Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Perception of Nursing Care for Patients Attending the Emergency Service

Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Perception of Nursing Care for Patients Attending the Emergency Service | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Perception of Nursing Care for Patients Attending the Emergency Service Semra ENGİN, Latif DURAN This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383481/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objectives The aim of the study is to measure the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and to research how anxiety impacts their perceptions of nursing care. Methods The research was completed from 05.02.2021 to 03.07.2021 in a university hospital offering tertiary health services with participation of 360 patients attending the emergency service and accepting participation in the study. Data were collected using the descriptive information form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN). Results When linear regression analysis, applied with the aim of determining the effect of the anxiety levels of patients attending emergency service on their perception of nursing care, is investigated, state anxiety level negatively impacted the scale points for the perception of nursing care. As state anxiety scores increased, the level of being satisfied with nursing care reduced (r=-0.200; p < 0.001). Additionally, it was determined that trait anxiety scores did not affect the level of perception of nursing care. Conclusions The anxiety level of patients during their emergency service visit negatively impacts their perceptions of care from nursing services. emergency service emergency nursing anxiety perception of nursing care 1.INTRODUCTION Sudden and unexpectedly occurring illness, injury, trauma, acute pain and other clinical signs and symptoms cause patients attending emergency services to experience different levels of anxiety [ 1 , 2 ], which leads to the emergence of new complications in this process and negatively impacts the recovery period [ 3 ]. Additionally, it is reported that the anxiety and depression rates among emergency service patients are higher by a significant degree compared to the general population [ 4 ]. Thus, nursing interventions in this complex environment gain importance to improve the continuity of care, develop the self-care abilities of patients and reduce psychological symptoms [ 5 ]. 1.1 Background The emergency service comprises units designed and equipped to treat patients requiring emergency care and the focal point of these units is generally biomedical and life-saving procedures based on medical status and technology [ 6 ]. As a result, emergency services play a vital role in emergency situations and management of critical patients, and quality of care is directly connected to patient safety and recovery outcomes [ 6 , 7 ]. With developments in medical technology and the aging population, the volume and complexity of emergency service cases has increased and this has led to greater work load pressure and clinical challenges. Emergency service patients have a variety of medical disorders requiring more structured and meticulous care approaches, high psychological stress and need complex nursing care [ 7 ]. Additionally, continuity of care involves ensuring uninterrupted care during the patient’s stay, including monitoring the patient’s status, implementing care precautions and evaluating results [ 5 ]. In this high-stress environment, patients frequently may experience anxiety due to the emergent nature of their status, uncertainty about treatment and long waiting times [ 7 ]. While emergency service nurses naturally prioritize life-saving interventions, it is essential to deal with patient care in an integrated way. Nurses undertake an important role in identifying and considering the patient’s comprehensive needs and in planning treatment. The basic element that needs focus in nursing care is emphasized to be the patient’s perceptions of nursing care and care should be seen from the perspective of the person receiving care [ 8 ]. In line with this, in this study, the aim was to investigate the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and their perceptions of nursing care, in order to recommend appropriate strategies in the context of the results. 2. METHODS Aim The aim of the study is to measure the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and to research how anxiety impacts their perceptions of nursing care. The research questions are as follows: What are the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service? What are the nursing care perceptions of patients attending the emergency service? Do the sociodemographic characteristics of patients attending the emergency service affect their nursing care perceptions? Do the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service affect their nursing care perceptions? Study design and participants This research was a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive survey study using random sampling. The population for the research comprised 5655 patients attending the emergency service due to a range of problems and complaints. Based on the formula used to identify the number of individuals to be included in the sample in situations with known population, with 95% confidence interval and 5% acceptable error rate, it was determined that the sample needed to include 360 emergency service patients. In line with this, the study was completed with participation of 360 patients, who volunteered to participate, did not have psychiatric disease diagnosis and were aged over 18 years. Setting This research was completed in the emergency service of a university hospital providing tertiary care services from 08.00–22.00 all week long from 05.02.2021 to 03.07.2021. Compliance with STROBE guidelines This study was conducted using an descriptive cross sectional desing, with careful adherence to the internationally recognized STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Descriptive Studies in Epidemiology) checklist to enhance reporting quality. Data collection and instrumentation Data obtained in the study were collected with the face-to-face survey method. Data collection tools comprised a patient descriptive information form, prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN). -Patient Introductory Information Form This form comprised a total of 21 questions with 13 about sociodemographic information (age, sex, marital status, education level, employment status, occupation, social insurance status, place of residence, family type, number of children, income level, smoking status, alcohol use) and 8 questions about the patient’s reasons for attending the emergency service and status (reason for emergency attendance, time and hour of admission to emergency service, frequency of emergency service attendance, etc.). - State-Trait Anxiety Inventory This inventory, developed with the aim of measuring state and trait anxiety, comprises 2 subscales with 20 items each for a total of 40 items. The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) is used to identify how an individual feels at a certain time and in certain conditions, while the other subscale of the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) is used with the aim of identifying how anxious a person feels in general. High points obtained from each subscale indicate high anxiety levels [ 9 ]. The inventory was translated to Turkish with validity and reliability studies performed by Öner ve Le Compte (1998) in 1976. In this study, the STAI-1 had Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.935, while the STAI-2 had Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.860. -Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN) The aim in developing this scale, with a total of 15 items and 5-point Likert rating, was to identify the patient’s perceptions of nursing care and their satisfaction with this care. Increases in total points obtained from the scale indicate that the patient is satisfied with nursing care [ 10 ]. The scale had Turkish validity and reliability study performed by Çoban and Kaşıkçı [ 11 ] and the scale was found to have Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.92. In this study, the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient for the scale was 0.955. Ethical consideration The research began after receiving permission from Ondokuz Mayıs Clinical Research Ethics Committee (27.11.2020, Number:B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/746). Written permission was obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Directorate and Research Center to perform the research in Ondokuz Mayıs University Emergency Service. Participants were given information about the aim and importance of the study, participation was based on volunteering and privacy was preserved. The study was completed in accordance with the ethical principles in the Helsinki Declaration. Analysis of Data Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS v.23. Fit to normal distribution was investigated with the Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests. Comparison in two-way groups used the independent two-samples t test for comparison of data with normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of data without normal distribution. Comparisons of data in three or more groups with normal distribution used the one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test for multiple comparisons. Comparison of qualitative data without normal distribution in three or more groups used the Kruskal Wallis test, with the Pearson correlation coefficient used to investigate correlations between data with normal distribution. The effect of the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service on nursing care perceptions was investigated with linear regression analysis. Analysis results are given as mean ± standard deviation and median (minimum-maximum) for quantitative data and as frequency (percentage) for categoric data. Significance level was taken as p < 0.050 and the Cronbach alpha analysis was used when determining the reliability of the scales. 3. RESULTS The distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of patients is given in Table 1 . The distribution of clinical features of patients is presented in Table 2 . The mean scores for the STAI and PPHEN and the minimum and maximum scores obtained from the scales are presented in Table 3 . Table 1 Distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of patients Frequency(n) Percentage(%) Age 18–45 246 68.33 46–65 81 22.50 > 65 33 9.17 Sex Woman 177 49.20 Man 183 50.80 Marital status Single 113 31.39 Married 220 61.11 Divorced-widowed 27 7.50 Educational level Illiterate 4 1.11 Literate 25 6.94 Primary school 61 16.94 Middle school 36 10.00 High school 94 26.11 University 140 38.89 Employed Yes 195 195.00 No 165 165.00 Occupation Housewife 65 18.06 Laborer 37 10.28 Civil servant 78 21.67 Freelance 35 9.72 Retired 44 12.22 Student 38 10.56 Unemployed 18 5.00 Other 45 12.50 Social insurance Yes 323 89.72 No 37 10.28 Place of residence Province 227 62.88 County 97 26.87 Village 36 9.97 Family structure Nuclear family 281 78.06 Extended family 79 21.94 Has children Yes 227 63.06 No 133 36.94 Income level Income less than expenditure 165 45.83 Income equal to expenditure 120 33.33 Income more than expenditure 75 20.83 Smokes Yes 142 39.44 No 197 54.72 Quit 21 5.83 Alcohol use Yes 64 17.78 No 275 76.39 Quit 21 5.83 *Multiple responses Table 2 Distribution of findings related to clinical features of patients Time of admission to emergency service Day 197 54.72 Night 163 45.28 Time of attendance 06–12 55 15.28 12–18 136 37.78 18–24 126 35.00 24 − 06 43 11.94 Transport to emergency service Ambulance 52 14.44 Own vehicle 308 85.56 Used drugs before attending emergency service Yes No 153 42.50 207 57.50 Previous attendance at emergency service Yes 274 76.11 No 86 23.89 Frequency of attendance at emergency service First time One time Two times Three times Four times Five times Six times 68 18.89 31 8.61 69 19.17 72 20.00 17 4.72 26 7.22 15 4.17 Seven or more times 62 17.22 Discharge status Treated and discharged Admitted to emergency Admitted to other clinics 261 72.50 56 15.56 43 11.94 Reason for attending emergency service* Pain Fever 159 44.3 97 27.0 Shortness of breath 54 15.0 Anemia 10 2.8 Urinary retention 2 0.6 Hematemesis 2 0.6 Rectal bleeding 5 1.4 Cough 94 26.2 Insufficient oral intake 5 1.4 Hematuria 6 1.7 Hemoptysis 2 0.6 Drowsiness 12 3.3 Tiredness-fatigue 48 13.4 Confusion 8 2.2 Diarrhea 21 5.8 Nausea-vomiting 51 14.2 Phlegm 20 5.6 Weight loss 6 1.7 Abdominal distension 12 3.3 Syncope 14 3.9 General status disorder 18 5.0 Depression 16 4.5 Other 73 20.3 *Multiple responses Table 3 Descriptive statistics for PPHEN and STAI scales Mean S. Deviation Median Minimum Maximum Patient perception of nursing care scale score State anxiety score Trait anxiety score 60.2 46.6 43.8 14.8 12.9 9.9 65.0 46.0 43.0 15.0 20.0 23.0 75.0 80.0 79.0 With the aim of investigating the factors affecting the anxiety of participants, the STAI scores and sociodemographic characteristics were compared (Table 4 ). Marital status, educational level, employment status, social insurance, income level and smoking were effective on state anxiety (p < 0.05). According to these findings, there were higher state anxiety scores for those who were divorced-widowed compared to those who were single; for those who were literate compared to those who were university graduates; for those who were not working compared to those who were; for those without social insurance compared to those with it; for those with income less than expenditure compared to those with equal or more income; and for those who smoked compared to those who did not. Features like sex, occupation, family structure and alcohol use were not determined to affect state anxiety. Table 4 Comparison of sociodemographic characteristics and scale scores of patients State anxiety score Trait anxiety score Patient perception of nursing care scale score Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Sex Woman 47.1 ± 13.1 46 (20–80) 46.2 ± 10.1 45 (24–79) 61.9 ± 13.8 66 (22–75) Man 46.1 ± 12.7 46 (20–77) 41.4 ± 9.2 41 (23–78) 58.5 ± 15.6 64 (15–75) Test statistic U = 15395.000 t = 4.646 t=-2.187 p 0.417 < 0.001 0.029 Marital status Single 43.9 ± 13.5 a 44 (20–80) 44.5 ± 10.1 45 (23–79) 59.3 ± 16.2 65 (15–75) Married 47.4 ± 12.5 ab 47 (21–77) 43.3 ± 9.8 42 (24–78) 60.7 ± 14.2 65 (15–75) Divorced-widowed 50.9 ± 12 b 47 (31–80) 44.1 ± 10.2 43 (28–69) 59.7 ± 14.1 63 (20–75) Test statistic F = 4.438 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) =3.011 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 0.490 p 0.012 0.222 0.783 Educational level Illiterate 43.8 ± 8 ab 46.5 (32–50) 47 ± 9.5 45.5 (38–59) 71.5 ± 2.6 71 (69–75) Literate 51.7 ± 10 a 54 (33–67) 47 ± 8.8 45 (33–66) 57.8 ± 17.6 67 (28–75) Primary school 47.2 ± 13.2 ab 47 (24–77) 42 ± 10.2 42 (24–68) 56.2 ± 15.5 58 (15–75) Middle school 49.3 ± 13.9 ab 47.5 (22–80) 44.4 ± 9.6 42.5 (29–69) 64.4 ± 12 67.5 (33–75) High school 48.1 ± 13.2 ab 48 (22–77) 42.7 ± 10 42 (24–78) 60 ± 15 64.5 (15–75) University 43.7 ± 12.4 b 44 (20–80) 44.4 ± 10 45 (23–79) 61.1 ± 14.3 65 (15–75) Test statistic F = 2.886 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) =7.704 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 10.826 P 0.014 0.173 0.055 Employed Yes 45.3 ± 11.9 45 (20–77) 42.1 ± 9.1 42 (24–74) 60.3 ± 14.6 65 (15–75) No 48 ± 14 48 (20–80) 45.7 ± 10.5 45 (23–79) 60.1 ± 15.1 65 (15–75) Test statistic U = 19449 t=-3.506 t=-0.079 P 0.001 0.001 0.937 Social insurance Yes 45.9 ± 12.3 46 (20–77) 43.1 ± 9.5 42 (23–74) 59.6 ± 14.5 64 (15–75) No 52.6 ± 16.5 54 (23–80) 49.7 ± 11.2 47 (29–79) 65.1 ± 16.4 72 (15–75) Test statistic U = 8010.500 U = 4077.500 U = 7383.500 p 0.001 0.002 0.019 Place of residence Province 46.5 ± 12.7 46 (22–80) 42.7 ± 9.7 42 (24–79) b 61 ± 14.2 65 (15–75) County 46.1 ± 13.9 46 (20–76) 45.2 ± 10.1 44 (24–78) ab 57.8 ± 16.6 61 (15–75) Village 48.4 ± 11.5 49.5 (20–80) 46.6 ± 10.2 45 (23–69) a 61.6 ± 12.9 64.5 (30–75) Test statistic F = 0.413 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 8.923 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 1.691 p 0.062 0.012 0.429 Has children Yes 46.9 ± 12.2 47 (21–77) 43.2 ± 9.8 42 (24–78) 60.5 ± 14.4 65 (15–75) No 46 ± 14.1 46 (20–80) 44.7 ± 10.1 45 (23–79) 59.7 ± 15.4 64 (15–75) Test statistic t=-1.115 U = 17083.500 U = 15255.500 p 0.266 0.037 0.866 Income level Income less than expenditure 49.4 ± 14.3 49 (22–80) b 45 ± 10.5 44 (24–79) 58.1 ± 17 65 (15–75) Income equal to expenditure 44.1 ± 11.2 46 (20–70) a 42.8 ± 8.7 42.5 (23–64) 61.3 ± 12.7 64 (23–75) Income more than expenditure 44.2 ± 11.1 45 (22–77) a 42.5 ± 10.2 41 (24–74) 62.9 ± 12 65 (27–75) Test statistic \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 10.869 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 3.876 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 3.157 P 0.004 0.144 0.206 Smokes Yes 49.6 ± 13.2 a 49 (22–80) 43.8 ± 10.8 42.5 (24–79) 57.6 ± 15.9 62 (15–75) a No 44.1 ± 12.2 b 44 (20–77) 43.8 ± 9.6 44 (23–68) 61.5 ± 14.3 66 (15–75) b Quit 48.7 ± 13.7 ab 47 (24–74) 42.7 ± 6.7 42 (30–56) 65.3 ± 8.8 68 (49–75) ab Test statistic F = 8.103 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 0.750 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 7.464 P < 0.001 0.687 0.024 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) : Kruskal Wallis test statistic, U: Mann Whitney U test statistic, t: independent two-samples test statistic, F: one-way analysis of variance test statistic, a−b : No difference between groups with the same letter Trait anxiety levels were identified to be affected by sex, employment status, social insurance, place of residence and having children (p < 0.05). These findings show that trait anxiety levels were higher for women compared to men; for unemployed people compared to employed people; for those without social insurance compared to those with social insurance; for those living in villages compared to those living in provincial towns; and for those without children compared to those with children. Additionally, marital status, educational level, occupation, family structure, income level, smoking and alcohol use were not effective on trait anxiety levels. The STAI scores for participants included within the scope of the research are presented in Table 5 in comparison with clinical features. It was identified that the form of attendance at the emergency service and form of treatment affected state anxiety levels. Those who attended the emergency service with an ambulance had higher state anxiety compared to those arriving with their own vehicle, while those admitted to emergency or other clinics had higher state anxiety compared to those who were discharged (p < 0.05). Time of being admitted to the emergency service, hour of attending, status of using drugs before attending the emergency service, previous emergency service attendance and frequency of emergency service attendance were determined not to affect state anxiety levels. It was found that time of admission, time of attendance, transport to the emergency service, status of using drugs before attending the emergency status, previous emergency service attendance and frequency of emergency service attendance did not affect trait anxiety levels. Table 5 Comparison of clinical features with scale scores of patients State anxiety score Trait anxiety score Patient perception of nursing care scale score Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Mean ± S. deviation Median (min. - max.) Transport to emergency service Ambulance 50 ± 12.6 50 (28–76) 45.3 ± 10 45 (24–78) 58 ± 14.7 59 (18–75) Own vehicle 46 ± 12.9 46 (20–80) 43.5 ± 9.9 42.5 (23–79) 60.6 ± 14.8 65 (15–75) Test statistic t = 2.111 U = 7002.500 U = 7040.000 p 0.035 0.147 0.162 Discharge status Treated and discharged 44.9 ± 12.2 a 45 (20–77) 43.2 ± 9.9 42 (23–74) 59.5 ± 15.4 65 (15–75) Admitted to emergency 50.8 ± 13.3 b 51 (28–80) 45.4 ± 10.4 44 (24–78) 60.3 ± 14.7 64.5 (18–75) Admitted to other clinic 51.4 ± 14.7 b 51 (23–80) 45 ± 9.2 44 (26–79) 64 ± 10.4 67 (30–75) Test statistic F = 8.522 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 3.252 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}=\) 1.318 p < 0.001 0.197 0.517 \(\:{\chi\:}^{2}\) : Kruskal Wallis test statistic, U: Mann Whitney U test statistic, t: independent two-samples test statistic, F: one-way analysis of variance test statistic, a−b : No difference between groups with the same letter The PPHEN scores and sociodemographic characteristics of patients attending the emergency service are compared in Table 4 . Sex, social insurance, and smoking were determined to impact the patients’ perception of nursing care (p < 0.05). The findings show that satisfaction with nursing care was higher for women compared to men; for those without social insurance compared to those with social insurance; and for those who did not smoke compared to those who smoked. Additionally, marital status, educational level, employment status, occupation, place of residence, family structure, having children, income level and alcohol use were not identified to affect the patients’ perceptions of nursing care. Additionally, clinical features like time of admission to the emergency service, time of attendance, transport to the emergency service, using drugs before attending the emergency service, previous attendance at the emergency service, frequency of attending the emergency service and discharge status were identified not to affect the patients’ perceptions of nursing care. The correlations between the STAI scores and subscales and the PPHEN scores for patients included within the scope of the study were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings identified a weak level, positive correlation between the trait anxiety scores and the state anxiety scores (r = 0.393; p < 0.001). There was a weak and negative correlation between the state anxiety scores and the PPHEN scores (r=-0.200; p < 0.001), while there was no correlation between trait anxiety scores and PPHEN scores (r=-0.027; p = 0.615). When linear regression analysis is investigated, implemented with the aim of determining the effect of anxiety levels of patients attending emergency service on their perception of nursing care, state anxiety levels negatively impacted the patients’ nursing care perception scores. As state anxiety scores increased, the level of being satisfied with nursing care reduced. A one-unit increase in state anxiety scores reduced perception of nursing care by 0.257. Trait anxiety scores were determined not to have a statistically significant effect on perceptions of nursing care (p > 0.050) (Table 6 ). Table 6 Linear regression analysis for the effect of anxiety levels on nursing care perceptions of patients attending the emergency service β 0 S. Error β 1 t p 95% confidence interval Zero-order Partial VIF Lower limit Upper limit Fixed 68.137 3.799 17.934 < 0.001 60.665 75.609 State anxiety score -0.257 0.065 -0.224 -3.984 < 0.001 -0.384 -0.130 -0.200 -0.206 1.183 Trait anxiety score 0.092 0.084 0.062 1.095 0.274 -0.073 0.257 -0.027 0.058 1.183 F = 8.070, p < 0.001, R 2 = 0.043, CorrectedR 2 = 0.038, β 0 : unstandardized beta coefficient, β 1 : Standardized beta coefficient 4. DISCUSSION The quality of care offered in the emergency service is reported to be under continuous threat due to elderly patients with complex problems, crowded patient groups, lack of nursing and other health personnel and dynamic decision-making processes based on limited information involving life-threatening diseases [ 12 ]. There are studies which identified that the anxiety rates among emergency service patients were very high compared to the general population [ 4 , 13 , 14 ]. Psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression and fear among emergency service patients were reported to negatively impact recovery and lengthen hospitalization duration [ 5 ]. Additionally, among other effects reported on health outcomes, anxiety may cause patients to exaggerate the severity of their situation, cause lower quality of life and be faced with higher health costs, independent of the severity of their disease [ 15 ]. The mean STAI-1 total score for patients included in this research was 46.6 ± 12.9, with mean STAI-2 total score of 43.8 ± 9.9. In a study with the aim of determining the anxiety levels of patients undergoing surgical interventions, Özyürek and Göktaş [ 16 ] determined the STAI-1 score was 47.50 ± 2.90 in the emergency group, similar to the findings of our study, while the score was 43.56 ± 2.99 among elective cases. This situation is thought to be due to the sudden and unexpected occurrence of the event in emergency cases and uncertainty about outcomes. In our research, when interpreting this data we obtained related to the state anxiety scores of patients, we believe it is necessary to consider reasons for inability to communicate with patients such as patient psattending with severe acute symptoms and angry individuals not wanting to communicate. Another important research question in our study was about determining patient perceptions of nursing care. A study underlined the need for the primary focal point to be the patient’s perception of nursing care, emphasizing the importance of the patient’s perspective in the care process [ 17 ]. When the literature is investigated, there are studies where patients both positively [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ] and negatively [ 22 , 23 , 24 ] evaluated nursing care. In this study, considering the scale scores, patients had levels of satisfaction with nursing care that were above average. Communication between health teams with patients and families is defined as the most important factor for care quality [ 25 ]. The literature states that patients who find communication with nurses and care adequate have higher satisfaction [ 21 ]. It is an expected situation that patients who are able to obtain adequate information and care from nurses and communicate effectively have higher satisfaction with nursing care with reduced fear and anxiety. Among the critical elements affecting perceptions of nursing care personally are the accessibility of the nurses and mutually respectful, kind, open and honest communication [ 19 , 26 , 27 ]. For example, in a study in China, Zhao and Akkadechanunt [ 28 ] reported high satisfaction levels for statements like “nurses were there when I needed them”. Similarly, in this study, the majority of participants agreed with the statement on the PPHEN that “I am sure nurses will be there when I need them” at a rate of 54.4%. In this research, the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients were compared with the STAI and PPHEN mean scores. There were no impacts on both state-trait anxiety and patient perception of nursing care due to occupation, family structure, alcohol use, time of admission to emergency service, time of attendance, use of drugs before attendance and previous attendance at the emergency service. The sex factor was identified to have an effect on both trait anxiety levels and care perceptions. In this study women experienced higher levels of anxiety compared to men and were less satisfied with nursing care. With the increase in educational level, the desires and expectations of the individual change, and it is reported they may think critically related to services and actively participate in care [ 24 ]. In this research, as the educational level increased, anxiety levels were determined to reduce. Supporting the findings of our research, Shaermoghadam et al. [ 29 ] associated low educational levels with high anxiety. Additionally, in this study, educational level was not identified to affect patient care perceptions. In this study performed in the emergency service, people not being employed, having lower income than expenditure, not having social insurance and smoking had negative impacts on anxiety. Especially in departments like the emergency service where the severity of the situation and process cannot be predicted, individuals require social insurance and if they do not have it, it is thought that anxiety levels will increase due to uncertainty about the process. Contrary to the findings of our research, in a study including chronic patients using a different scale [ 30 ], there was no significant correlation between the presence of social insurance and anxiety levels. Additionally, in a study supporting our research findings, there was a significant correlation between cigarette addiction and anxiety [ 31 ]. Another study investigated the income level and anxiety level of patients and identified that patients with low-moderate income levels had higher anxiety levels, supporting the findings of our research [ 32 ]. Additionally, the correlation of attendance frequency and anxiety was investigated by considering that attending several times may have a negative impact on anxiety; however, there was no significant correlation identified. A study of emergency service patients reported that even with life-threatening conditions, patients had needs extending beyond their physical needs and that existential thoughts and feelings emerged with the serious nature of the situation [ 6 ]. The findings obtained in this research show that anxiety levels during emergency service attendance negatively impact the perceptions of nursing care. Additionally, independent of the situation and conditions in which the person finds themselves, mostly the anxiety status related to how they feel had no effect on nursing care perceptions. A study aiming to determine the correlation between anxiety and depression with patient perceptions of nursing care reported feelings of anxiety negatively affected perceptions of nursing care, supporting our results [ 33 ]. Another recent research, investigating the effect of a standardized quality care model on anxiety among patients receiving care in the emergency service, reported there was strong evidence that a standardized quality care model effectively reduced anxiety and depression, improved physiological balance, increased quality of life and increased patient adherence and satisfaction among emergency service patients [ 7 ]. 5. CONCLUSION In this research, anxiety levels during attendance in the emergency service were determined to negatively affect the perceptions of nursing care. To be able to increase care quality, it is important that nurses are able to recognize patients with high anxiety levels and make appropriate interventions. Providing information about the process to patients and creating an environment of trust may positively affect care perceptions. The lower the anxiety levels of patients during attendance, it is probable that the satisfaction with nursing services will be correspondingly high. 6. LIMITATIONS Since the research findings were based on the responses of patients to items on the scales, the responses may have been affected by the physical discomfort the patients were experiencing at that moment. Long-term observation and evaluation was not performed after discharge with the aim of assessing the accuracy of the responses given by patients during face-to-face interviews. Additionally, the inability to communicate with patients attending with severe acute symptoms, angry individuals not wanting to communicate and the inability to encompass patients not included in the research due to the length of the questions and scales included in the survey are other limitations of the research. Additionally, this research was only completed with patients attending the emergency service in one university hospital. There is a need for other research in the future to be able to generalize the findings. Abbreviations State Trait Anxiety Inventory STAI Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing PPHEN State Anxiety Form STAI-1 Trait Anxiety Form STAI-2 Declarations Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. Funding Sources/Disclosures The authors declare no conflict of interest. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Funding Statement This research received no external funding. Ethics approval and consent to participate The research began after receiving permission from Ondokuz Mayıs Clinical Research Ethics Committee (27.11.2020, Number:B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/746). Written permission was obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Directorate and Research Center to perform the research in Ondokuz Mayıs University Emergency Service. Participants were given information about the aim and importance of the study, participation was based on volunteering and privacy was preserved. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study.The study was completed in accordance with the ethical principles in the Helsinki Declaration. Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests Declaration of competing interest The authors declare there is no conflict of interest. Funding Statement: This research received no external funding. Author Contribution Semra Engin: references, project management, methodology, research, acquiring funds, formal analysis, data curatorship, writing – original draft, conceptualization. Latif Duran: verification, auditing, conceptualization, writing – revision and editing. Acknowledgment: We thank the emergency department patients who participated in the study. Data Availability Data for this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Data Availability Data for this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. References Anghele M, Marina V, Moscu CA, Dragomir L, Anghele AD, Lescai AM. Emotional distress in a patients following polytrauma. J Multidiscip Healthc. 2023;1161–70. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S405904 . Kapoor S, White J, Thorn BE, Block P. Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute pain: the significant role of pain catastrophizing and state anxiety. Pain med. 2016;17(6):1069–78. Sidar A, Dedeli Ö, İşkesen AI. Açık kalp cerrahisi öncesi ve sonrası hastaların kaygı ve ağrı distresi: ağrı düzeyi ile ilişkisinin incelenmesi. Yoğun Bakım Dergisi. 2013;4(1):1–8. 10.5152/dcbybd.2013.02 . Abar B, Holub A, Lee J, Derienzo V, Nobay F. Depression and anxiety among emergency department patients: utilization and barriers to care. Acad Emerg Med. 2017;24(10):1286–9. 10.1111/acem.13261 . Xu S, Gu YF, Dong AH. Impact of an emergency department nursing intervention on continuity of care, self-care, and psychological symptoms. World J Psychiatry. 2023;13(12):1046. 10.5498/wjp.v13.i12.1046 . Pavedahl V, Muntlin Å, Von Thiele Schwarz U, Summer Meranius M, Holmström IK. Fundamental care in the emergency room: insights from patients with life-threatening conditions in the emergency room. BMC Emerg Med. 2024;24(1):217. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12873-024-01133-4 . Chen F, Jiang J, Chen X, Diao D, Xia X, Ye L. Impact of a standardized quality care model on anxiety in patients retained in the emergency department: A retrospective study. Med (Baltim). 2025;104(15):e42073. 10.1097/MD.0000000000042073 . Aydın M, Kaşıkçı M. Hastaların hemşirelik bakımını algılayışları. Hemşirelikte Araştırma Geliştirme Dergisi. 2019;21(3):14–24. https://doi.org/10.69487/hemarge.1190656 . Spielberger CD, Reheiser EC. Measuring anxiety, anger, depression, and curiosity as emotional states and personality traits with the STAI, STAXI and STPI. In: Hilsenroth MJ, Segal DL, editors. Comprehensive Handbook of Psychological Assessment. Personality assessment. Volume 2. Hokoben, NJ: Wiley; 2004. pp. 70–86. Dozier AM, Kitzman HJ, Ingersoll GL, Holmberg S, Schultz AW. Development of an instrument to measure patient perception of the quality of nursing care. Res Nurs Health. 2001;24(6):506–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.10007 . Çoban Gİ, Kaşıkçı M. Hastanın hemşirelik bakımını algılayışı ölçeğinin geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması [Tez]. Atatürk Üniversitesi; 2006. Available from: https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ de Groot B, Meijs NT, Moscova M, Raven W, Gaakeer MI, Thijssen WA, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of emergency department patients across health care systems: an international multicenter cohort study. Int J Emerg Med. 2024;17(1):123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12245-024-00715-0 . Dark T, Rust G, Flynn HA, Kinsell H, Harman JS. Sociodemographic influences of emergency department care for anxiety disorders. J Behav Health Serv Res. 2018;45:593–604. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9598-7 . Marchesi C, Brusamonti E, Borghi C, Giannini A, Di Ruvo R, Minneo, et al. Anxiety and depressive disorders in an emergency department ward of a general hospital: a control study. Emerg Med J. 2004;21(2):175–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/emj.2003.006957 . Herrera-Espiñeira C, del Aguila MDMR, del Castillo MR, Valdivia AF, Sánchez IR. (2009). Relationship between anxiety level of patients and their satisfaction with different aspects of healthcare. Health Policy . 2009; 89 (1):37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.04.012 Özyürek H, Göktaş S. Acil ve elektif cerrahide hastaların anksiyete düzeylerinin ve hemşirelik bakım memnuniyetlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Dergisi. 2021;3(2):83–92. https://doi.org/10.48071/sbuhemsirelik.936956 . Williams AM. The delivery of quality nursing care: a grounded theory study of the nurse’s perspective. J Adv Nurs. 1998;27(4):808–16. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.1998.00590.x . Alhusban MA, Abualrub RF. Patient satisfaction with nursing care in Jordan. J Nurs Manag. 2009;17(6):749–758. 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2008.00927.x . PMID: 19694918. Twayana S, Adhikari RH. Patient’s perception regarding nursing care at inpatient department of hospitals in Bhaktapur District. Int J Sci Res Publ . 2015; 5 (5):1–3. Available from: http://www.ijsrp.org/research-paper-0515.php?rp=P414029 Sillero Sillero A, Zabalegui A. Satisfaction of surgical patients with perioperative nursing care in a Spanish tertiary care hospital. SAGE Open Med. 2018;6:2050312118818304. 10.1177/2050312118818304 . PMID: 30574305; PMCID: PMC6295759. Özşaker E, Sevilmiş H, Özcan Y, Samast M. Cerrahi hastalarının hemşirelik bakımını algılayışı ve memnuniyet düzeyleri. J Contemp Med. 2021;11(1):1–9. 10.16899/jcm.711131 . Haile Eyasu K, Adane AA, Amdie FZ, Getahun TB, Biwota MA. Adult Patients’ Satisfaction with inpatient nursing care and associated factors in an Ethiopian Referral Hospital, Northeast, Ethiopia. Adv Nurs. 2016;(1):6308617. doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/6308617 . Kasa AS, Gedamu H. Predictors of adult patient satisfaction with nursing care in public hospitals of Amhara region, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):52. 10.1186/s12913-019-3898-3 . PMID: 30665400; PMCID: PMC6341709. Öztürk H, Demirsoy N, Sayligil O, Florczak KL. Patients' Perceptions of Nursing Care in a University Hospital. Nurs Sci Q. 2020;33(1):12–18. doi: 10.1177/0894318419881798. PMID: 31795894. Sviri S, Geva D, vanHeerden PV, Romain M, Rawhi H, Abutbul A, Orenbuch-Harroch E, Bentur N. Implementation of a structured communication tool improves family satisfaction and expectations in the intensive care unit. J Crit Care. 2019;51:6–12. Epub 2019 Jan 14. PMID: 30677620. Samina M, Gj Q, Tabish S, Samiya M, Riyaz R. Patient's Perception of Nursing Care at a Large Teaching Hospital in India. Int J Health Sci (Qassim). 2008;2(2):92–100. PMID: 21475490; PMCID: PMC3068745. Köseoğlu S, Seki Z. Genel cerrahi servisinde yatan hastaların batın ameliyatı sonrası hemşirelik bakımına ilişkin memnuniyet düzeylerinin belirlenmesi. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;24(2):121–33. Zhao SH, Akkadechanunt T. Patients’ perceptions of quality nursing care in a Chinese hospital. Int J Nurs Midwifery. 2011;3(9):145–9. Shaermoghadam S, Shahdadi H, Abadi MT, Afshari M. Does a higher educational level protect against anxiety and stress of candidate patients for protective aggressive procedures? Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2018;12(2). 10.5958/0973-9130.2018.00100.7 . Buldan Ö, Kurban NK. Kronik hastalığı olan olguların anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri ile hemşirelik bakımı algısı arasındaki ilişki. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi Elektronik Dergisi 2018; 11 (4):274–282. Available from: https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/deuhfed/issue/46759/586467 Rujnan T, Çaykara B, Sağlam Z, Pençe HH. Sigara bağımlılarında depresyon, anksiyete, uykululuk ve uyku kalitesi düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin belirlenmesi. Acıbadem Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi. 2019;10(4):609–15. Gürses L, Yılmaz ER. Beyin Cerrahi Servisinde Spinal Travma Tanısı ile Yatan Hastalarda Anksiyete Düzeyleri ve Hasta İyileşmesi Üzerine Etkileri. J Ankara Univ Fac Med. 2020;73(1):53–9. 10.4274/atfm.galenos.2020.41275 . Atta MHR, Elsayed SM, Shurafi SOA, Eweida RS. The mediating role of cardiac patients' perception of nursing care on the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression in rural hospitals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Nurs. 2024;23(1):238. 10.1186/s12912-024-01875-3 . PMID: 38600487; PMCID: PMC11005151. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. 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recovery period [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, it is reported that the anxiety and depression rates among emergency service patients are higher by a significant degree compared to the general population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Thus, nursing interventions in this complex environment gain importance to improve the continuity of care, develop the self-care abilities of patients and reduce psychological symptoms [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e\u003ch2\u003e1.1 Background\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe emergency service comprises units designed and equipped to treat patients requiring emergency care and the focal point of these units is generally biomedical and life-saving procedures based on medical status and technology [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. As a result, emergency services play a vital role in emergency situations and management of critical patients, and quality of care is directly connected to patient safety and recovery outcomes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith developments in medical technology and the aging population, the volume and complexity of emergency service cases has increased and this has led to greater work load pressure and clinical challenges. Emergency service patients have a variety of medical disorders requiring more structured and meticulous care approaches, high psychological stress and need complex nursing care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, continuity of care involves ensuring uninterrupted care during the patient\u0026rsquo;s stay, including monitoring the patient\u0026rsquo;s status, implementing care precautions and evaluating results [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. In this high-stress environment, patients frequently may experience anxiety due to the emergent nature of their status, uncertainty about treatment and long waiting times [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. While emergency service nurses naturally prioritize life-saving interventions, it is essential to deal with patient care in an integrated way. Nurses undertake an important role in identifying and considering the patient\u0026rsquo;s comprehensive needs and in planning treatment. The basic element that needs focus in nursing care is emphasized to be the patient\u0026rsquo;s perceptions of nursing care and care should be seen from the perspective of the person receiving care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. In line with this, in this study, the aim was to investigate the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and their perceptions of nursing care, in order to recommend appropriate strategies in the context of the results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"2. METHODS","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAim\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aim of the study is to measure the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and to research how anxiety impacts their perceptions of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe research questions are as follows:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat are the nursing care perceptions of patients attending the emergency service?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eDo the sociodemographic characteristics of patients attending the emergency service affect their nursing care perceptions?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cp\u003eDo the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service affect their nursing care perceptions?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eStudy design and participants\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research was a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive survey study using random sampling. The population for the research comprised 5655 patients attending the emergency service due to a range of problems and complaints. Based on the formula used to identify the number of individuals to be included in the sample in situations with known population, with 95% confidence interval and 5% acceptable error rate, it was determined that the sample needed to include 360 emergency service patients. In line with this, the study was completed with participation of 360 patients, who volunteered to participate, did not have psychiatric disease diagnosis and were aged over 18 years.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSetting\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research was completed in the emergency service of a university hospital providing tertiary care services from 08.00\u0026ndash;22.00 all week long from 05.02.2021 to 03.07.2021.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e Compliance with STROBE guidelines\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e This study was conducted using an descriptive cross sectional desing, with careful adherence to the internationally recognized STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Descriptive Studies in Epidemiology) checklist to enhance reporting quality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eData collection and instrumentation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData obtained in the study were collected with the face-to-face survey method. Data collection tools comprised a patient descriptive information form, prepared by the researcher in line with the literature, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and the Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-Patient Introductory Information Form\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis form comprised a total of 21 questions with 13 about sociodemographic information (age, sex, marital status, education level, employment status, occupation, social insurance status, place of residence, family type, number of children, income level, smoking status, alcohol use) and 8 questions about the patient\u0026rsquo;s reasons for attending the emergency service and status (reason for emergency attendance, time and hour of admission to emergency service, frequency of emergency service attendance, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e- State-Trait Anxiety Inventory\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis inventory, developed with the aim of measuring state and trait anxiety, comprises 2 subscales with 20 items each for a total of 40 items. The State Anxiety Inventory (STAI-1) is used to identify how an individual feels at a certain time and in certain conditions, while the other subscale of the Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-2) is used with the aim of identifying how anxious a person feels in general. High points obtained from each subscale indicate high anxiety levels [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe inventory was translated to Turkish with validity and reliability studies performed by \u0026Ouml;ner ve Le Compte (1998) in 1976. In this study, the STAI-1 had Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.935, while the STAI-2 had Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.860.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e-Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aim in developing this scale, with a total of 15 items and 5-point Likert rating, was to identify the patient\u0026rsquo;s perceptions of nursing care and their satisfaction with this care. Increases in total points obtained from the scale indicate that the patient is satisfied with nursing care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. The scale had Turkish validity and reliability study performed by \u0026Ccedil;oban and Kaşık\u0026ccedil;ı [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e] and the scale was found to have Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0.92. In this study, the Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient for the scale was 0.955.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEthical consideration\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e The research began after receiving permission from Ondokuz Mayıs Clinical Research Ethics Committee (27.11.2020, Number:B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/746). Written permission was obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Directorate and Research Center to perform the research in Ondokuz Mayıs University Emergency Service. Participants were given information about the aim and importance of the study, participation was based on volunteering and privacy was preserved. The study was completed in accordance with the ethical principles in the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAnalysis of Data\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eData were analyzed with IBM SPSS v.23. Fit to normal distribution was investigated with the Shapiro Wilk and Kolmogorov Smirnov tests. Comparison in two-way groups used the independent two-samples t test for comparison of data with normal distribution and the Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of data without normal distribution. Comparisons of data in three or more groups with normal distribution used the one-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test for multiple comparisons. Comparison of qualitative data without normal distribution in three or more groups used the Kruskal Wallis test, with the Pearson correlation coefficient used to investigate correlations between data with normal distribution. The effect of the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service on nursing care perceptions was investigated with linear regression analysis. Analysis results are given as mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation and median (minimum-maximum) for quantitative data and as frequency (percentage) for categoric data. Significance level was taken as p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.050 and the Cronbach alpha analysis was used when determining the reliability of the scales.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3. RESULTS","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe distribution of sociodemographic characteristics of patients is given in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e. The distribution of clinical features of patients is presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. The mean scores for the STAI and PPHEN and the minimum and maximum scores obtained from the scales are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of sociodemographic characteristics of patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFrequency(n)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePercentage(%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e246\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u0026ndash;65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e22.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e177\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.80\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e113\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e220\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDivorced-widowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e140\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e195.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHousewife\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLaborer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCivil servant\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.67\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFreelance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRetired\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial insurance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e323\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e89.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of residence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProvince\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.88\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCounty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.87\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVillage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFamily structure\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNuclear family\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e281\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e78.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtended family\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e79\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHas children\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e227\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e133\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome less than expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e165\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome equal to expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e120\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33.33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome more than expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmokes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAlcohol use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e275\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.83\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003e*Multiple responses\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDistribution of findings related to clinical features of patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTime of admission to emergency service\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDay\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNight\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e163\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime of attendance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e06\u0026ndash;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e55\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u0026ndash;18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e136\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37.78\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e126\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e24\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransport to emergency service\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmbulance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.44\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOwn vehicle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e308\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e85.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eUsed drugs before attending emergency service\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e153\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e207\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePrevious attendance at emergency service\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e274\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e76.11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e86\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"7\" rowspan=\"8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrequency of attendance at emergency service\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOne time\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTwo times\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThree times\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFour times\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFive times\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSix times\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18.89\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8.61\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e69\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e19.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.00\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.72\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeven or more times\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.22\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDischarge status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreated and discharged\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdmitted to emergency\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdmitted to other clinics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e261\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72.50\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.56\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11.94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eReason for attending emergency service*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePain\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFever\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e159\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e97\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShortness of breath\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnemia\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUrinary retention\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHematemesis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRectal bleeding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCough\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e26.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInsufficient oral intake\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHematuria\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHemoptysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDrowsiness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTiredness-fatigue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConfusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDiarrhea\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e21\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNausea-vomiting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePhlegm\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeight loss\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAbdominal distension\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSyncope\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGeneral status disorder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDepression\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003e*Multiple responses\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics for PPHEN and STAI scales\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eS. Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinimum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaximum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatient perception of nursing care scale score\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eState anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrait anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e9.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e20.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e23.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e80.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e79.0\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith the aim of investigating the factors affecting the anxiety of participants, the STAI scores and sociodemographic characteristics were compared (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). Marital status, educational level, employment status, social insurance, income level and smoking were effective on state anxiety (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). According to these findings, there were higher state anxiety scores for those who were divorced-widowed compared to those who were single; for those who were literate compared to those who were university graduates; for those who were not working compared to those who were; for those without social insurance compared to those with it; for those with income less than expenditure compared to those with equal or more income; and for those who smoked compared to those who did not. Features like sex, occupation, family structure and alcohol use were not determined to affect state anxiety.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of sociodemographic characteristics and scale scores of patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"21\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c21\" colnum=\"21\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eState anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrait anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatient perception of nursing care scale score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSex\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWoman\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (24\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66 (22\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41 (23\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15395.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.646\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et=-2.187\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.417\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.029\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.5\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (23\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.5\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (21\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDivorced-widowed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (31\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43 (28\u0026ndash;69)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e63 (20\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4.438\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e=3.011\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e0.490\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.012\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.222\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.783\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducational level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.5 (32\u0026ndash;50)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.5 (38\u0026ndash;59)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e71 (69\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLiterate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54 (33\u0026ndash;67)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (33\u0026ndash;66)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67 (28\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.2\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (24\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;68)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e56.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMiddle school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.9\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47.5 (22\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5 (29\u0026ndash;69)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67.5 (33\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh school\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.2\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48 (22\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.5 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUniversity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.4\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (23\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c19\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.886\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e=7.704\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e10.826\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.014\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.173\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.055\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEmployed\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (20\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (23\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c17\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;19449\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et=-3.506\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et=-0.079\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.937\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSocial insurance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (23\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e52.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e54 (23\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (29\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e72 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8010.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;4077.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7383.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.019\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePlace of residence\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProvince\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (22\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;79)\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCounty\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVillage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.5 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (23\u0026ndash;69)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c20\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c21\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.5 (30\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.413\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e8.923\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e1.691\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.012\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.429\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eHas children\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (21\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (23\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et=-1.115\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;17083.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15255.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.266\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.037\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.866\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eIncome level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome less than expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49 (22\u0026ndash;80)\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (24\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome equal to expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;70)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5 (23\u0026ndash;64)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64 (23\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncome more than expenditure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (22\u0026ndash;77)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41 (24\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (27\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e10.869\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e3.876\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e3.157\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.004\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.206\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSmokes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e49 (22\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5 (24\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e57.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e62 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.1\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (20\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (23\u0026ndash;68)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e61.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e66 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e48.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.7\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e47 (24\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (30\u0026ndash;56)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68 (49\u0026ndash;75)\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.103\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e0.750\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e7.464\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.687\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"21\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e: Kruskal Wallis test statistic, U: Mann Whitney U test statistic, t: independent two-samples test statistic, F: one-way analysis of variance test statistic, \u003csup\u003ea\u0026minus;b\u003c/sup\u003e: No difference between groups with the same letter\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrait anxiety levels were identified to be affected by sex, employment status, social insurance, place of residence and having children (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). These findings show that trait anxiety levels were higher for women compared to men; for unemployed people compared to employed people; for those without social insurance compared to those with social insurance; for those living in villages compared to those living in provincial towns; and for those without children compared to those with children. Additionally, marital status, educational level, occupation, family structure, income level, smoking and alcohol use were not effective on trait anxiety levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe STAI scores for participants included within the scope of the research are presented in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e in comparison with clinical features. It was identified that the form of attendance at the emergency service and form of treatment affected state anxiety levels. Those who attended the emergency service with an ambulance had higher state anxiety compared to those arriving with their own vehicle, while those admitted to emergency or other clinics had higher state anxiety compared to those who were discharged (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). Time of being admitted to the emergency service, hour of attending, status of using drugs before attending the emergency service, previous emergency service attendance and frequency of emergency service attendance were determined not to affect state anxiety levels. It was found that time of admission, time of attendance, transport to the emergency service, status of using drugs before attending the emergency status, previous emergency service attendance and frequency of emergency service attendance did not affect trait anxiety levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eComparison of clinical features with scale scores of patients\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"16\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eState anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrait anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePatient perception of nursing care scale score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c13\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;S. deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian (min. - max.)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTransport to emergency service\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAmbulance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50 (28\u0026ndash;76)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59 (18\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOwn vehicle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e46 (20\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42.5 (23\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c15\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c16\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2.111\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7002.500\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eU\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;7040.000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.035\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c11\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.147\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.162\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDischarge status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTreated and discharged\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44.9\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.2\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45 (20\u0026ndash;77)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e43.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e42 (23\u0026ndash;74)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e59.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e65 (15\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdmitted to emergency\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.3\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51 (28\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (24\u0026ndash;78)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64.5 (18\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdmitted to other clinic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.7\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e51 (23\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e44 (26\u0026ndash;79)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c14\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e64\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e67 (30\u0026ndash;75)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTest statistic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.522\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e3.252\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}=\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e1.318\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.197\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c16\" namest=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.517\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"16\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\chi\\:}^{2}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e: Kruskal Wallis test statistic, U: Mann Whitney U test statistic, t: independent two-samples test statistic, F: one-way analysis of variance test statistic, \u003csup\u003ea\u0026minus;b\u003c/sup\u003e: No difference between groups with the same letter\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe PPHEN scores and sociodemographic characteristics of patients attending the emergency service are compared in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Sex, social insurance, and smoking were determined to impact the patients\u0026rsquo; perception of nursing care (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05). The findings show that satisfaction with nursing care was higher for women compared to men; for those without social insurance compared to those with social insurance; and for those who did not smoke compared to those who smoked. Additionally, marital status, educational level, employment status, occupation, place of residence, family structure, having children, income level and alcohol use were not identified to affect the patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of nursing care. Additionally, clinical features like time of admission to the emergency service, time of attendance, transport to the emergency service, using drugs before attending the emergency service, previous attendance at the emergency service, frequency of attending the emergency service and discharge status were identified not to affect the patients\u0026rsquo; perceptions of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe correlations between the STAI scores and subscales and the PPHEN scores for patients included within the scope of the study were analyzed with the Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings identified a weak level, positive correlation between the trait anxiety scores and the state anxiety scores (r\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.393; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). There was a weak and negative correlation between the state anxiety scores and the PPHEN scores (r=-0.200; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), while there was no correlation between trait anxiety scores and PPHEN scores (r=-0.027; p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.615).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen linear regression analysis is investigated, implemented with the aim of determining the effect of anxiety levels of patients attending emergency service on their perception of nursing care, state anxiety levels negatively impacted the patients\u0026rsquo; nursing care perception scores. As state anxiety scores increased, the level of being satisfied with nursing care reduced. A one-unit increase in state anxiety scores reduced perception of nursing care by 0.257. Trait anxiety scores were determined not to have a statistically significant effect on perceptions of nursing care (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.050) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLinear regression analysis for the effect of anxiety levels on nursing care perceptions of patients attending the emergency service\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"11\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eβ\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eS. Error\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eβ\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e95% confidence interval\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eZero-order\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePartial\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eVIF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLower limit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUpper limit\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFixed\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68.137\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3.799\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17.934\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60.665\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75.609\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eState anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.257\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.065\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.224\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-3.984\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.384\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.130\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.200\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.206\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.183\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrait anxiety score\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.092\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.084\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.095\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.274\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.073\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.257\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.027\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.058\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.183\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"11\"\u003eF\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;8.070, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001, R\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.043, CorrectedR\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.038, β\u003csub\u003e0\u003c/sub\u003e: unstandardized beta coefficient, β\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e: Standardized beta coefficient\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. DISCUSSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe quality of care offered in the emergency service is reported to be under continuous threat due to elderly patients with complex problems, crowded patient groups, lack of nursing and other health personnel and dynamic decision-making processes based on limited information involving life-threatening diseases [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. There are studies which identified that the anxiety rates among emergency service patients were very high compared to the general population [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Psychological symptoms like anxiety, depression and fear among emergency service patients were reported to negatively impact recovery and lengthen hospitalization duration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, among other effects reported on health outcomes, anxiety may cause patients to exaggerate the severity of their situation, cause lower quality of life and be faced with higher health costs, independent of the severity of their disease [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe mean STAI-1 total score for patients included in this research was 46.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.9, with mean STAI-2 total score of 43.8\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.9. In a study with the aim of determining the anxiety levels of patients undergoing surgical interventions, \u0026Ouml;zy\u0026uuml;rek and G\u0026ouml;ktaş [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e] determined the STAI-1 score was 47.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.90 in the emergency group, similar to the findings of our study, while the score was 43.56\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.99 among elective cases. This situation is thought to be due to the sudden and unexpected occurrence of the event in emergency cases and uncertainty about outcomes. In our research, when interpreting this data we obtained related to the state anxiety scores of patients, we believe it is necessary to consider reasons for inability to communicate with patients such as patient psattending with severe acute symptoms and angry individuals not wanting to communicate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother important research question in our study was about determining patient perceptions of nursing care. A study underlined the need for the primary focal point to be the patient\u0026rsquo;s perception of nursing care, emphasizing the importance of the patient\u0026rsquo;s perspective in the care process [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. When the literature is investigated, there are studies where patients both positively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e] and negatively [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e] evaluated nursing care. In this study, considering the scale scores, patients had levels of satisfaction with nursing care that were above average.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCommunication between health teams with patients and families is defined as the most important factor for care quality [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e]. The literature states that patients who find communication with nurses and care adequate have higher satisfaction [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. It is an expected situation that patients who are able to obtain adequate information and care from nurses and communicate effectively have higher satisfaction with nursing care with reduced fear and anxiety. Among the critical elements affecting perceptions of nursing care personally are the accessibility of the nurses and mutually respectful, kind, open and honest communication [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. For example, in a study in China, Zhao and Akkadechanunt [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e28\u003c/span\u003e] reported high satisfaction levels for statements like \u0026ldquo;nurses were there when I needed them\u0026rdquo;. Similarly, in this study, the majority of participants agreed with the statement on the PPHEN that \u0026ldquo;I am sure nurses will be there when I need them\u0026rdquo; at a rate of 54.4%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this research, the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients were compared with the STAI and PPHEN mean scores. There were no impacts on both state-trait anxiety and patient perception of nursing care due to occupation, family structure, alcohol use, time of admission to emergency service, time of attendance, use of drugs before attendance and previous attendance at the emergency service. The sex factor was identified to have an effect on both trait anxiety levels and care perceptions. In this study women experienced higher levels of anxiety compared to men and were less satisfied with nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith the increase in educational level, the desires and expectations of the individual change, and it is reported they may think critically related to services and actively participate in care [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. In this research, as the educational level increased, anxiety levels were determined to reduce. Supporting the findings of our research, Shaermoghadam et al. [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e] associated low educational levels with high anxiety. Additionally, in this study, educational level was not identified to affect patient care perceptions.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this study performed in the emergency service, people not being employed, having lower income than expenditure, not having social insurance and smoking had negative impacts on anxiety. Especially in departments like the emergency service where the severity of the situation and process cannot be predicted, individuals require social insurance and if they do not have it, it is thought that anxiety levels will increase due to uncertainty about the process. Contrary to the findings of our research, in a study including chronic patients using a different scale [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e], there was no significant correlation between the presence of social insurance and anxiety levels. Additionally, in a study supporting our research findings, there was a significant correlation between cigarette addiction and anxiety [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e]. Another study investigated the income level and anxiety level of patients and identified that patients with low-moderate income levels had higher anxiety levels, supporting the findings of our research [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Additionally, the correlation of attendance frequency and anxiety was investigated by considering that attending several times may have a negative impact on anxiety; however, there was no significant correlation identified.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA study of emergency service patients reported that even with life-threatening conditions, patients had needs extending beyond their physical needs and that existential thoughts and feelings emerged with the serious nature of the situation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The findings obtained in this research show that anxiety levels during emergency service attendance negatively impact the perceptions of nursing care. Additionally, independent of the situation and conditions in which the person finds themselves, mostly the anxiety status related to how they feel had no effect on nursing care perceptions. A study aiming to determine the correlation between anxiety and depression with patient perceptions of nursing care reported feelings of anxiety negatively affected perceptions of nursing care, supporting our results [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e]. Another recent research, investigating the effect of a standardized quality care model on anxiety among patients receiving care in the emergency service, reported there was strong evidence that a standardized quality care model effectively reduced anxiety and depression, improved physiological balance, increased quality of life and increased patient adherence and satisfaction among emergency service patients [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. CONCLUSION","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn this research, anxiety levels during attendance in the emergency service were determined to negatively affect the perceptions of nursing care. To be able to increase care quality, it is important that nurses are able to recognize patients with high anxiety levels and make appropriate interventions. Providing information about the process to patients and creating an environment of trust may positively affect care perceptions. The lower the anxiety levels of patients during attendance, it is probable that the satisfaction with nursing services will be correspondingly high.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. LIMITATIONS","content":"\u003cp\u003eSince the research findings were based on the responses of patients to items on the scales, the responses may have been affected by the physical discomfort the patients were experiencing at that moment. Long-term observation and evaluation was not performed after discharge with the aim of assessing the accuracy of the responses given by patients during face-to-face interviews. Additionally, the inability to communicate with patients attending with severe acute symptoms, angry individuals not wanting to communicate and the inability to encompass patients not included in the research due to the length of the questions and scales included in the survey are other limitations of the research. Additionally, this research was only completed with patients attending the emergency service in one university hospital. There is a need for other research in the future to be able to generalize the findings.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eState Trait Anxiety Inventory\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSTAI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003ePatient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePPHEN\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eState Anxiety Form\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSTAI-1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eTrait Anxiety Form\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSTAI-2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConflict of interest:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding Sources/Disclosures\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no conflict of interest. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding Statement\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe research began after receiving permission from Ondokuz Mayıs Clinical Research Ethics Committee (27.11.2020, Number:B.30.2.ODM.0.20.08/746). Written permission was obtained from Ondokuz Mayıs University Health Directorate and Research Center to perform the research in Ondokuz Mayıs University Emergency Service. Participants were given information about the aim and importance of the study, participation was based on volunteering and privacy was preserved. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants who voluntarily agreed to take part in the study.The study was completed in accordance with the ethical principles in the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDeclaration of competing interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare there is no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding Statement:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis research received no external funding.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eSemra Engin: references, project management, methodology, research, acquiring funds, formal analysis, data curatorship, writing \u0026ndash; original draft, conceptualization. Latif Duran: verification, auditing, conceptualization, writing \u0026ndash; revision and editing.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgment:\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe thank the emergency department patients who participated in the study.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData for this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eData for this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnghele M, Marina V, Moscu CA, Dragomir L, Anghele AD, Lescai AM. Emotional distress in a patients following polytrauma. 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PMID: 38600487; PMCID: PMC11005151.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"emergency service, emergency nursing, anxiety, perception of nursing care","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383481/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383481/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eObjectives\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe aim of the study is to measure the anxiety levels of patients attending the emergency service and to research how anxiety impacts their perceptions of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e The research was completed from 05.02.2021 to 03.07.2021 in a university hospital offering tertiary health services with participation of 360 patients attending the emergency service and accepting participation in the study. Data were collected using the descriptive information form, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Patient Perception of Hospital Experience with Nursing (PPHEN).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen linear regression analysis, applied with the aim of determining the effect of the anxiety levels of patients attending emergency service on their perception of nursing care, is investigated, state anxiety level negatively impacted the scale points for the perception of nursing care. As state anxiety scores increased, the level of being satisfied with nursing care reduced (r=-0.200; p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Additionally, it was determined that trait anxiety scores did not affect the level of perception of nursing care.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe anxiety level of patients during their emergency service visit negatively impacts their perceptions of care from nursing services.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of Anxiety Levels and Perception of Nursing Care for Patients Attending the Emergency Service","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-10 20:12:52","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7383481/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-21T21:20:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"317146073191539556344987202871847602527","date":"2025-10-08T05:21:11+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"324138483263943079639508771191847671000","date":"2025-10-07T10:45:51+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-06T18:39:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"1835057357168527437744457473015741040","date":"2025-10-06T12:20:04+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"11446846385950298959241709974398869276","date":"2025-10-02T09:55:16+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-09-29T05:16:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-08-29T12:52:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-08-21T05:42:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-08-21T05:40:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Nursing","date":"2025-08-15T18:28:56+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-nursing","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"nurs","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Nursing](http://bmcnurs.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/nurs/default.aspx","title":"BMC Nursing","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"318c263b-38b0-44c0-804b-40d730633906","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-10T20:12:52+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-10 20:12:52","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7383481","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7383481","identity":"rs-7383481","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}