Cognitive Impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Crossriver state Nigeria

Cognitive Impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Crossriver state Nigeria | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cognitive Impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Crossriver state Nigeria Israel Ebubechukwu Okeke, patrick Chinazam Nwosu, Uma Agwu Uma, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7978546/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Post-stroke cognitive impairment is very prevalent among stroke survivors but is often missed or underdiagnosed. Previous studies in Nigeria have focused more on post-stroke depression, leading to a shortage of information on cognitive impairment after stroke. Aim : To investigate the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. All the stroke survivors had a CT-scan confirmed stroke. A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit respondents. The following questionnaires were administered to 122 stroke survivors. Sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), The Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI)-Depression module, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), and the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). The data were analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: The study recruited 122 stroke survivors. The mean age of the participants was 60.23 ± 13.0. The proportion of male respondents was 62.3%, while that of female respondents was 37.7%. Respondents with the right hemispheric stroke were 51.6%, while those with the left hemispheric stroke were 36.1%. The proportion of respondents with ischaemic stroke (87.1%) was higher than that of those with hemorrhagic stroke (12.3%). The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment among the respondents was 41.8%. Respondents with left hemispheric stroke were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those with right cerebral stroke. Also, respondents with severe stroke-related disability were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those with mild stroke-related disability. However, respondents with a tertiary and secondary level of education were less likely to have cognitive impairment than those with a primary level of education. Conclusion: The result of the study showed that post-stroke cognitive impairment is high among the study population. The condition is often neglected by the primary physicians managing these patients, leading to poor treatment outcomes. Efforts should be made to include cognitive assessment/ treatment in the routine care of stroke patients . Neurology Cognitive impairment Stroke Stroke Survivors Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7978546","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":536814964,"identity":"6d62f41b-8833-48e2-afab-7f103ea50250","order_by":0,"name":"Israel Ebubechukwu 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Nigeria\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Federal Neuro Psychiatric Hospital","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Cognitive impairment, Stroke, Stroke Survivors","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7978546/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7978546/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground: \u003c/strong\u003ePost-stroke cognitive impairment is very prevalent among stroke survivors but is often missed or underdiagnosed. Previous studies in Nigeria have focused more on post-stroke depression, leading to a shortage of information on cognitive impairment after stroke.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAim\u003c/strong\u003e: To investigate the occurrence of post-stroke cognitive impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar, Nigeria.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMaterials and methods: \u003c/strong\u003eThis cross-sectional study was conducted among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital. All the stroke survivors had a CT-scan confirmed stroke. A consecutive sampling method was used to recruit respondents. The following questionnaires were administered to 122 stroke survivors. Sociodemographic/clinical questionnaire, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), The Mini-International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI)-Depression module, Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Oslo Social Support Scale (OSSS-3), and the Modified Rankin Scale (MRS). The data were analysed using SPSS version 25.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults: \u003c/strong\u003eThe study recruited 122 stroke survivors. The mean age of the participants was 60.23 ± 13.0. The proportion of male respondents was 62.3%, while that of female respondents was 37.7%. Respondents with the right hemispheric stroke were 51.6%, while those with the left hemispheric stroke were 36.1%. The proportion of respondents with ischaemic stroke (87.1%) was higher than that of those with hemorrhagic stroke (12.3%). The prevalence of post-stroke cognitive impairment among the respondents was 41.8%. Respondents with left hemispheric stroke were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those with right cerebral stroke. Also, respondents with severe stroke-related disability were more likely to have cognitive impairment than those with mild stroke-related disability.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, respondents with a tertiary and secondary level of education were less likely to have cognitive impairment than those with a primary level of education.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion: \u003c/strong\u003eThe\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eresult\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003eof the study showed that post-stroke cognitive impairment is high among the study population. The condition is often neglected by the primary physicians managing these patients, leading to poor treatment outcomes. Efforts should be made to include cognitive assessment/ treatment in the routine care of stroke patients\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Cognitive Impairment among stroke survivors at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Crossriver state Nigeria","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-30 03:13:06","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7978546/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"b87f9737-927d-4b33-b86b-d6cce03eec45","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":57084104,"name":"Neurology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-10-30T03:13:06+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-30 03:13:06","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7978546","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7978546","identity":"rs-7978546","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}