Advanced Interventional Treatment of Endometriosis-Related Pain

Abstract Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory gynecologic condition characterized by the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. It commonly involves the ovaries, pelvic peritoneum, uterosacral ligaments, and fallopian tubes. It affects about 10% of women of reproductive age and is a leading cause of chronic pelvic pain lasting 6 or more months. The relationship between the severity of pain and lesion burden is often poor. Pain is increasingly thought to be driven by neuroinflammation, angiogenesis, and peripheral and central sensitization. Diagnosis is challenging due to variable symptoms, lack of reliable biomarkers, and often diagnostic delay. While laparoscopy with histologic confirmation is considered the gold standard for diagnosis, advanced imaging has an important adjunctive role. Recognition of endometriosis is often delayed, contributing to prolonged morbidity and reinforcing the need for improved diagnosis and multidisciplinary management.