahi MI, Al-Mhanna SB, G\u0026uuml;l\u0026uuml; M. The effect of combining blood flow restriction with the nordic hamstring exercise on hamstring strength: Randomized controlled trial. J. Clin. Med. 2024;13(7):2035. doi:10.3390/jcm13072035.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBourne MN, Duhig SJ, Timmins RG, Williams MD, Opar DA, Al Najjar A, et al.. Impact of the Nordic hamstring and hip extension exercises on hamstring architecture and morphology: implications for injury prevention. Br J Sports Med. 2017;51(5):469-77. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2016-096130\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTimmins RG, Bourne MN, Shield AJ, Williams MD, Lorenzen C, Opar DA. Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weaknes increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): A prospective cohort study. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(24):1524-35. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Nordic hamstring, bilateral difference, taekwondo, strength, resistance band","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe study compared the effects of paired Nordic hamstring exercises (NHE) and resistance band NHE on hamstring muscle strength and bilateral strength difference (BLF) in taekwondo athletes.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThirty-two athletes who trained in taekwondo three days a week participated in the study. The participants were divided into three groups: a control group that only did taekwondo training [CG, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;12)], a group that did paired NHE in addition to taekwondo training [PNHG, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10)], and a group that did resistance band NHE in addition to taekwondo training [RBNHG, (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;10)]. While the CG continued with routine taekwondo training, the PNHG and RBNHG groups performed NHE three days a week for six weeks in addition to their taekwondo training. The athletes' hamstring muscle strength and BLF values were determined using the H BORD device. To examine the results of different protocols, pre- and post-test measurements, and the protocol*time interaction effect, a two-way ANOVA test was used for repeated measurements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis revealed that both PNHG and RBNHG showed an increase in hamstring muscle strength in the final tests. While no significant difference was observed between PNHG and RBNHG in terms of hamstring muscle strength development, it was determined that RBNHG had a igher percentage of development. Additionally, it was observed that the training volume of RBNHG was higher than that of PNHG.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen performing NHE, it is recommended to use a resistance band to ensure the correct position, to increase the duration of tension during NHE, and to extend the hamstring breakpoint in NHE.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Effect Paired Nordic Hamstring and Resistance Band Nordic Hamstring Exercises on Hamstring Muscle Strength and Bilateral Strength Difference in Taekwondo Athletes","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-08-19 12:33:07","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7236306/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-03T07:39:57+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"104132134783188926222819117713270262902","date":"2025-10-02T02:51:48+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-08-22T15:21:27+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"297037770574420449675534725577842412672","date":"2025-08-11T18:43:47+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-11T16:01:06+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-11T05:43:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-08T09:02:21+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","date":"2025-07-30T13:55:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b03ae1dc-97dc-4364-b8e0-ea8165912500","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 19th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-08-19T12:33:07+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-08-19 12:33:07","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7236306","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7236306","identity":"rs-7236306","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}