Current experimental models of endometriosis: achievements and prospects

In: Akusherstvo i ginekologiia · 2026 · vol. 9_2026 , pp. 49–56 · doi:10.18565/aig.2026.160 · W7215073191
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This review analyzes current experimental models of endometriosis, including in vitro systems and animal models, highlighting their limitations and the potential of integrating advanced technologies for future research.

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This review analyzes contemporary experimental models used to investigate endometriosis, ranging from in vitro systems like spheroids and organoids to in vivo rodent and primate models. The authors highlight that emerging technologies such as microfluidic "organ-on-a-chip" systems and 3D bioprinting offer improved simulation of complex cellular interactions compared to traditional methods. However, the paper explicitly notes a major limitation: no single model currently replicates the full clinical presentation of human disease, necessitating an integrated approach combining classic animal studies with advanced cellular techniques for effective translational research. This paper is centrally about endometriosis — specifically focusing on the development, advantages, and limitations of various experimental models used to study its pathogenesis and therapeutic testing.

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Современные экспериментальные модели эндометриоза: достижения и перспективы Леваков С.А., Громова Т.А., Ишбаева Д.И. Эндометриоз представляет собой хроническое заболевание, поражающее около 10–15% женщин репродуктивного возраста и являющееся основной причиной тазовой боли и бесплодия. Этиология и патогенез заболевания остаются недостаточно изученными, что затрудняет разработку эффективных методов лечения. Настоящий обзор посвящен анализу современных экспериментальных моделей, используемых для изучения эндометриоза, включая in vitro, in vivo, а также межотраслевые модели. Особое внимание уделено инновационным технологиям, таким как трехмерные клеточные культуры (сфероиды, органоиды), микрофлюидные системы «орган-на-чипе» и 3D-биопечать. Эти подходы позволяют моделировать сложные межклеточные взаимодействия и физиологические процессы, приближая in vitro условия к in vivo реальности. Рассматриваются модели на грызунах и нечеловекообразных приматах, их преимущества, ограничения и роль в изучении патогенеза и тестировании терапевтических средств. Заключение. Анализ литературы показывает, что, несмотря на разнообразие моделей, каждая из них имеет ограничения в полной имитации клинической картины заболевания у человека. Интеграция классических животных моделей с передовыми клеточными технологиями и методами визуализации открывает новые перспективы для фундаментальных исследований и доклинической разработки персонализированных методов диагностики и терапии эндометриоза. Вклад авторов. Леваков С.А. – концепция; Громова Т.А. – концепция, редактирование материала, написание текста; Ишбаева Д.И. – сбор и обработка материала, написание текста. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов. Финансирование. Работа выполнена без спонсорской поддержки. Генеративный искусственный интеллект. При создании данной статьи технологии генеративного искусственного интеллекта не использовали. Для цитирования: Леваков С.А., Громова Т.А., Ишбаева Д.И. Современные экспериментальные модели эндометриоза: достижения и перспективы. Акушерство и гинекология. 2026; 9: 49-56 https://dx.doi.org/10.18565/aig.2026.160 Ключевые слова Список литературы - Shafrir A.L., Farland L.V., Shah D.K., Harris H.R., Kvaskoff M., Zondervan K. et al. Risk for and consequences of endometriosis: A critical epidemiologic review. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2018; 51: 1-15. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2018.06.001 - França P.R.C., Lontra A.C.P., Fernandes P.D. Endometriosis: A disease with few direct treatment options. Molecules. 2022; 27(13): 4034. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27134034 - Romano A., Xanthoulea S., Giacomini E., Delvoux B., Alleva E., Vigano P. Endometriotic cell culture contamination and authenticity: a source of bias in in vitro research? Hum. 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Вестник рентгенологии и радиологии. 2024; 105(1): 6-12. https://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-6-12 [Blazhnova Е.М., Balter R.B., Ivanova Т.V., Pugacheva Т.А., Ibragimova А.R., Tselkovich L.S., Oganisyan А.Т. Prospects for Using 3D modeling and biomarkers in differential diagnosis of endometrioid ovarian cysts. Journal of radiology and nuclear medicine. 2024; 105(1): 6-12 (in Russian). https://dx.doi.org/10.20862/0042-4676-2024-105-1-6-12]. Поступила 07.05.2026 Принята в печать 09.07.2026 Об авторах / Для корреспонденции Леваков Сергей Александрович, д.м.н., профессор, заведующий кафедрой акушерства и гинекологии ИКМ им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, +7(495)609-14-00, [email protected],https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4591-838X Громова Татьяна Александровна, к.м.н., ассистент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии ИКМ им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, +7(495)609-14-00, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6104-9842 Ишбаева Дилфузахан Ишбаевна, аспирант кафедры акушерства и гинекологии ИКМ им. Н.В. Склифосовского, Первый МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова Минздрава России (Сеченовский Университет), 119991, Россия, Москва, ул. Трубецкая, д. 8, стр. 2, +7(495)609-14-00, [email protected], https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1999-0273 Автор, ответственный за переписку: Татьяна Александровна Громова, [email protected]

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