Investigation on the microstructure and properties of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb/HR-2 joint by electron beam welding

Investigation on the microstructure and properties of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb/HR-2 joint by electron beam welding | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigation on the microstructure and properties of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb/HR-2 joint by electron beam welding Zixuan Zhang, Jian Zhao, Wenhui Xue, Ke Han, Haikun Liu, Fangzhou Li, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-9483910/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb and HR-2 stainless steels were subjected to groove-less welding using the vacuum electron beam welding. The microstructural characteristics of different joint regions were analyzed using a super-depth-of-field microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The welded joints were subjected to microhardness, mechanical property, and corrosion resistance tests under various conditions, including exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. According to the XRD results, the weld seam of the dissimilar joint encompasses γ-austenite and δ-ferrite. The welded joints at 35mA and 55mA consist of columnar and equiaxed grains in terms of the microstructure. While only columnar grains are present in the weld of the joint at 45mA. At a beam current of 55mA, the welded joints display fine grain structure and outstanding mechanical performance. The increased ferrite content in the weld zone leads to higher microhardness in the weld seam and HAZ on the HR-2 stainless steel side. All joints fractured on the HR-2 side. The welded joints present ductile fracture, characterized by numerous dimples on the fracture surface. EDS analysis reveals that the black carbide phase in the weld seam primarily consists of the M(Cr,Fe) 23 C 6 precipitate and Fe 3 C carbides. The welded joint at a beam current of 55mA exhibited the best corrosion resistance. Vacuum Electron Beam Welding Heterogeneous stainless steel Microstructure Mechanical properties Corrosion resistance Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 07 May, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 07 May, 2026 Editor invited by journal 02 May, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 26 Apr, 2026 First submitted to journal 23 Apr, 2026 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-9483910","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":636172445,"identity":"f0ec1ea2-ccff-4ca0-8da3-d0f65d41d3bc","order_by":0,"name":"Zixuan Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science - Songjiang Campus: Shanghai University of Engineering Science","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zixuan","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":636172446,"identity":"83f4c2ca-ce1f-472c-92fb-0dd657447640","order_by":1,"name":"Jian Zhao","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACNvmDjQ8SDCR4+KECjA2EtPBLMDcbfKiwkZFsIFaL5Az2NsEZZ9JsDA4Qq8XgdmMbM2/bYR7j82cMH/5gsJHdcID52QO8Wu4cbHsM0mJ2I8fYmIchzXjDATZzA7xaDiS2G0O08JhJMzAcTtxwgIdNgoCWNmmww/rPmP/8wfCfsBbJGYltkkDv8xgw5Jgx8DAcIKyFn+cgOJB5JG6kFUvzGCQbzzzMZoZXCxt7+0NQVNrz9x/e+PFHhZ1s3/HmZ3i1oHsNiJlJUD8KRsEoGAWjADsAAAPfS1YFtkYnAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2930-3964","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jian","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":636172447,"identity":"9b2ffbad-c039-4e99-90a7-bb22dc509577","order_by":2,"name":"Wenhui Xue","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science - 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The microstructural characteristics of different joint regions were analyzed using a super-depth-of-field microscope and a scanning electron microscope. The welded joints were subjected to microhardness, mechanical property, and corrosion resistance tests under various conditions, including exposure to 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. According to the XRD results, the weld seam of the dissimilar joint encompasses γ-austenite and δ-ferrite. The welded joints at 35mA and 55mA consist of columnar and equiaxed grains in terms of the microstructure. While only columnar grains are present in the weld of the joint at 45mA. At a beam current of 55mA, the welded joints display fine grain structure and outstanding mechanical performance. The increased ferrite content in the weld zone leads to higher microhardness in the weld seam and HAZ on the HR-2 stainless steel side. All joints fractured on the HR-2 side. The welded joints present ductile fracture, characterized by numerous dimples on the fracture surface. EDS analysis reveals that the black carbide phase in the weld seam primarily consists of the M(Cr,Fe)\u003csub\u003e23\u003c/sub\u003eC\u003csub\u003e6\u003c/sub\u003e precipitate and Fe\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eC carbides. The welded joint at a beam current of 55mA exhibited the best corrosion resistance.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigation on the microstructure and properties of 05Cr17Ni4Cu4Nb/HR-2 joint by electron beam welding","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-05-18 06:48:05","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-9483910/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T10:46:40+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T10:46:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2026-05-02T05:23:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2026-04-26T22:00:03+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Welding in the World","date":"2026-04-24T02:23:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"welding-in-the-world","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"witw","sideBox":"Learn more about [Welding in the World](https://www.springer.com/journal/40194)","snPcode":"40194","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/witw/","title":"Welding in the World","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b1012132-5559-4506-bb7d-6348cf9d052e","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 18th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T10:46:40+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-05-07T10:46:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-18T06:48:05+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-05-18 06:48:05","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-9483910","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-9483910","identity":"rs-9483910","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}