Investigating the Effect of using SBAR Model on the quality of the Intraoperative Hand Over Process among Operating Room Staff and Their Satisfaction: A Quasi-experimental Study

Investigating the Effect of using SBAR Model on the quality of the Intraoperative Hand Over Process among Operating Room Staff and Their Satisfaction: A Quasi-experimental Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Investigating the Effect of using SBAR Model on the quality of the Intraoperative Hand Over Process among Operating Room Staff and Their Satisfaction: A Quasi-experimental Study Fatemeh Nademi Ardestani, Aygineh Hayrabedian, Akram Aarabi, Mohammadjavad Tarrahi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7166985/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Introduction: One of the hospital departments recognized as a high-risk environment due to organizational, educational, environmental, and technological needs is the operating room, where the handover process is common and challenging. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the impact of using the SBAR model on the quality of intraoperative handover between operating room technologists and to assess their satisfaction level. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 with the participation of 64 surgical technologists working in the gastrointestinal surgery departments of two educational hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. First, two hospitals were randomly assigned to either the experimental group and the control group and in each group 32 individuals were examined separately. In the intervention group, the SBAR model was taught for intraoperative patient handover in two one-hour training sessions. Data collection was performed using a three-part checklist based on the SBAR model for intraoperative handover assessment and a revised satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate surgical technologists’ satisfaction with the handover process (additional file 3). The validity and reliability of both instruments were confirmed. No intervention was performed in the control group. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, employing paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and MANCOVA. Results: A total of 128 intraoperative handovers were analyzed. Independent t-test results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean handover quality score between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p˂0.001), while no significant difference was observed before the intervention (p = 0.40). MANCOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference in the mean handover quality score between the two groups across all SBAR components (S, B, A, and R) before and after the intervention (p < 0.001). Furthermore, after the intervention, 56.25% of individuals in the test group reported their satisfaction with the SBAR model for intraoperative handover as being in the completely acceptable range (score range: 41–55). The use of the standard SBAR checklist significantly increased the duration of intraoperative handover by an average of 3.5 minutes (p˂0/001). Conclusion: The findings suggest that implementing the SBAR model as a structured handover approach can improve the quality of intraoperative patient handover and enhance surgical technologists’ satisfaction with the process. Handover SBAR model Operating Room department Surgical Technologist Satisfaction Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files additionalfile1.tables.docx Format: docs Title: Table 1. Distribution of Demographic Variables Among Surgical Technologists Description: This table presents the raw data collected from the research units using the researcher-developed checklist before statistical analysis. Table 2. Distribution of Variables Related to Surgeries Description: This table summarizes the descriptive statistics of the research units, including means, standard deviations, and frequencies. Table 3. Comparison of Mean Quality Scores for the Intraoperative Handover Process Among Surgical Technologists Across SBAR Components Description: This table shows the results of the statistical analyses conducted on the data, including significance levels and effect sizes. additionalfile2.figure1.jpg Additional file 2: figure 1 Format: pdf Title: The relative frequency of people in the test group after the intervention based on their satisfaction scores Description: This figure presents the distribution of scores obtained from the researcher-developed checklist across all research units. Figure 1 legend: Distribution of surgical technologists’ satisfaction levels following the implementation of the SBAR-based intraoperative handover intervention. The pie chart presents the proportion of participants who rated their satisfaction as relatively acceptable (scores 11–25), acceptable (scores 26–40), and completely acceptable (scores 41–55). Satisfaction was assessed using an 11-item structured questionnaire, with total possible scores ranging from 11 to 55. It is the responsibility of the authors to obtain permission from the copyright holder to reproduce figures (or tables) that have previously been published elsewhere. additionalfile3.researchtools.docx Additional file 3: translated version of research tools Format: docs Title: Researcher-developed checklist for evaluating research units Description: This file contains the researcher-developed checklist used to assess the research units included in this study. Title: Satisfaction Questionnaire for surgical Technologists Regarding the Intraoperative Handover Process Description: This questionnaire was specifically developed to evaluate the satisfaction levels of surgical technologists with the handover process that occurs during surgical procedures. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7166985","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":532304499,"identity":"5ab9fae6-d58d-486e-940e-39f2743b6c7b","order_by":0,"name":"Fatemeh Nademi Ardestani","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Isfahan University of Medical Sciences","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fatemeh","middleName":"Nademi","lastName":"Ardestani","suffix":""},{"id":532304502,"identity":"f8002bfe-c321-446f-a926-8d10c167e739","order_by":1,"name":"Aygineh 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13:06:02","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":35071,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFormat: docs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitle:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 1. Distribution of Demographic Variables Among Surgical Technologists\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This table presents the raw data collected from the research units using the researcher-developed checklist before statistical analysis.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Distribution of Variables Related to Surgeries\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This table summarizes the descriptive statistics of the research units, including means, standard deviations, and frequencies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 3. Comparison of Mean Quality Scores for the Intraoperative Handover Process Among Surgical Technologists Across SBAR Components\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This table shows the results of the statistical analyses conducted on the data, including significance levels and effect sizes.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"additionalfile1.tables.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7166985/v1/93fc99b892b411cbd0bb5763.docx"},{"id":94362903,"identity":"32ef523c-35b2-43ed-aa63-5dccc2b18336","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-27 13:05:39","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":24888,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAdditional file 2: figure 1\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormat: pdf\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitle: The relative frequency of people in the test group after the intervention based on their satisfaction scores\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This figure presents the distribution of scores obtained from the researcher-developed checklist across all research units.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFigure 1 legend: Distribution of surgical technologists’ satisfaction levels following the implementation of the SBAR-based intraoperative handover intervention. The pie chart presents the proportion of participants who rated their satisfaction as relatively acceptable (scores 11–25), acceptable (scores 26–40), and completely acceptable (scores 41–55). Satisfaction was assessed using an 11-item structured questionnaire, with total possible scores ranging from 11 to 55.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt is the responsibility of the authors to obtain permission from the copyright holder to reproduce figures (or tables) that have previously been published elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"additionalfile2.figure1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7166985/v1/45a8429cc2c4555f81474fb5.jpg"},{"id":94363039,"identity":"d91834dc-a93e-4228-8178-976cde9bfcc8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-27 13:05:51","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":30130,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eAdditional file 3: translated version of research tools\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eFormat: docs\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitle:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearcher-developed checklist for evaluating research units\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This file contains the researcher-developed checklist used to assess the research units included in this study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTitle:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSatisfaction Questionnaire for surgical Technologists Regarding the Intraoperative Handover Process\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDescription: This questionnaire was specifically developed to evaluate the satisfaction levels of surgical technologists with the handover process that occurs during surgical procedures.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"additionalfile3.researchtools.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7166985/v1/8f14ac43b3a3846a6628623d.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Investigating the Effect of using SBAR Model on the quality of the Intraoperative Hand Over Process among Operating Room Staff and Their Satisfaction: A Quasi-experimental Study","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Handover, SBAR model, Operating Room department, Surgical Technologist, Satisfaction","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7166985/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7166985/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIntroduction: One of the hospital departments recognized as a high-risk environment due to organizational, educational, environmental, and technological needs is the operating room, where the handover process is common and challenging. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the impact of using the SBAR model on the quality of intraoperative handover between operating room technologists and to assess their satisfaction level.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in 2023 with the participation of 64 surgical technologists working in the gastrointestinal surgery departments of two educational hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. First, two hospitals were randomly assigned to either the experimental group and the control group and in each group 32 individuals were examined separately. In the intervention group, the SBAR model was taught for intraoperative patient handover in two one-hour training sessions. Data collection was performed using a three-part checklist based on the SBAR model for intraoperative handover assessment and a revised satisfaction questionnaire to evaluate surgical technologists\u0026rsquo; satisfaction with the handover process (additional file 3). The validity and reliability of both instruments were confirmed. No intervention was performed in the control group. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 23, employing paired t-tests, independent t-tests, and MANCOVA.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults: A total of 128 intraoperative handovers were analyzed. Independent t-test results showed a statistically significant difference in the mean handover quality score between the intervention and control groups after the intervention (p˂0.001), while no significant difference was observed before the intervention (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.40). MANCOVA results also indicated a statistically significant difference in the mean handover quality score between the two groups across all SBAR components (S, B, A, and R) before and after the intervention (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Furthermore, after the intervention, 56.25% of individuals in the test group reported their satisfaction with the SBAR model for intraoperative handover as being in the completely acceptable range (score range: 41\u0026ndash;55). The use of the standard SBAR checklist significantly increased the duration of intraoperative handover by an average of 3.5 minutes (p˂0/001).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion: The findings suggest that implementing the SBAR model as a structured handover approach can improve the quality of intraoperative patient handover and enhance surgical technologists\u0026rsquo; satisfaction with the process.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Investigating the Effect of using SBAR Model on the quality of the Intraoperative Hand Over Process among Operating Room Staff and Their Satisfaction: A Quasi-experimental Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-24 18:28:41","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7166985/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"c51b563c-1b3e-4fe1-9719-042ee32fd9a7","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-04-15T17:10:30+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-24 18:28:41","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7166985","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7166985","identity":"rs-7166985","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}